registry.rb

# frozen_string_literal: false
require 'win32/importer'
require 'Win32API'

module Win32

=begin rdoc
= Win32 Registry

win32/registry is registry accessor library for Win32 platform.
It uses importer to call Win32 Registry APIs.

== example
  Win32::Registry::HKEY_CURRENT_USER.open('SOFTWARE\foo') do |reg|
    value = reg['foo']                               # read a value
    value = reg['foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ]      # read a value with type
    type, value = reg.read('foo')                    # read a value
    reg['foo'] = 'bar'                               # write a value
    reg['foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ] = 'bar'      # write a value with type
    reg.write('foo', Win32::Registry::REG_SZ, 'bar') # write a value

    reg.each_value { |name, type, data| ... }        # Enumerate values
    reg.each_key { |key, wtime| ... }                # Enumerate subkeys

    reg.delete_value(name)                         # Delete a value
    reg.delete_key(name)                           # Delete a subkey
    reg.delete_key(name, true)                     # Delete a subkey recursively
  end

= Reference

== Win32::Registry class

--- info

--- num_keys

--- max_key_length

--- num_values

--- max_value_name_length

--- max_value_length

--- descriptor_length

--- wtime
    Returns an item of key information.

=== constants
--- HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT

--- HKEY_CURRENT_USER

--- HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

--- HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA

--- HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG

--- HKEY_DYN_DATA

    Win32::Registry object whose key is predefined key.
For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/predefined_keys.asp] article.

=end rdoc

  WCHAR = Encoding::UTF_16LE
  WCHAR_NUL = "\0".encode(WCHAR).freeze
  WCHAR_CR = "\r".encode(WCHAR).freeze
  WCHAR_SIZE = WCHAR_NUL.bytesize
  LOCALE = Encoding.find(Encoding.locale_charmap)

  class Registry

    #
    # For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/registry.asp].
    #
    # --- HKEY_*
    #
    #     Predefined key ((*handle*)).
    #     These are Integer, not Win32::Registry.
    #
    # --- REG_*
    #
    #     Registry value type.
    #
    # --- KEY_*
    #
    #     Security access mask.
    #
    # --- KEY_OPTIONS_*
    #
    #     Key options.
    #
    # --- REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY
    #
    # --- REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY
    #
    #     If the key is created newly or opened existing key.
    #     See also Registry#disposition method.
    module Constants
      HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT = 0x80000000
      HKEY_CURRENT_USER = 0x80000001
      HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE = 0x80000002
      HKEY_USERS = 0x80000003
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_DATA = 0x80000004
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_TEXT = 0x80000050
      HKEY_PERFORMANCE_NLSTEXT = 0x80000060
      HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG = 0x80000005
      HKEY_DYN_DATA = 0x80000006

      REG_NONE = 0
      REG_SZ = 1
      REG_EXPAND_SZ = 2
      REG_BINARY = 3
      REG_DWORD = 4
      REG_DWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 4
      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN = 5
      REG_LINK = 6
      REG_MULTI_SZ = 7
      REG_RESOURCE_LIST = 8
      REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR = 9
      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST = 10
      REG_QWORD = 11
      REG_QWORD_LITTLE_ENDIAN = 11

      STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ = 0x00020000
      STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE = 0x00020000
      KEY_QUERY_VALUE = 0x0001
      KEY_SET_VALUE = 0x0002
      KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY = 0x0004
      KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS = 0x0008
      KEY_NOTIFY = 0x0010
      KEY_CREATE_LINK = 0x0020
      KEY_READ = STANDARD_RIGHTS_READ |
        KEY_QUERY_VALUE | KEY_ENUMERATE_SUB_KEYS | KEY_NOTIFY
      KEY_WRITE = STANDARD_RIGHTS_WRITE |
        KEY_SET_VALUE | KEY_CREATE_SUB_KEY
      KEY_EXECUTE = KEY_READ
      KEY_ALL_ACCESS = KEY_READ | KEY_WRITE | KEY_CREATE_LINK

      REG_OPTION_RESERVED = 0x0000
      REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE = 0x0000
      REG_OPTION_VOLATILE = 0x0001
      REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK = 0x0002
      REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE = 0x0004
      REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK = 0x0008
      REG_LEGAL_OPTION = REG_OPTION_RESERVED |
        REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE | REG_OPTION_CREATE_LINK |
        REG_OPTION_BACKUP_RESTORE | REG_OPTION_OPEN_LINK

      REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY = 1
      REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY = 2

