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DomainValidator.java
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DomainValidator.java
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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
/* Copied from commons-validator:commons-validator:1.6, with [PATCH] modifications */
package jenkins.org.apache.commons.validator.routines;
import org.kohsuke.accmod.Restricted;
import org.kohsuke.accmod.restrictions.NoExternalUse;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.net.IDN;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Locale;
/**
* <p><b>Domain name</b> validation routines.</p>
*
* <p>
* This validator provides methods for validating Internet domain names
* and top-level domains.
* </p>
*
* <p>Domain names are evaluated according
* to the standards <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1034.txt">RFC1034</a>,
* section 3, and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a>,
* section 2.1. No accommodation is provided for the specialized needs of
* other applications; if the domain name has been URL-encoded, for example,
* validation will fail even though the equivalent plaintext version of the
* same name would have passed.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* Validation is also provided for top-level domains (TLDs) as defined and
* maintained by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA):
* </p>
*
* <ul>
* <li>{@link #isValidInfrastructureTld} - validates infrastructure TLDs
* (<code>.arpa</code>, etc.)</li>
* <li>{@link #isValidGenericTld} - validates generic TLDs
* (<code>.com, .org</code>, etc.)</li>
* <li>{@link #isValidCountryCodeTld} - validates country code TLDs
* (<code>.us, .uk, .cn</code>, etc.)</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p>
* (<b>NOTE</b>: This class does not provide IP address lookup for domain names or
* methods to ensure that a given domain name matches a specific IP; see
* {@link java.net.InetAddress} for that functionality.)
* </p>
*
* @version $Revision: 1781829 $
* @since Validator 1.4
*/
//[PATCH]
@Restricted(NoExternalUse.class)
// end of [PATCH]
public class DomainValidator implements Serializable {
private static final int MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH = 253;
private static final String[] EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY = new String[0];
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4407125112880174009L;
// Regular expression strings for hostnames (derived from RFC2396 and RFC 1123)
// RFC2396: domainlabel = alphanum | alphanum *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
// Max 63 characters
private static final String DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alnum}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
// RFC2396 toplabel = alpha | alpha *( alphanum | "-" ) alphanum
// Max 63 characters
private static final String TOP_LABEL_REGEX = "\\p{Alpha}(?>[\\p{Alnum}-]{0,61}\\p{Alnum})?";
// RFC2396 hostname = *( domainlabel "." ) toplabel [ "." ]
// Note that the regex currently requires both a domain label and a top level label, whereas
// the RFC does not. This is because the regex is used to detect if a TLD is present.
// If the match fails, input is checked against DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX (hostnameRegex)
// RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
private static final String DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX =
"^(?:" + DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX + "\\.)+" + "(" + TOP_LABEL_REGEX + ")\\.?$";
private final boolean allowLocal;
/**
* Singleton instance of this validator, which
* doesn't consider local addresses as valid.
*/
private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR = new DomainValidator(false);
/**
* Singleton instance of this validator, which does
* consider local addresses valid.
*/
private static final DomainValidator DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL = new DomainValidator(true);
/**
* RegexValidator for matching domains.
*/
private final RegexValidator domainRegex =
new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_NAME_REGEX);
/**
* RegexValidator for matching a local hostname
*/
// RFC1123 sec 2.1 allows hostnames to start with a digit
private final RegexValidator hostnameRegex =
new RegexValidator(DOMAIN_LABEL_REGEX);
/**
* Returns the singleton instance of this validator. It
* will not consider local addresses as valid.
* @return the singleton instance of this validator
*/
public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance() {
inUse = true;
return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
}
/**
* Returns the singleton instance of this validator,
* with local validation as required.
* @param allowLocal Should local addresses be considered valid?
* @return the singleton instance of this validator
*/
public static synchronized DomainValidator getInstance(boolean allowLocal) {
inUse = true;
if(allowLocal) {
return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR_WITH_LOCAL;
}
return DOMAIN_VALIDATOR;
}
/** Private constructor. */
private DomainValidator(boolean allowLocal) {
this.allowLocal = allowLocal;
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> parses
* as a valid domain name with a recognized top-level domain.
* The parsing is case-insensitive.
* @param domain the parameter to check for domain name syntax
* @return true if the parameter is a valid domain name
*/
public boolean isValid(String domain) {
if (domain == null) {
return false;
}
domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
// hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode;
// Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
// if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
// checks in the regexes below
if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
return false;
}
String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
if (groups != null && groups.length > 0) {
return isValidTld(groups[0]);
}
return allowLocal && hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
}
// package protected for unit test access
// must agree with isValidRootUrl() above
final boolean isValidDomainSyntax(String domain) {
if (domain == null) {
return false;
}
domain = unicodeToASCII(domain);
// hosts must be equally reachable via punycode and Unicode;
// Unicode is never shorter than punycode, so check punycode
// if domain did not convert, then it will be caught by ASCII
// checks in the regexes below
if (domain.length() > MAX_DOMAIN_LENGTH) {
return false;
}
String[] groups = domainRegex.match(domain);
return (groups != null && groups.length > 0)
|| hostnameRegex.isValid(domain);
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
* IANA-defined top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored if present.
