The gases that cars and trucks release into the air make the problem of global warming even worse. The pollution problem that threatens all life on Earth has gotten worse as the number of vehicles used for daily movement has grown at an exponential rate. Several environmental groups are now looking into how to make cars that are better for the earth. A number of countries have also made green driving laws and devices mandatory. Intersections of roads are thought to use a lot of gas across the network of roads. It takes a lot of power to stop moving cars and start stopped cars moving again at these crossings. This paper presents SmartLight, a smart traffic light scheduling algorithm that manages the different types of traffic at road intersections. Its goal is to lower the total amount of fuel that cars use, which in turn lowers the amount of pollution they make. The phases of each traffic light are mostly based on the layout of the road intersection, the context of the rival traffic flows, and the real-time traffic characteristics of each flow. The stages of the traffic light cycle are set up so that emergency vehicles can go through the intersection without having to stop. Once that is done, the traffic flow with the most heavy cars or the most weight is given the highest priority to go through the signalized intersection. Lastly, to make sure that everyone gets a fair share of the signalized crossing, the average amount of time that each flow has to wait should not go over a certain limit. The time for each phase is set by how long the platoons of vehicles are that are planned for that phase from different traffic flows that are not backed up. An experiment was done to see how well the new algorithm (SmartLight) worked compared to older traffic light scheduling algorithms in terms of how much fuel it used, how much gas it released, how long cars had to wait in line, and how fast the intersection could move traffic.
Vehicles need fuel to get the power they need to travel on the road network. When fuel is burned, it releases gases into the air that are bad for the environment and make global warming worse [1]. Lighter vehicles, smaller vehicles, electric vehicles, and solar vehicles have all been made to use less fuel and release less pollution [2]. It's also possible for traditional cars to be designed more efficiently by changing things like the engine, the transmission, or the tires to have low rolling resistance. In addition, one or more of the following technologies have been used to make engine designs more efficient: cylinder deactivation, turbochargers, fuel direct injection, valve timing, and lift technologies [3]. More gears, continuously variable transmissions, and/or dual-clutch transmissions have been added to the transmission systems of current fuel-efficient cars [4]. These methods help to lower the amount of fuel that traveling cars use. And the science behind low rolling resistance tires makes it so that tires lose less energy when they roll under heavy loads [5].
On the other hand, efficient driving has also been named as one of the key areas that aims to lower the fuel and gas emissions of vehicles. A number of classes have been suggested to teach drivers how to drive more efficiently. The way people drive affects how much gas cars use by 30% to 50% on average [6]. To sum this up, stay away from high, oscillate, and rest speeds. Smooth acceleration and deceleration, on the other hand, are general good driving tips that help cars use less gas [7, 8]. Along the road networks, road crossings are thought to use a lot of gas. This is because of the driving that needs to be done there. When the car stops in the conflicted flows, it loses its forward momentum. Then, starting up the stopped cars again takes more power to get them to the speed limit. The more weight a car has, the more forward momentum it loses when it stops and the more power it needs to start up again. Also, the speed of the car has a direct effect on how much power is wasted and needed at the intersection.
To keep the different traffic flows under control at road intersections [9, 10], driving jobs, stop signs, and roundabouts are used. On the other hand, traffic lights are the most advanced technology used to manage traffic at corner roads. At road intersections, traffic lights are put in place to safely plan the different flows of traffic that come together. The number of competing traffic flows is based on how the location is set up. That is, different types of intersections give you different schedule choices. At T-intersections, there are six different traffic flows, and two or three of them can be planned to go through at the same time [11]. At four-leg road crossings, on the other hand, there are twelve different traffic flows, and four of them can happen at any given time. For different types of road intersections [12, 13, 14], you need different scheduling methods.
We want to improve our previously published efficient traffic light scheduling algorithm [15] for a wider range of types of road intersections in this work. This algorithm looks at how safe traveling cars are, how efficiently traffic flows, how much fuel is used, and how much gas is released. First, the number of competing traffic flows at each structure and the number of ways that flows can be scheduled to run at the same time are looked into. After that, the average speed, density, and other traffic characteristics of each flow are studied and analyzed in order to set objectives and schedule times. Also, the situation of each wave of traffic at the signalized road intersection needs to be thought about. When it comes to scheduling, heavy vehicles, emergency vehicles, and public transportation are given higher rankings than regular vehicles. To improve the green conditions at the signalized intersection, the last stages of each traffic light are set in the right way. The main thing we're looking into in this work is how regular cars should behave around signalized road intersections.
Here's how the rest of this paper is put together: In Section 2, we look at some old, effective traffic light scheduling methods. In Section 3, the types of designed road intersections, the different traffic flows that could happen at each topology, and the scheduling choices are shown. In Section 4, we talk about the types of traffic that are looked at and the situations in which they happen. In Section 5, the fuel consumption models are shown so that you can figure out how much fuel each car will need to get through a certain area or path. In Section 6, the suggested smart traffic light scheduling method (SmartLight) for various types of road intersections is explained. These algorithms have been tested in a simulated setting and compared to older algorithms to see how well they work. Finally, Section 8 wraps up the work.
Several different types of traffic run through the same road intersection at the same time. Protocols for driving assistants have looked into how traffic moves at these locations and what the best routes are for drivers. Many people think that traffic lights are the best way to handle the different flows of traffic at road intersections. As complex ways of controlling things, they need good scheduling methods to make sure that different traffic flows can share safely and effectively.
Road networks are built as the main type of infrastructure that lets cars move between cities and counties. The better the network, the more roads there are because there are more ways to get to any place. Any area with a road network will have a number of road crossings, which are places where two or more roads meet. At these intersections, there are places where traveling cars might collide, which could cause accidents. How many
At road intersections, different types of traffic meet and share the same road intersection on their way to their places. Some of these traffic flows can go through the crossing at the same time, but others will have to wait for each other. Traffic lights are put in place to make sure that all the different traffic flows can safely share these road crossings. This is done by putting all the lines that aren't blocked on one phase and giving each phase a different amount of time. The usual traffic
During their trips, special equipment can be used to measure how much fuel and gas traveling cars use. Several mathematical models have also been suggested as a way to guess these parameters for each car before they start their trip. First, the shape, weight, and size of the car affect how much gas it uses and how much it emits. Second, the form, slope, gradient, and conditions of the road affect how much fuel is used. These factors stay the same for
This part of the paper is supposed to show you effective traffic light scheduling methods for various types of signalized road intersections. Section 3 shows a few different types of signalized road intersections and the different traffic light schedule phases (sets of unobstructed traffic flows that can go through the intersection at the same time) that can be used for each type. There are two main steps to making a good traffic light scheduling program. The traits of the traffic are gathered.
The proposed algorithm (SmartLight) has been tested against two other algorithms that have been presented before [12], [22]. There have been thirty different ways that each experiment has been run. The first algorithm, called ITLC [12], mostly looked at when cars in different traffic flows got to the signalized crossing. This program also looks at the amount of traffic in each flow to set the timing of the traffic lights so that more traffic can get through.
In this study, we present SmartLight, an effective traffic light scheduling algorithm that works at a variety of types of road intersections. This program looks at the current situation and the types of traffic in the different flows. It gives emergency cars the most time to get through the signalized intersection. After that, the traffic that is moving the slowest is given the option to go through the signalized intersection first. This is to keep from stopping
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