      REG_WHOLE_HIVE_VOLATILE = 0x0001
      REG_REFRESH_HIVE = 0x0002
      REG_NO_LAZY_FLUSH = 0x0004
      REG_FORCE_RESTORE = 0x0008

      MAX_KEY_LENGTH = 514
      MAX_VALUE_LENGTH = 32768
    end
    include Constants
    include Enumerable

    #
    # Error
    #
    class Error < ::StandardError
      FormatMessageW = Win32API.new('kernel32.dll', 'FormatMessageW', 'LPLLPLP', 'L')
      def initialize(code)
        @code = code
        buff = WCHAR_NUL * 1024
        lang = 0
        begin
          len = FormatMessageW.call(0x1200, 0, code, lang, buff, 1024, 0)
          msg = buff.byteslice(0, len * WCHAR_SIZE)
          msg.delete!(WCHAR_CR)
          msg.chomp!
          msg.encode!(LOCALE)
        rescue EncodingError
          raise unless lang == 0
          lang = 0x0409         # en_US
          retry
        end
        super msg
      end
      attr_reader :code
    end

    #
    # Predefined Keys
    #
    class PredefinedKey < Registry
      def initialize(hkey, keyname)
        @hkey = hkey
        @parent = nil
        @keyname = keyname
        @disposition = REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY
      end

      # Predefined keys cannot be closed
      def close
        raise Error.new(5) ## ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
      end

      # Fake #class method for Registry#open, Registry#create
      def class
        Registry
      end

      # Make all
      Constants.constants.grep(/^HKEY_/) do |c|
        Registry.const_set c, new(Constants.const_get(c), c)
      end
    end

    #
    # Win32 APIs
    #
    module API
      include Constants
      [
        %w/RegOpenKeyExA    LPLLP        L/,
        %w/RegCreateKeyExA  LPLLLLPPP    L/,
        %w/RegEnumValueA    LLPPPPPP     L/,
        %w/RegEnumKeyExA    LLPPLLLP     L/,
        %w/RegQueryValueExA LPLPPP       L/,
        %w/RegSetValueExA   LPLLPL       L/,
        %w/RegOpenKeyExW    LPLLP        L/,
        %w/RegCreateKeyExW  LPLLLLPPP    L/,
        %w/RegEnumValueW    LLPPPPPP     L/,
        %w/RegEnumKeyExW    LLPPLLLP     L/,
        %w/RegQueryValueExW LPLPPP       L/,
        %w/RegSetValueExW   LPLLPL       L/,
        %w/RegDeleteValue   LP           L/,
        %w/RegDeleteKey     LP           L/,
        %w/RegFlushKey      L            L/,
        %w/RegCloseKey      L            L/,
        %w/RegQueryInfoKey  LPPPPPPPPPPP L/,
      ].each do |fn|
        const_set fn[0].intern, Win32API.new('advapi32.dll', *fn)
      end

      module_function

      def check(result)
        raise Error, result, caller(1) if result != 0
      end

      def win64?
        /^(?:x64|x86_64)/ =~ RUBY_PLATFORM
      end

      def packhandle(h)
        win64? ? packqw(h) : packdw(h)
      end

      def unpackhandle(h)
        win64? ? unpackqw(h) : unpackdw(h)
      end

      def packdw(dw)
        [dw].pack('V')
      end

      def unpackdw(dw)
        dw += [0].pack('V')
        dw.unpack('V')[0]
      end

      def packqw(qw)
        [ qw & 0xFFFFFFFF, qw >> 32 ].pack('VV')
      end

      def unpackqw(qw)
        qw = qw.unpack('VV')
        (qw[1] << 32) | qw[0]
      end

      def make_wstr(str)
        str.encode(WCHAR) + 0.chr.encode(WCHAR)
      end

      def OpenKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
        result = packhandle(0)
        check RegOpenKeyExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), opt, desired, result)
        unpackhandle(result)
      end

      def CreateKey(hkey, name, opt, desired)
        result = packhandle(0)
        disp = packdw(0)
        check RegCreateKeyExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), 0, 0, opt, desired,
                                   0, result, disp)
        [ unpackhandle(result), unpackdw(disp) ]
      end

      def EnumValue(hkey, index)
        name = WCHAR_NUL * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
        check RegEnumValueW.call(hkey, index, name, size, 0, 0, 0, 0)
        name.byteslice(0, unpackdw(size) * WCHAR_SIZE)
      end