* The search is case-insensitive.
* @param tld the parameter to check for TLD status, not null
* @return true if the parameter is a TLD
*/
public boolean isValidTld(String tld) {
tld = unicodeToASCII(tld);
if(allowLocal && isValidLocalTld(tld)) {
return true;
}
return isValidInfrastructureTld(tld)
|| isValidGenericTld(tld)
|| isValidCountryCodeTld(tld);
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
* IANA-defined infrastructure top-level domain. Leading dots are
* ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
* @param iTld the parameter to check for infrastructure TLD status, not null
* @return true if the parameter is an infrastructure TLD
*/
public boolean isValidInfrastructureTld(String iTld) {
final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(iTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
return arrayContains(INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS, key);
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
* IANA-defined generic top-level domain. Leading dots are ignored
* if present. The search is case-insensitive.
* @param gTld the parameter to check for generic TLD status, not null
* @return true if the parameter is a generic TLD
*/
public boolean isValidGenericTld(String gTld) {
final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(gTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
return (arrayContains(GENERIC_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(genericTLDsPlus, key))
&& !arrayContains(genericTLDsMinus, key);
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
* IANA-defined country code top-level domain. Leading dots are
* ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
* @param ccTld the parameter to check for country code TLD status, not null
* @return true if the parameter is a country code TLD
*/
public boolean isValidCountryCodeTld(String ccTld) {
final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(ccTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
return (arrayContains(COUNTRY_CODE_TLDS, key) || arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsPlus, key))
&& !arrayContains(countryCodeTLDsMinus, key);
}
/**
* Returns true if the specified <code>String</code> matches any
* widely used "local" domains (localhost or localdomain). Leading dots are
* ignored if present. The search is case-insensitive.
* @param lTld the parameter to check for local TLD status, not null
* @return true if the parameter is an local TLD
*/
public boolean isValidLocalTld(String lTld) {
final String key = chompLeadingDot(unicodeToASCII(lTld).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
return arrayContains(LOCAL_TLDS, key);
}
private String chompLeadingDot(String str) {
if (str.startsWith(".")) {
return str.substring(1);
}
return str;
}
// ---------------------------------------------
// ----- TLDs defined by IANA
// ----- Authoritative and comprehensive list at:
// ----- http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt
// Note that the above list is in UPPER case.
// The code currently converts strings to lower case (as per the tables below)
// IANA also provide an HTML list at http://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
// Note that this contains several country code entries which are NOT in
// the text file. These all have the "Not assigned" in the "Sponsoring Organisation" column
// For example (as of 2015-01-02):
// .bl country-code Not assigned
// .um country-code Not assigned
// WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
private static final String[] INFRASTRUCTURE_TLDS = new String[] {
"arpa", // internet infrastructure
};
// WARNING: this array MUST be sorted, otherwise it cannot be searched reliably using binary search
private static final String[] GENERIC_TLDS = new String[] {
// Taken from Version 2017020400, Last Updated Sat Feb 4 07:07:01 2017 UTC
"aaa", // aaa American Automobile Association, Inc.
"aarp", // aarp AARP
"abarth", // abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"abb", // abb ABB Ltd
"abbott", // abbott Abbott Laboratories, Inc.
"abbvie", // abbvie AbbVie Inc.
"abc", // abc Disney Enterprises, Inc.
"able", // able Able Inc.
"abogado", // abogado Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"abudhabi", // abudhabi Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre
"academy", // academy Half Oaks, LLC
"accenture", // accenture Accenture plc
"accountant", // accountant dot Accountant Limited
"accountants", // accountants Knob Town, LLC
"aco", // aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG
"active", // active The Active Network, Inc
"actor", // actor United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"adac", // adac Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC)
"ads", // ads Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"adult", // adult ICM Registry AD LLC
"aeg", // aeg Aktiebolaget Electrolux
"aero", // aero Societe Internationale de Telecommunications Aeronautique (SITA INC USA)
"aetna", // aetna Aetna Life Insurance Company
"afamilycompany", // afamilycompany Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
"afl", // afl Australian Football League
"agakhan", // agakhan Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
"agency", // agency Steel Falls, LLC
"aig", // aig American International Group, Inc.
"aigo", // aigo aigo Digital Technology Co,Ltd.
"airbus", // airbus Airbus S.A.S.
