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---
title: "Advanced Visualizations"
subtitle: "Programming for Statistical Science"
author: "Shawn Santo"
institute: ""
date: ""
output:
xaringan::moon_reader:
css: "slides.css"
lib_dir: libs
nature:
highlightStyle: github
highlightLines: true
countIncrementalSlides: false
editor_options:
chunk_output_type: console
---
```{r include=FALSE}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE, message = FALSE, warning = FALSE,
comment = "#>", highlight = TRUE,
fig.align = "center")
```
## Supplementary materials
Full video lecture available in Zoom Cloud Recordings
Additional resources
- [Extend ggplot2](https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/articles/extending-ggplot2.html)
by creating your own stat, geom, and theme
- [Network visualization with `ggraph`](https://ggraph.data-imaginist.com)
- [Plotly ggplot2 library](https://plotly.com/ggplot2/)
- [Template themes with `ggthemes`](https://github.com/jrnold/ggthemes)
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# `ggplot2` extensions
---
## Packages
For these slides we will use the following packages.
.normal[
```{r}
library(tidyverse)
library(gapminder) # some data
library(ggcorrplot) # correlogram plots
library(ggpol) # parliament plots and more
library(patchwork) # combining plots
library(gganimate) # animations
library(ggiraph) # interactive plots
```
]
Install any CRAN packages you do not have with
`install.packages("package_name")`. Package `patchwork` needs to be installed
by running `devtools::install_github("thomasp85/patchwork")`.
<br><br><br><br>
**Code not shown for plots is available in the presentation notes. Press `P`.**
---
## Data: Flint water crisis
```{r}
flint <- read_csv("http://www2.stat.duke.edu/~sms185/data/health/flint.csv")
flint
```
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Correlogram: `ggcorrplot`
---
## Full matrix
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=6, fig.height=6, cache=TRUE}
corr_mat <- round(cor(flint[, c("draw1", "draw2", "draw3")]), 2)
ggcorrplot(corr = corr_mat, lab = TRUE)
```
]
---
## Full matrix
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=6, fig.height=6, cache=TRUE}
ggcorrplot(corr = corr_mat, method = "circle", type = "full", lab = TRUE, #<<
colors = c("tomato2", "white", "springgreen3"), #<<
ggtheme = theme_bw) #<<
```
]
---
## Lower triangular
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=5.5, fig.height=5.5, cache=TRUE}
lbl <- c("0 sec", "45 sec", "120 sec")
ggcorrplot(corr = corr_mat, method = "circle", type = "lower", lab = TRUE, #<<
colors = c("tomato2", "white", "springgreen3"), ggtheme = theme_bw) +
labs(title = "Water sample lead correlations") + #<<
scale_x_discrete(labels = lbl[2:3]) + #<<
scale_y_discrete(labels = lbl[1:2]) #<<
```
]
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Parliament plots: `ggpol`
---
## Data: Congressional seats
```{r}
congress <- read_csv("http://www2.stat.duke.edu/~sms185/data/politics/congress_long.csv")
congress
```
---
## Parliament plot
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4}
ggplot(data = congress[congress$year_start == 1913 & congress$branch == "house", ]) +
geom_parliament(aes(seats = seats, fill = factor(party)), show.legend = TRUE, color = "black") + #<<
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#3A89CB", "#D65454", "#BF6FF0", "Grey"),
labels = c("Dem", "GOP", "Other", "Vacant")) +
labs(fill = "Party") +
coord_fixed() +
theme_void(base_size = 20)
```
]
---
## Annotation
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=8, fig.height=4}
ggplot(data = congress[congress$year_start == 1913 & congress$branch == "house", ]) +
geom_parliament(aes(seats = seats, fill = factor(party)), show.legend = TRUE, color = "black") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#3A89CB", "#D65454", "#BF6FF0", "Grey"),
labels = c("Dem", "GOP", "Other", "Vacant")) +
annotate("text", x = 0, y = .5, label = "1913 House", size = 12) + #<<
labs(fill = "Party") +
coord_fixed() +
theme_void(base_size = 20)
```
]
---
## Package `ggpol`
- Package `ggpol` supports a few other `geom` functions:
- `geom_arcbar()`,
- `geom_bartext()`,
- `geom_circle()`,
- `geom_tshighlight()`,
- `geom_boxjitter()`.