      def EnumKey(hkey, index)
        name = WCHAR_NUL * Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH
        size = packdw(Constants::MAX_KEY_LENGTH)
        wtime = ' ' * 8
        check RegEnumKeyExW.call(hkey, index, name, size, 0, 0, 0, wtime)
        [ name.byteslice(0, unpackdw(size) * WCHAR_SIZE), unpackqw(wtime) ]
      end

      def QueryValue(hkey, name)
        type = packdw(0)
        size = packdw(0)
        name = make_wstr(name)
        check RegQueryValueExW.call(hkey, name, 0, type, 0, size)
        data = "\0".force_encoding('ASCII-8BIT') * unpackdw(size)
        check RegQueryValueExW.call(hkey, name, 0, type, data, size)
        [ unpackdw(type), data[0, unpackdw(size)] ]
      end

      def SetValue(hkey, name, type, data, size)
        case type
        when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ, REG_MULTI_SZ
          data = data.encode(WCHAR)
          size ||= data.bytesize + WCHAR_SIZE
        end
        check RegSetValueExW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name), 0, type, data, size)
      end

      def DeleteValue(hkey, name)
        check RegDeleteValueW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name))
      end

      def DeleteKey(hkey, name)
        check RegDeleteKeyW.call(hkey, make_wstr(name))
      end

      def FlushKey(hkey)
        check RegFlushKey.call(hkey)
      end

      def CloseKey(hkey)
        check RegCloseKey.call(hkey)
      end

      def QueryInfoKey(hkey)
        subkeys = packdw(0)
        maxsubkeylen = packdw(0)
        values = packdw(0)
        maxvaluenamelen = packdw(0)
        maxvaluelen = packdw(0)
        secdescs = packdw(0)
        wtime = ' ' * 8
        check RegQueryInfoKey.call(hkey, 0, 0, 0, subkeys, maxsubkeylen, 0,
          values, maxvaluenamelen, maxvaluelen, secdescs, wtime)
        [ unpackdw(subkeys), unpackdw(maxsubkeylen), unpackdw(values),
          unpackdw(maxvaluenamelen), unpackdw(maxvaluelen),
          unpackdw(secdescs), unpackqw(wtime) ]
      end
    end

    #
    # Replace %\w+% into the environment value of what is contained between the %'s
    # This method is used for REG_EXPAND_SZ.
    #
    # For detail, see expandEnvironmentStrings[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/expandenvironmentstrings.asp] \Win32 \API.
    #
    def self.expand_environ(str)
      str.gsub(Regexp.compile("%([^%]+)%".encode(str.encoding))) {
        v = $1.encode(LOCALE)
        (e = ENV[v] || ENV[v.upcase]; e.encode(str.encoding) if e) ||
        $&
      }
    end

    @@type2name = %w[
      REG_NONE REG_SZ REG_EXPAND_SZ REG_BINARY REG_DWORD
      REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN REG_LINK REG_MULTI_SZ
      REG_RESOURCE_LIST REG_FULL_RESOURCE_DESCRIPTOR
      REG_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS_LIST REG_QWORD
    ].inject([]) do |ary, type|
      type.freeze
      ary[Constants.const_get(type)] = type
      ary
    end.freeze

    #
    # Convert registry type value to readable string.
    #
    def self.type2name(type)
      @@type2name[type] || type.to_s
    end

    #
    # Convert 64-bit FILETIME integer into Time object.
    #
    def self.wtime2time(wtime)
      Time.at((wtime - 116444736000000000) / 10000000)
    end

    #
    # Convert Time object or Integer object into 64-bit FILETIME.
    #
    def self.time2wtime(time)
      time.to_i * 10000000 + 116444736000000000
    end

    #
    # constructor
    #
    private_class_method :new

    #
    # --- Registry.open(key, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
    #
    # --- Registry.open(key, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED) { |reg| ... }
    #
    # Open the registry key subkey under key.
    # key is Win32::Registry object of parent key.
    # You can use predefined key HKEY_* (see Constants)
    # desired and opt is access mask and key option.
    # For detail, see the MSDN[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/regopenkeyex.asp].
    # If block is given, the key is closed automatically.
    def self.open(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
      subkey = subkey.chomp('\\')
      newkey = API.OpenKey(hkey.hkey, subkey, opt, desired)
      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY)
      if block_given?
        begin
          yield obj
        ensure
          obj.close
        end
      else
        obj
      end
    end