"airforce", // airforce United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"airtel", // airtel Bharti Airtel Limited
"akdn", // akdn Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
"alfaromeo", // alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"alibaba", // alibaba Alibaba Group Holding Limited
"alipay", // alipay Alibaba Group Holding Limited
"allfinanz", // allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft
"allstate", // allstate Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
"ally", // ally Ally Financial Inc.
"alsace", // alsace REGION D ALSACE
"alstom", // alstom ALSTOM
"americanexpress", // americanexpress American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
"americanfamily", // americanfamily AmFam, Inc.
"amex", // amex American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.
"amfam", // amfam AmFam, Inc.
"amica", // amica Amica Mutual Insurance Company
"amsterdam", // amsterdam Gemeente Amsterdam
"analytics", // analytics Campus IP LLC
"android", // android Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"anquan", // anquan QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
"anz", // anz Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
"aol", // aol AOL Inc.
"apartments", // apartments June Maple, LLC
"app", // app Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"apple", // apple Apple Inc.
"aquarelle", // aquarelle Aquarelle.com
"aramco", // aramco Aramco Services Company
"archi", // archi STARTING DOT LIMITED
"army", // army United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"art", // art UK Creative Ideas Limited
"arte", // arte Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.
"asda", // asda Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
"asia", // asia DotAsia Organisation Ltd.
"associates", // associates Baxter Hill, LLC
"athleta", // athleta The Gap, Inc.
"attorney", // attorney United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"auction", // auction United TLD HoldCo, Ltd.
"audi", // audi AUDI Aktiengesellschaft
"audible", // audible Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"audio", // audio Uniregistry, Corp.
"auspost", // auspost Australian Postal Corporation
"author", // author Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"auto", // auto Uniregistry, Corp.
"autos", // autos DERAutos, LLC
"avianca", // avianca Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A. Avianca
"aws", // aws Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"axa", // axa AXA SA
"azure", // azure Microsoft Corporation
"baby", // baby Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
"baidu", // baidu Baidu, Inc.
"banamex", // banamex Citigroup Inc.
"bananarepublic", // bananarepublic The Gap, Inc.
"band", // band United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"bank", // bank fTLD Registry Services, LLC
"bar", // bar Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable
"barcelona", // barcelona Municipi de Barcelona
"barclaycard", // barclaycard Barclays Bank PLC
"barclays", // barclays Barclays Bank PLC
"barefoot", // barefoot Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
"bargains", // bargains Half Hallow, LLC
"baseball", // baseball MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
"basketball", // basketball Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA)
"bauhaus", // bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH
"bayern", // bayern Bayern Connect GmbH
"bbc", // bbc British Broadcasting Corporation
"bbt", // bbt BB&T Corporation
"bbva", // bbva BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A.
"bcg", // bcg The Boston Consulting Group, Inc.
"bcn", // bcn Municipi de Barcelona
"beats", // beats Beats Electronics, LLC
"beauty", // beauty L'Oréal
"beer", // beer Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"bentley", // bentley Bentley Motors Limited
"berlin", // berlin dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG
"best", // best BestTLD Pty Ltd
"bestbuy", // bestbuy BBY Solutions, Inc.
"bet", // bet Afilias plc
"bharti", // bharti Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited
"bible", // bible American Bible Society
"bid", // bid dot Bid Limited
"bike", // bike Grand Hollow, LLC
"bing", // bing Microsoft Corporation
"bingo", // bingo Sand Cedar, LLC
"bio", // bio STARTING DOT LIMITED
"biz", // biz Neustar, Inc.
"black", // black Afilias Limited
"blackfriday", // blackfriday Uniregistry, Corp.
"blanco", // blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG
"blockbuster", // blockbuster Dish DBS Corporation
"blog", // blog Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC
"bloomberg", // bloomberg Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC
"blue", // blue Afilias Limited
"bms", // bms Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
"bmw", // bmw Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
"bnl", // bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro
"bnpparibas", // bnpparibas BNP Paribas
"boats", // boats DERBoats, LLC
"boehringer", // boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH
"bofa", // bofa NMS Services, Inc.
"bom", // bom Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
"bond", // bond Bond University Limited
"boo", // boo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"book", // book Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"booking", // booking Booking.com B.V.
"boots", // boots THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC
"bosch", // bosch Robert Bosch GMBH
"bostik", // bostik Bostik SA
"boston", // boston Boston TLD Management, LLC
"bot", // bot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"boutique", // boutique Over Galley, LLC
"box", // box NS1 Limited
"bradesco", // bradesco Banco Bradesco S.A.
"bridgestone", // bridgestone Bridgestone Corporation
"broadway", // broadway Celebrate Broadway, Inc.
"broker", // broker DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD
"brother", // brother Brother Industries, Ltd.
"brussels", // brussels DNS.be vzw
"budapest", // budapest Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"bugatti", // bugatti Bugatti International SA
"build", // build Plan Bee LLC
"builders", // builders Atomic Madison, LLC
"business", // business Spring Cross, LLC
"buy", // buy Amazon Registry Services, INC
"buzz", // buzz DOTSTRATEGY CO.
