Added support to write nested parquet

[jorgecarleitao]

This PR adds support to write StructArray (and likely arbitrary nested, but more testing is required).

• Closes Require one encoding per parquet column on write #1012
• Closes Writing of ListArray does not preserve all values #1008
• Closes Write a two-dimensional list to parquet file failed #992
• Closes Writing to Parquet fails for extension types that contain lists #830

I expect the operation to be (per array) O(N * D * C) (worse case) where:

• D is the max depth
• N the number of items.
• C is the number of leaf parquet columns

The main idea in this PR: given a (potentially nested) parquet field (ParquetType) and an Array,

1. create a Vec<Nested> containing the validities and lengths of each nest level.
2. map Vec<Nested> to iterators of rep and def levels.
3. encode the iterators

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1007 (339668e) into main (a10db3a) will increase coverage by 0.23%.
The diff coverage is 77.74%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1007      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   71.42%   71.65%   +0.23%     
==========================================
  Files         356      359       +3     
  Lines       19784    20037     +253     
==========================================
+ Hits        14131    14358     +227     
- Misses       5653     5679      +26     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/io/parquet/write/sink.rs	71.42% <ø> (ø)
src/io/parquet/write/mod.rs	61.62% <53.22%> (+3.00%)	⬆️
src/io/parquet/write/pages.rs	65.62% <65.62%> (ø)
src/io/parquet/write/row_group.rs	82.05% <76.92%> (-2.80%)	⬇️
src/io/parquet/write/binary/nested.rs	78.94% <80.00%> (-7.42%)	⬇️
src/io/parquet/write/primitive/nested.rs	76.19% <80.00%> (-7.15%)	⬇️
src/io/parquet/write/utf8/nested.rs	78.94% <80.00%> (-7.42%)	⬇️
src/io/parquet/write/nested/def.rs	86.95% <86.95%> (ø)
src/io/parquet/write/nested/rep.rs	92.72% <92.72%> (ø)
src/io/parquet/write/nested/mod.rs	96.61% <96.61%> (ø)
... and 9 more

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[jorgecarleitao]

This is now ready - more tests, generalized to arbitrary nesting, and tests demo that we can write StructArray.

[ritchie46]

Awesome work @jorgecarleitao!

[ahmedriza]

Many thanks for the quick fix @jorgecarleitao. Fantastic work.

[ahmedriza]

Tested a different, two level nested Parquet against this branch. Unfortunately, the Parquet reading fails. Submitted a separate issue: #1014.