    #
    # --- Registry.create(key, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
    #
    # --- Registry.create(key, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED) { |reg| ... }
    #
    # Create or open the registry key subkey under key.
    # You can use predefined key HKEY_* (see Constants)
    #
    # If subkey is already exists, key is opened and Registry#created?
    # method will return false.
    #
    # If block is given, the key is closed automatically.
    #
    def self.create(hkey, subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED)
      newkey, disp = API.CreateKey(hkey.hkey, subkey, opt, desired)
      obj = new(newkey, hkey, subkey, disp)
      if block_given?
        begin
          yield obj
        ensure
          obj.close
        end
      else
        obj
      end
    end

    #
    # finalizer
    #
    @@final = proc { |hkey| proc { API.CloseKey(hkey[0]) if hkey[0] } }

    #
    # initialize
    #
    def initialize(hkey, parent, keyname, disposition)
      @hkey = hkey
      @parent = parent
      @keyname = keyname
      @disposition = disposition
      @hkeyfinal = [ hkey ]
      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer self, @@final.call(@hkeyfinal)
    end

    #  Returns key handle value.
    attr_reader :hkey
    # Win32::Registry object of parent key, or nil if predefeined key.
    attr_reader :parent
    # Same as subkey value of Registry.open or
    # Registry.create method.
    attr_reader :keyname
    #  Disposition value (REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY or REG_OPENED_EXISTING_KEY).
    attr_reader :disposition

    #
    # Returns if key is created ((*newly*)).
    # (see Registry.create) -- basically you call create
    # then when you call created? on the instance returned
    # it will tell if it was successful or not
    #
    def created?
      @disposition == REG_CREATED_NEW_KEY
    end

    #
    # Returns if key is not closed.
    #
    def open?
      !@hkey.nil?
    end

    #
    # Full path of key such as 'HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\foo\bar'.
    #
    def name
      parent = self
      name = @keyname
      while parent = parent.parent
        name = parent.keyname + '\\' + name
      end
      name
    end

    def inspect
      "\#<Win32::Registry key=#{name.inspect}>"
    end

    #
    # marshalling is not allowed
    #
    def _dump(depth)
      raise TypeError, "can't dump Win32::Registry"
    end

    #
    # Same as Win32::Registry.open (self, subkey, desired, opt)
    #
    def open(subkey, desired = KEY_READ, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
      self.class.open(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
    end

    #
    # Same as Win32::Registry.create (self, subkey, desired, opt)
    #
    def create(subkey, desired = KEY_ALL_ACCESS, opt = REG_OPTION_RESERVED, &blk)
      self.class.create(self, subkey, desired, opt, &blk)
    end

    #
    # Close key.
    #
    # After close, most method raise an error.
    #
    def close
      API.CloseKey(@hkey)
      @hkey = @parent = @keyname = nil
      @hkeyfinal[0] = nil
    end

    #
    # Enumerate values.
    #
    def each_value
      index = 0
      while true
        begin
          subkey = API.EnumValue(@hkey, index)
        rescue Error
          break
        end
        subkey = export_string(subkey)
        begin
          type, data = read(subkey)
        rescue Error
          next
        end
        yield subkey, type, data
        index += 1
      end
      index
    end
    alias each each_value

    #
    # return values as an array
    #
    def values
      vals_ary = []
      each_value { |*, val| vals_ary << val }
      vals_ary
    end

    #
    # Enumerate subkeys.
    #
    # subkey is String which contains name of subkey.
    # wtime is last write time as FILETIME (64-bit integer).
    # (see Registry.wtime2time)
    #
    def each_key
      index = 0
      while true
        begin
          subkey, wtime = API.EnumKey(@hkey, index)
        rescue Error
          break
        end
        subkey = export_string(subkey)
        yield subkey, wtime
        index += 1
      end
      index
    end

    #
    # return keys as an array
    #
    def keys
      keys_ary = []
      each_key { |key,| keys_ary << key }
      keys_ary
    end

    # Read a registry value named name and return array of
    # [ type, data ].
    # When name is nil, the `default' value is read.
    # type is value type. (see Win32::Registry::Constants module)
    # data is value data, its class is:
    # :REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
    #    String
    # :REG_MULTI_SZ
    #    Array of String
    # :REG_DWORD, REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, REG_QWORD
    #    Integer
    # :REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
    #    String (contains binary data)
    #
    # When rtype is specified, the value type must be included by
    # rtype array, or TypeError is raised.
    def read(name, *rtype)
      type, data = API.QueryValue(@hkey, name)
      unless rtype.empty? or rtype.include?(type)
        raise TypeError, "Type mismatch (expect [#{
          rtype.map{|t|Registry.type2name(t)}.join(', ')}] but #{
          Registry.type2name(type)} present)"
      end
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
        [ type, data.encode(name.encoding, WCHAR).chop ]
      when REG_MULTI_SZ
        [ type, data.encode(name.encoding, WCHAR).split(/\0/) ]
      when REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
        [ type, data ]
      when REG_DWORD
        [ type, API.unpackdw(data) ]
      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
        [ type, data.unpack('N')[0] ]
      when REG_QWORD
        [ type, API.unpackqw(data) ]
      else
        raise TypeError, "Type #{Registry.type2name(type)} is not supported."
      end
    end