"bzh", // bzh Association www.bzh
"cab", // cab Half Sunset, LLC
"cafe", // cafe Pioneer Canyon, LLC
"cal", // cal Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"call", // call Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"calvinklein", // calvinklein PVH gTLD Holdings LLC
"cam", // cam AC Webconnecting Holding B.V.
"camera", // camera Atomic Maple, LLC
"camp", // camp Delta Dynamite, LLC
"cancerresearch", // cancerresearch Australian Cancer Research Foundation
"canon", // canon Canon Inc.
"capetown", // capetown ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
"capital", // capital Delta Mill, LLC
"capitalone", // capitalone Capital One Financial Corporation
"car", // car Cars Registry Limited
"caravan", // caravan Caravan International, Inc.
"cards", // cards Foggy Hollow, LLC
"care", // care Goose Cross, LLC
"career", // career dotCareer LLC
"careers", // careers Wild Corner, LLC
"cars", // cars Uniregistry, Corp.
"cartier", // cartier Richemont DNS Inc.
"casa", // casa Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"case", // case CNH Industrial N.V.
"caseih", // caseih CNH Industrial N.V.
"cash", // cash Delta Lake, LLC
"casino", // casino Binky Sky, LLC
"cat", // cat Fundacio puntCAT
"catering", // catering New Falls. LLC
"catholic", // catholic Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)
"cba", // cba COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
"cbn", // cbn The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc.
"cbre", // cbre CBRE, Inc.
"cbs", // cbs CBS Domains Inc.
"ceb", // ceb The Corporate Executive Board Company
"center", // center Tin Mill, LLC
"ceo", // ceo CEOTLD Pty Ltd
"cern", // cern European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN")
"cfa", // cfa CFA Institute
"cfd", // cfd DOTCFD REGISTRY LTD
"chanel", // chanel Chanel International B.V.
"channel", // channel Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"chase", // chase JPMorgan Chase & Co.
"chat", // chat Sand Fields, LLC
"cheap", // cheap Sand Cover, LLC
"chintai", // chintai CHINTAI Corporation
"chloe", // chloe Richemont DNS Inc.
"christmas", // christmas Uniregistry, Corp.
"chrome", // chrome Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"chrysler", // chrysler FCA US LLC.
"church", // church Holly Fileds, LLC
"cipriani", // cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl
"circle", // circle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"cisco", // cisco Cisco Technology, Inc.
"citadel", // citadel Citadel Domain LLC
"citi", // citi Citigroup Inc.
"citic", // citic CITIC Group Corporation
"city", // city Snow Sky, LLC
"cityeats", // cityeats Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"claims", // claims Black Corner, LLC
"cleaning", // cleaning Fox Shadow, LLC
"click", // click Uniregistry, Corp.
"clinic", // clinic Goose Park, LLC
"clinique", // clinique The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
"clothing", // clothing Steel Lake, LLC
"cloud", // cloud ARUBA S.p.A.
"club", // club .CLUB DOMAINS, LLC
"clubmed", // clubmed Club Méditerranée S.A.
"coach", // coach Koko Island, LLC
"codes", // codes Puff Willow, LLC
"coffee", // coffee Trixy Cover, LLC
"college", // college XYZ.COM LLC
"cologne", // cologne NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
"com", // com VeriSign Global Registry Services
"comcast", // comcast Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC
"commbank", // commbank COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA
"community", // community Fox Orchard, LLC
"company", // company Silver Avenue, LLC
"compare", // compare iSelect Ltd
"computer", // computer Pine Mill, LLC
"comsec", // comsec VeriSign, Inc.
"condos", // condos Pine House, LLC
"construction", // construction Fox Dynamite, LLC
"consulting", // consulting United TLD Holdco, LTD.
"contact", // contact Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
"contractors", // contractors Magic Woods, LLC
"cooking", // cooking Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"cookingchannel", // cookingchannel Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"cool", // cool Koko Lake, LLC
"coop", // coop DotCooperation LLC
"corsica", // corsica Collectivité Territoriale de Corse
"country", // country Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"coupon", // coupon Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"coupons", // coupons Black Island, LLC
"courses", // courses OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD
"credit", // credit Snow Shadow, LLC
"creditcard", // creditcard Binky Frostbite, LLC
"creditunion", // creditunion CUNA Performance Resources, LLC
"cricket", // cricket dot Cricket Limited
"crown", // crown Crown Equipment Corporation
"crs", // crs Federated Co-operatives Limited
"cruise", // cruise Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd.
"cruises", // cruises Spring Way, LLC
"csc", // csc Alliance-One Services, Inc.
"cuisinella", // cuisinella SALM S.A.S.