- See https://github.com/erocoar/ggpol
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Organizing plots: package `patchwork`
---
## My function: `plot_congress()`
.tiny[
```{r}
plot_congress <- function(data, year, leg_branch, legend = TRUE, text_size = 8) {
data %>%
filter(year_start == year, branch == leg_branch) %>%
ggplot() +
geom_parliament(aes(seats = seats, fill = factor(party)),
show.legend = legend, color = "black") +
scale_fill_manual(values = c("#3A89CB", "#D65454", "#BF6FF0", "Grey"),
labels = c("Dem", "GOP", "Other", "Vacant")) +
annotate("text", x = 0, y = .5, label = paste(year, leg_branch),
size = text_size) +
labs(fill = "Party") +
coord_fixed() +
theme_void(base_size = 20)
}
```
]
Use package `patchwork` to organize multiple plots in a single window. No need
to facet.
```{r}
my_plot <- ggplot()
class(my_plot)
```
---
## Plot creation
```{r}
ph_1993 <- plot_congress(congress, 1993, "house")
ph_2001 <- plot_congress(congress, 2001, "house", legend = FALSE)
ph_2009 <- plot_congress(congress, 2009, "house", legend = FALSE)
ph_2017 <- plot_congress(congress, 2017, "house", legend = FALSE)
```
<br/>
Object `ph_1993` has a legend, the rest do not.
---
## Horizontal patchwork
```{r fig.width=14, fig.height=8, cache=TRUE}
ph_1993 + ph_2017
```
---
## Vertical patchwork
```{r fig.width=14, fig.height=8, cache=TRUE}
ph_1993 + ph_2017 + plot_layout(ncol = 1)
```
---
## Group patchwork
```{r fig.width=16, fig.height=10, cache=TRUE}
ph_1993 + (ph_2001 + ph_2009) + ph_2017 + plot_layout(ncol = 1, widths = 1)
```
---
```{r fig.width=16, fig.height=10, cache=TRUE}
(ph_1993 | ph_2001) / (ph_2009 | ph_2017)
```
---
```{r echo=FALSE}
ps_1993 <- plot_congress(congress, 1993, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
ps_2001 <- plot_congress(congress, 2001, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
ps_2009 <- plot_congress(congress, 2009, "senate", legend = TRUE, text_size = 6)
ps_2017 <- plot_congress(congress, 2017, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
```
```{r fig.width=12, cache=F}
(ps_1993 | ps_2001 | ps_2009) / ps_2017 + plot_layout(widths = 1)
```
???
.tiny[
```{r}
ps_1993 <- plot_congress(congress, 1993, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
ps_2001 <- plot_congress(congress, 2001, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
ps_2009 <- plot_congress(congress, 2009, "senate", legend = TRUE, text_size = 6)
ps_2017 <- plot_congress(congress, 2017, "senate", legend = FALSE, text_size = 6)
```
]
---
## Package `patchwork`
- Supports operators `+`, `-`, `|` (besides), `/` (over)
- Specify layouts and spacing with `plot_layout()`, `plot_spacer()`,
respectively
- Add grouping with `{ }` or `( )`
- Use `&` or `*` to add elements to all subplots, `*` only affects current
nesting level
- See https://github.com/thomasp85/patchwork
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# GIF: `gifski`
---
## Using `gifski`
```{r cache=TRUE, echo=FALSE, animation.hook="gifski", interval = .75, fig.width=12, fig.height=7, fig.cap="Dem: blue, GOP: red, Other: purple, Vacant: grey"}
for (i in seq(1913, 2019, 2)) {
print({
plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "house", legend = FALSE)
})
}
```
???
