Added property testing

[jorgecarleitao]

This PR adds a couple of tests using proptest, a testing framework to test code invariants. See here or here for an introduction to the subject.

This framework is being used by the portable SIMD group, and in my opinion it makes a lot of sense here also, since we can rigorously declare and test the properties of our operations.

[jorgecarleitao]

Failing MIRI is related to proptest using clib::getcwd, which is not supported in isolation mode. Question posed upstream.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #460 (83d67ba) into main (90887c2) will decrease coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #460      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   80.01%   80.00%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         371      371              
  Lines       22833    22925      +92     
==========================================
+ Hits        18269    18340      +71     
- Misses       4564     4585      +21     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
tests/it/array/binary/mutable.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
tests/it/array/utf8/mutable.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
tests/it/bitmap/bitmap_ops.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
tests/it/bitmap/mod.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
tests/it/bitmap/utils/mod.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
tests/it/bitmap/utils/slice_iterator.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (+1.09%)	⬆️
src/io/avro/read/schema.rs	42.52% <0.00%> (-1.15%)	⬇️
src/ffi/mod.rs	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
tests/it/io/csv/write.rs	96.15% <0.00%> (+0.40%)	⬆️
src/compute/arithmetics/time.rs	46.93% <0.00%> (+2.04%)	⬆️
... and 5 more

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