"cymru", // cymru Nominet UK
"cyou", // cyou Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
"dabur", // dabur Dabur India Limited
"dad", // dad Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"dance", // dance United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"data", // data Dish DBS Corporation
"date", // date dot Date Limited
"dating", // dating Pine Fest, LLC
"datsun", // datsun NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
"day", // day Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"dclk", // dclk Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"dds", // dds Minds + Machines Group Limited
"deal", // deal Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"dealer", // dealer Dealer Dot Com, Inc.
"deals", // deals Sand Sunset, LLC
"degree", // degree United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"delivery", // delivery Steel Station, LLC
"dell", // dell Dell Inc.
"deloitte", // deloitte Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu
"delta", // delta Delta Air Lines, Inc.
"democrat", // democrat United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"dental", // dental Tin Birch, LLC
"dentist", // dentist United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"desi", // desi Desi Networks LLC
"design", // design Top Level Design, LLC
"dev", // dev Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"dhl", // dhl Deutsche Post AG
"diamonds", // diamonds John Edge, LLC
"diet", // diet Uniregistry, Corp.
"digital", // digital Dash Park, LLC
"direct", // direct Half Trail, LLC
"directory", // directory Extra Madison, LLC
"discount", // discount Holly Hill, LLC
"discover", // discover Discover Financial Services
"dish", // dish Dish DBS Corporation
"diy", // diy Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"dnp", // dnp Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
"docs", // docs Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"doctor", // doctor Brice Trail, LLC
"dodge", // dodge FCA US LLC.
"dog", // dog Koko Mill, LLC
"doha", // doha Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)
"domains", // domains Sugar Cross, LLC
// "doosan", // doosan Doosan Corporation (retired)
"dot", // dot Dish DBS Corporation
"download", // download dot Support Limited
"drive", // drive Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"dtv", // dtv Dish DBS Corporation
"dubai", // dubai Dubai Smart Government Department
"duck", // duck Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
"dunlop", // dunlop The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
"duns", // duns The Dun & Bradstreet Corporation
"dupont", // dupont E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
"durban", // durban ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
"dvag", // dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG
"dvr", // dvr Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
"earth", // earth Interlink Co., Ltd.
"eat", // eat Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"eco", // eco Big Room Inc.
"edeka", // edeka EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V.
"edu", // edu EDUCAUSE
"education", // education Brice Way, LLC
"email", // email Spring Madison, LLC
"emerck", // emerck Merck KGaA
"energy", // energy Binky Birch, LLC
"engineer", // engineer United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"engineering", // engineering Romeo Canyon
"enterprises", // enterprises Snow Oaks, LLC
"epost", // epost Deutsche Post AG
"epson", // epson Seiko Epson Corporation
"equipment", // equipment Corn Station, LLC
"ericsson", // ericsson Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson
"erni", // erni ERNI Group Holding AG
"esq", // esq Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"estate", // estate Trixy Park, LLC
"esurance", // esurance Esurance Insurance Company
"eurovision", // eurovision European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
"eus", // eus Puntueus Fundazioa
"events", // events Pioneer Maple, LLC
"everbank", // everbank EverBank
"exchange", // exchange Spring Falls, LLC
"expert", // expert Magic Pass, LLC
"exposed", // exposed Victor Beach, LLC
"express", // express Sea Sunset, LLC
"extraspace", // extraspace Extra Space Storage LLC
"fage", // fage Fage International S.A.
"fail", // fail Atomic Pipe, LLC
"fairwinds", // fairwinds FairWinds Partners, LLC
"faith", // faith dot Faith Limited
"family", // family United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"fan", // fan Asiamix Digital Ltd
"fans", // fans Asiamix Digital Limited
"farm", // farm Just Maple, LLC
"farmers", // farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange
"fashion", // fashion Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"fast", // fast Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"fedex", // fedex Federal Express Corporation
"feedback", // feedback Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
"ferrari", // ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"ferrero", // ferrero Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
"fiat", // fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"fidelity", // fidelity Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC
"fido", // fido Rogers Communications Canada Inc.
"film", // film Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd
"final", // final Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br
"finance", // finance Cotton Cypress, LLC
"financial", // financial Just Cover, LLC
"fire", // fire Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"firestone", // firestone Bridgestone Corporation
"firmdale", // firmdale Firmdale Holdings Limited
"fish", // fish Fox Woods, LLC
"fishing", // fishing Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"fit", // fit Minds + Machines Group Limited
"fitness", // fitness Brice Orchard, LLC
"flickr", // flickr Yahoo! Domain Services Inc.
"flights", // flights Fox Station, LLC
"flir", // flir FLIR Systems, Inc.
"florist", // florist Half Cypress, LLC
"flowers", // flowers Uniregistry, Corp.