````markdown
`r ''````{r eval=FALSE, echo=FALSE, animation.hook="gifski", interval = .75, fig.width=12, fig.height=7, fig.cap="Dem: blue, GOP: red, Other: purple, Vacant: grey"}
for (i in seq(1913, 2019, 2)) {
print({
plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "house", legend = FALSE)
})
}
```
````
---
## Fast GIF with patchwork
```{r cache=TRUE, echo=FALSE, animation.hook="gifski", interval = .1, fig.width=12, fig.height=8}
for (i in seq(1913, 2019, 2)) {
p_h <- plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "house", legend = FALSE)
p_s <- plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "senate", legend = FALSE)
print({p_s + p_h + plot_layout(ncol = 1)})
}
```
???
````markdown
`r ''````{{r cache=TRUE, echo=FALSE, animation.hook="gifski", interval = .1, fig.width=12, fig.height=8}
for (i in seq(1913, 2019, 2)) {
p_h <- plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "house", legend = FALSE)
p_s <- plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "senate", legend = FALSE)
print({p_s + p_h + plot_layout(ncol = 1)})
}
```
````
---
## Creating a GIF
1. Install `gifski` with `install.packages("gifski")`
2. Use chunk options
````markdown
`r ''````{r animation.hook="gifski", interval = .75}
```
````
3. Add code for plots in a loop
````markdown
`r ''````{r animation.hook="gifski", interval = .75}
for (i in seq(1913, 2019, 2)) {
print({
plot_congress(congress, year = i, leg_branch = "house", legend = FALSE)
})
}
```
````
4. To speed up future knits use chunk option `cache=TRUE`.
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Animation: `gganimate()`
---
## Data: `gapminder`
```{r}
library(gapminder)
gapminder
```
---
## Nothing new
.tiny[
```{r fig.width=12, fig.height=6}
ggplot(gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, size = pop, colour = country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
scale_x_log10() +
facet_wrap(~continent) +
theme_bw(base_size = 16)
```
]
---
## Animate with `gganimate()`
```{r cache=TRUE, echo=FALSE, fig.width=12, fig.height=7}
ggplot(gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, size = pop, colour = country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
scale_x_log10() +
facet_wrap(~continent) +
theme_bw(base_size = 16) +
labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}', x = 'GDP per capita', y = 'Life expectancy') + #<<
transition_time(year) + #<<
ease_aes('linear') #<<
```
---
## What did we add?
Base plot
.tiny[
```{r eval=FALSE}
ggplot(gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, size = pop, colour = country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
scale_x_log10() +
facet_wrap(~continent) +
theme_bw(base_size = 16)
```
]
--
Transform to animation
.tiny[
```{r eval=FALSE}
ggplot(gapminder, aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp, size = pop, colour = country)) +
geom_point(alpha = 0.7, show.legend = FALSE) +
scale_colour_manual(values = country_colors) +
scale_size(range = c(2, 12)) +
scale_x_log10() +
facet_wrap(~continent) +
theme_bw(base_size = 16) +
labs(title = 'Year: {frame_time}', x = 'GDP per capita', y = 'Life expectancy') + #<<
transition_time(year) + #<<
ease_aes('linear') #<<
```
]
---
## Package `gganimate`
- Core functions
- `transition_*()` defines how the data should be spread out and how it
relates to itself across time.
- `view_*()` defines how the positional scales should change along the
animation.
- `shadow_*()` defines how data from other points in time should be presented
in the given point in time.
- `enter_*()` / `exit_*()` defines how new data should appear and how old data
should disappear during the course of the animation.
- `ease_aes()` defines how different aesthetics should be eased during
transitions.
- Label variables
- function dependent, use `{` `}` to access their values.