// "flsmidth", // flsmidth FLSmidth A/S retired 2016-07-22
"fly", // fly Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"foo", // foo Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"food", // food Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"foodnetwork", // foodnetwork Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"football", // football Foggy Farms, LLC
"ford", // ford Ford Motor Company
"forex", // forex DOTFOREX REGISTRY LTD
"forsale", // forsale United TLD Holdco, LLC
"forum", // forum Fegistry, LLC
"foundation", // foundation John Dale, LLC
"fox", // fox FOX Registry, LLC
"free", // free Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"fresenius", // fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH
"frl", // frl FRLregistry B.V.
"frogans", // frogans OP3FT
"frontdoor", // frontdoor Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"frontier", // frontier Frontier Communications Corporation
"ftr", // ftr Frontier Communications Corporation
"fujitsu", // fujitsu Fujitsu Limited
"fujixerox", // fujixerox Xerox DNHC LLC
"fun", // fun DotSpace, Inc.
"fund", // fund John Castle, LLC
"furniture", // furniture Lone Fields, LLC
"futbol", // futbol United TLD Holdco, Ltd.
"fyi", // fyi Silver Tigers, LLC
"gal", // gal Asociación puntoGAL
"gallery", // gallery Sugar House, LLC
"gallo", // gallo Gallo Vineyards, Inc.
"gallup", // gallup Gallup, Inc.
"game", // game Uniregistry, Corp.
"games", // games United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"gap", // gap The Gap, Inc.
"garden", // garden Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"gbiz", // gbiz Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"gdn", // gdn Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems"
"gea", // gea GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft
"gent", // gent COMBELL GROUP NV/SA
"genting", // genting Resorts World Inc. Pte. Ltd.
"george", // george Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
"ggee", // ggee GMO Internet, Inc.
"gift", // gift Uniregistry, Corp.
"gifts", // gifts Goose Sky, LLC
"gives", // gives United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"giving", // giving Giving Limited
"glade", // glade Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.
"glass", // glass Black Cover, LLC
"gle", // gle Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"global", // global Dot Global Domain Registry Limited
"globo", // globo Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A
"gmail", // gmail Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"gmbh", // gmbh Extra Dynamite, LLC
"gmo", // gmo GMO Internet, Inc.
"gmx", // gmx 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH
"godaddy", // godaddy Go Daddy East, LLC
"gold", // gold June Edge, LLC
"goldpoint", // goldpoint YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD.
"golf", // golf Lone Falls, LLC
"goo", // goo NTT Resonant Inc.
"goodhands", // goodhands Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company
"goodyear", // goodyear The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
"goog", // goog Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"google", // google Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"gop", // gop Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc.
"got", // got Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"gov", // gov General Services Administration Attn: QTDC, 2E08 (.gov Domain Registration)
"grainger", // grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC
"graphics", // graphics Over Madison, LLC
"gratis", // gratis Pioneer Tigers, LLC
"green", // green Afilias Limited
"gripe", // gripe Corn Sunset, LLC
"group", // group Romeo Town, LLC
"guardian", // guardian The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America
"gucci", // gucci Guccio Gucci S.p.a.
"guge", // guge Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"guide", // guide Snow Moon, LLC
"guitars", // guitars Uniregistry, Corp.
"guru", // guru Pioneer Cypress, LLC
"hair", // hair L'Oreal
"hamburg", // hamburg Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH
"hangout", // hangout Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"haus", // haus United TLD Holdco, LTD.
"hbo", // hbo HBO Registry Services, Inc.
"hdfc", // hdfc HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED
"hdfcbank", // hdfcbank HDFC Bank Limited
"health", // health DotHealth, LLC
"healthcare", // healthcare Silver Glen, LLC
"help", // help Uniregistry, Corp.
"helsinki", // helsinki City of Helsinki
"here", // here Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"hermes", // hermes Hermes International
"hgtv", // hgtv Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"hiphop", // hiphop Uniregistry, Corp.
"hisamitsu", // hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc.
"hitachi", // hitachi Hitachi, Ltd.
"hiv", // hiv dotHIV gemeinnuetziger e.V.
"hkt", // hkt PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited
"hockey", // hockey Half Willow, LLC
"holdings", // holdings John Madison, LLC
"holiday", // holiday Goose Woods, LLC
"homedepot", // homedepot Homer TLC, Inc.
"homegoods", // homegoods The TJX Companies, Inc.
"homes", // homes DERHomes, LLC
"homesense", // homesense The TJX Companies, Inc.
"honda", // honda Honda Motor Co., Ltd.
"honeywell", // honeywell Honeywell GTLD LLC
"horse", // horse Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"hospital", // hospital Ruby Pike, LLC
"host", // host DotHost Inc.
"hosting", // hosting Uniregistry, Corp.
"hot", // hot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"hoteles", // hoteles Travel Reservations SRL
"hotmail", // hotmail Microsoft Corporation
"house", // house Sugar Park, LLC
"how", // how Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"hsbc", // hsbc HSBC Holdings PLC
"htc", // htc HTC corporation
"hughes", // hughes Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation
"hyatt", // hyatt Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C.