- See https://gganimate.com
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Interactive plots: `ggiraph`
---
## Data: NC births and SID
```{r}
nc <- read_csv("http://www2.stat.duke.edu/~sms185/data/health/nc_birth_sid.csv")
nc
```
---
## Standard scatter plot
.tiny[
```{r echo=FALSE, fig.width=10, fig.height=7}
ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point(size = 4, alpha = .5) +
theme_minimal()
```
]
---
## Which counties are these?
.tiny[
```{r echo=FALSE}
gg_name <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(tooltip = NAME), size = 4, alpha = .5) +
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_name)}, height_svg = 6, width_svg = 9)
```
]
---
## What changed?
A scatter plot with `geom_point()`
```{r eval=FALSE}
ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point(size = 4, alpha = .5) +
theme_minimal()
```
--
<br/><br/>
A scatter plot with `geom_point_interactive()` and aesthetic `tooltip`
```{r eval=FALSE}
gg_name <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(tooltip = NAME), size = 4, alpha = .5) + #<<
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_name)}, height_svg = 6, width_svg = 9) #<<
```
---
## On hover functionality
```{r echo=FALSE}
gg_hover <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(data_id = NAME, tooltip = NAME), size = 4, alpha = .5) + #<<
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_hover)}, height_svg = 6, width_svg = 9)
```
---
## What changed?
A scatter plot with `geom_point_interactive()` and aesthetic `tooltip`
```{r eval=FALSE}
gg_name <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(tooltip = NAME), size = 4, alpha = .5) + #<<
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_name)}, height_svg = 6, width_svg = 9)
```
--
<br/><br/>
On hover functionality with `data_id` and aesthetics `tooltip` and `data_id`
```{r eval=FALSE}
gg_hover <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(data_id = NAME, tooltip = NAME), #<<
size = 4, alpha = .5) +
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_hover)}, height_svg = 6, width_svg = 9)
```
---
## On click functionality
Use aesthetic `onclick`.
```{r eval=FALSE}
nc$wiki <- paste0('window.open(\"', "https://www.ncpedia.org/geography/",
tolower(nc$NAME), '\")')
gg_name <- ggplot(nc, mapping = aes(x = AREA, y = BIR74)) +
geom_point_interactive(aes(tooltip = NAME, onclick = wiki), size = 4, alpha = .5) + #<<
theme_minimal()
girafe(code = {print(gg_name)})
```
---
## Package `ggiraph`
- Add tooltips, animations, and JavaScript actions to ggplot graphics
- In general, instead of `geom_<plot_type>()` use
`geom_<plot_type>_interactive()`
- Interactivity is added to ggplot geometries, legends and theme elements,
via the following aesthetics:
- tooltip: tooltips to be displayed when mouse is over elements.
- onclick: JavaScript function to be executed when elements are clicked.
- data_id: id to be associated with elements (used for hover and click actions)
- Function `girafe()` translates the graphic into an interactive web-based
graphic
- See https://github.com/davidgohel/ggiraph
---
class: inverse, center, middle
# Exercise
---
## Flint water data
Create a visualization of the data from object `flint`. Incorporate topics
from today's lecture.
```{r}
flint <- read_csv("http://www2.stat.duke.edu/~sms185/data/health/flint.csv")
flint
```
---
## References
1. A Grammar of Animated Graphics. (2020).
https://gganimate.com/
2. Create GIFs with gifski in knitr Documents - Yihui Xie | 谢益辉. (2020).
https://yihui.org/en/2018/08/gifski-knitr/
3. davidgohel/ggiraph. (2020).
https://github.com/davidgohel/ggiraph
4. erocoar/ggpol. (2020).
https://github.com/erocoar/ggpol
5. Extending ggplot2. (2020).
https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/articles/extending-ggplot2.html
6. thomasp85/patchwork. (2020).
https://github.com/thomasp85/patchwork
7. Top 50 ggplot2 Visualizations - The Master List (With Full R Code). (2020).
http://r-statistics.co/Top50-Ggplot2-Visualizations-MasterList-R-Code.html