"hyundai", // hyundai Hyundai Motor Company
"ibm", // ibm International Business Machines Corporation
"icbc", // icbc Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited
"ice", // ice IntercontinentalExchange, Inc.
"icu", // icu One.com A/S
"ieee", // ieee IEEE Global LLC
"ifm", // ifm ifm electronic gmbh
// "iinet", // iinet Connect West Pty. Ltd. (Retired)
"ikano", // ikano Ikano S.A.
"imamat", // imamat Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
"imdb", // imdb Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"immo", // immo Auburn Bloom, LLC
"immobilien", // immobilien United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"industries", // industries Outer House, LLC
"infiniti", // infiniti NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD.
"info", // info Afilias Limited
"ing", // ing Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"ink", // ink Top Level Design, LLC
"institute", // institute Outer Maple, LLC
"insurance", // insurance fTLD Registry Services LLC
"insure", // insure Pioneer Willow, LLC
"int", // int Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
"intel", // intel Intel Corporation
"international", // international Wild Way, LLC
"intuit", // intuit Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
"investments", // investments Holly Glen, LLC
"ipiranga", // ipiranga Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A.
"irish", // irish Dot-Irish LLC
"iselect", // iselect iSelect Ltd
"ismaili", // ismaili Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation)
"ist", // ist Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
"istanbul", // istanbul Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality / Medya A.S.
"itau", // itau Itau Unibanco Holding S.A.
"itv", // itv ITV Services Limited
"iveco", // iveco CNH Industrial N.V.
"iwc", // iwc Richemont DNS Inc.
"jaguar", // jaguar Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
"java", // java Oracle Corporation
"jcb", // jcb JCB Co., Ltd.
"jcp", // jcp JCP Media, Inc.
"jeep", // jeep FCA US LLC.
"jetzt", // jetzt New TLD Company AB
"jewelry", // jewelry Wild Bloom, LLC
"jio", // jio Affinity Names, Inc.
"jlc", // jlc Richemont DNS Inc.
"jll", // jll Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
"jmp", // jmp Matrix IP LLC
"jnj", // jnj Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.
"jobs", // jobs Employ Media LLC
"joburg", // joburg ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry
"jot", // jot Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"joy", // joy Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"jpmorgan", // jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase & Co.
"jprs", // jprs Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd.
"juegos", // juegos Uniregistry, Corp.
"juniper", // juniper JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC.
"kaufen", // kaufen United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"kddi", // kddi KDDI CORPORATION
"kerryhotels", // kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited
"kerrylogistics", // kerrylogistics Kerry Trading Co. Limited
"kerryproperties", // kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited
"kfh", // kfh Kuwait Finance House
"kia", // kia KIA MOTORS CORPORATION
"kim", // kim Afilias Limited
"kinder", // kinder Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
"kindle", // kindle Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"kitchen", // kitchen Just Goodbye, LLC
"kiwi", // kiwi DOT KIWI LIMITED
"koeln", // koeln NetCologne Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation mbH
"komatsu", // komatsu Komatsu Ltd.
"kosher", // kosher Kosher Marketing Assets LLC
"kpmg", // kpmg KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft)
"kpn", // kpn Koninklijke KPN N.V.
"krd", // krd KRG Department of Information Technology
"kred", // kred KredTLD Pty Ltd
"kuokgroup", // kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited
"kyoto", // kyoto Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen
"lacaixa", // lacaixa CAIXA D'ESTALVIS I PENSIONS DE BARCELONA
"ladbrokes", // ladbrokes LADBROKES INTERNATIONAL PLC
"lamborghini", // lamborghini Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A.
"lamer", // lamer The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.
"lancaster", // lancaster LANCASTER
"lancia", // lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"lancome", // lancome L'Oréal
"land", // land Pine Moon, LLC
"landrover", // landrover Jaguar Land Rover Ltd
"lanxess", // lanxess LANXESS Corporation
"lasalle", // lasalle Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated
"lat", // lat ECOM-LAC Federación de Latinoamérica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrónico
"latino", // latino Dish DBS Corporation
"latrobe", // latrobe La Trobe University
"law", // law Minds + Machines Group Limited
"lawyer", // lawyer United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"lds", // lds IRI Domain Management, LLC
"lease", // lease Victor Trail, LLC
"leclerc", // leclerc A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
"lefrak", // lefrak LeFrak Organization, Inc.
"legal", // legal Blue Falls, LLC
"lego", // lego LEGO Juris A/S
"lexus", // lexus TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
"lgbt", // lgbt Afilias Limited
"liaison", // liaison Liaison Technologies, Incorporated
"lidl", // lidl Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG
"life", // life Trixy Oaks, LLC
"lifeinsurance", // lifeinsurance American Council of Life Insurers
"lifestyle", // lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"lighting", // lighting John McCook, LLC
"like", // like Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"lilly", // lilly Eli Lilly and Company
"limited", // limited Big Fest, LLC
"limo", // limo Hidden Frostbite, LLC
"lincoln", // lincoln Ford Motor Company
"linde", // linde Linde Aktiengesellschaft
"link", // link Uniregistry, Corp.
"lipsy", // lipsy Lipsy Ltd
"live", // live United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"living", // living Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.
"lixil", // lixil LIXIL Group Corporation
"loan", // loan dot Loan Limited
"loans", // loans June Woods, LLC
"locker", // locker Dish DBS Corporation
"locus", // locus Locus Analytics LLC
"loft", // loft Annco, Inc.
"lol", // lol Uniregistry, Corp.
"london", // london Dot London Domains Limited
"lotte", // lotte Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
"lotto", // lotto Afilias Limited
"love", // love Merchant Law Group LLP
"lpl", // lpl LPL Holdings, Inc.
"lplfinancial", // lplfinancial LPL Holdings, Inc.
"ltd", // ltd Over Corner, LLC
"ltda", // ltda InterNetX Corp.
"lundbeck", // lundbeck H. Lundbeck A/S
"lupin", // lupin LUPIN LIMITED
"luxe", // luxe Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"luxury", // luxury Luxury Partners LLC
"macys", // macys Macys, Inc.
"madrid", // madrid Comunidad de Madrid
"maif", // maif Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)
"maison", // maison Victor Frostbite, LLC
"makeup", // makeup L'Oréal
"man", // man MAN SE
"management", // management John Goodbye, LLC
"mango", // mango PUNTO FA S.L.
"market", // market Unitied TLD Holdco, Ltd
"marketing", // marketing Fern Pass, LLC
"markets", // markets DOTMARKETS REGISTRY LTD
"marriott", // marriott Marriott Worldwide Corporation
"marshalls", // marshalls The TJX Companies, Inc.
"maserati", // maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V.
"mattel", // mattel Mattel Sites, Inc.
"mba", // mba Lone Hollow, LLC
"mcd", // mcd McDonald’s Corporation
"mcdonalds", // mcdonalds McDonald’s Corporation
"mckinsey", // mckinsey McKinsey Holdings, Inc.
"med", // med Medistry LLC
"media", // media Grand Glen, LLC
"meet", // meet Afilias Limited
"melbourne", // melbourne The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation
"meme", // meme Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"memorial", // memorial Dog Beach, LLC
"men", // men Exclusive Registry Limited
"menu", // menu Wedding TLD2, LLC
"meo", // meo PT Comunicacoes S.A.
"metlife", // metlife MetLife Services and Solutions, LLC
"miami", // miami Top Level Domain Holdings Limited
"microsoft", // microsoft Microsoft Corporation
"mil", // mil DoD Network Information Center
"mini", // mini Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
"mint", // mint Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.
"mit", // mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology
"mitsubishi", // mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation
"mlb", // mlb MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC
"mls", // mls The Canadian Real Estate Association
"mma", // mma MMA IARD
"mobi", // mobi Afilias Technologies Limited dba dotMobi
"mobile", // mobile Dish DBS Corporation
"mobily", // mobily GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.
"moda", // moda United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"moe", // moe Interlink Co., Ltd.
"moi", // moi Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
"mom", // mom Uniregistry, Corp.
"monash", // monash Monash University
"money", // money Outer McCook, LLC
"monster", // monster Monster Worldwide, Inc.
"montblanc", // montblanc Richemont DNS Inc.
"mopar", // mopar FCA US LLC.
"mormon", // mormon IRI Domain Management, LLC ("Applicant")
"mortgage", // mortgage United TLD Holdco, Ltd
"moscow", // moscow Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID)
"moto", // moto Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC
"motorcycles", // motorcycles DERMotorcycles, LLC
"mov", // mov Charleston Road Registry Inc.
"movie", // movie New Frostbite, LLC
"movistar", // movistar Telefónica S.A.
"msd", // msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.
"mtn", // mtn MTN Dubai Limited
"mtpc", // mtpc Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
"mtr", // mtr MTR Corporation Limited
"museum", // museum Museum Domain Management Association
"mutual", // mutual Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC
// "mutuelle", // mutuelle Fédération Nationale de la Mutualité Française (Retired)
"nab", // nab National Australia Bank Limited
"nadex", // nadex Nadex Domains, Inc
"nagoya", // nagoya GMO Registry, Inc.
"name", // name VeriSign Information Services, Inc.
"nationwide", // nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company
"natura", // natura NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A.
"navy", // navy United TLD Holdco Ltd.
"nba", // nba NBA REGISTRY, LLC