    #
    # Read a registry value named name and return its value data.
    # The class of value is same as #read method returns.
    #
    # If the value type is REG_EXPAND_SZ, returns value data whose environment
    # variables are replaced.
    # If the value type is neither REG_SZ, REG_MULTI_SZ, REG_DWORD,
    # REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, nor REG_QWORD, TypeError is raised.
    #
    # The meaning of rtype is same as #read method.
    #
    def [](name, *rtype)
      type, data = read(name, *rtype)
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_DWORD, REG_QWORD, REG_MULTI_SZ
        data
      when REG_EXPAND_SZ
        Registry.expand_environ(data)
      else
        raise TypeError, "Type #{Registry.type2name(type)} is not supported."
      end
    end

    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
    # registry value named name.
    #
    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
    def read_s(name)
      read(name, REG_SZ)[1]
    end

    #
    # Read a REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ registry value named name.
    #
    # If the value type is REG_EXPAND_SZ, environment variables are replaced.
    # Unless the value type is REG_SZ or REG_EXPAND_SZ, TypeError is raised.
    #
    def read_s_expand(name)
      type, data = read(name, REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ)
      if type == REG_EXPAND_SZ
        Registry.expand_environ(data)
      else
        data
      end
    end

    #
    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
    # registry value named name.
    #
    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
    #
    def read_i(name)
      read(name, REG_DWORD, REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN, REG_QWORD)[1]
    end

    #
    # Read a REG_SZ(read_s), REG_DWORD(read_i), or REG_BINARY(read_bin)
    # registry value named name.
    #
    # If the values type does not match, TypeError is raised.
    #
    def read_bin(name)
      read(name, REG_BINARY)[1]
    end

    #
    # Write data to a registry value named name.
    # When name is nil, write to the `default' value.
    #
    # type is type value. (see Registry::Constants module)
    # Class of data must be same as which #read
    # method returns.
    #
    def write(name, type, data)
      termsize = 0
      case type
      when REG_SZ, REG_EXPAND_SZ
        data = data.encode(WCHAR)
        termsize = WCHAR_SIZE
      when REG_MULTI_SZ
        data = data.to_a.map {|s| s.encode(WCHAR)}.join(WCHAR_NUL) << WCHAR_NUL
        termsize = WCHAR_SIZE
      when REG_BINARY, REG_NONE
        data = data.to_s
      when REG_DWORD
        data = API.packdw(data.to_i)
      when REG_DWORD_BIG_ENDIAN
        data = [data.to_i].pack('N')
      when REG_QWORD
        data = API.packqw(data.to_i)
      else
        raise TypeError, "Unsupported type #{Registry.type2name(type)}"
      end
      API.SetValue(@hkey, name, type, data, data.bytesize + termsize)
    end

    #
    # Write value to a registry value named name.
    #
    # If wtype is specified, the value type is it.
    # Otherwise, the value type is depend on class of value:
    # :Integer
    #   REG_DWORD
    # :String
    #   REG_SZ
    # :Array
    #   REG_MULTI_SZ
    #
    def []=(name, rtype, value = nil)
      if value
        write name, rtype, value
      else
        case value = rtype
        when Integer
          write name, REG_DWORD, value
        when String
          write name, REG_SZ, value
        when Array
          write name, REG_MULTI_SZ, value
        else
          raise TypeError, "Unexpected type #{value.class}"
        end
      end
      value
    end

    #
    # Write value to a registry value named name.
    #
    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
    #
    def write_s(name, value)
      write name, REG_SZ, value.to_s
    end

    #
    # Write value to a registry value named name.
    #
    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
    #
    def write_i(name, value)
      write name, REG_DWORD, value.to_i
    end

    #
    # Write value to a registry value named name.
    #
    # The value type is REG_SZ(write_s), REG_DWORD(write_i), or
    # REG_BINARY(write_bin).
    #
    def write_bin(name, value)
      write name, REG_BINARY, value.to_s
    end

    #
    # Delete a registry value named name.
    # We can not delete the `default' value.
    #
    def delete_value(name)
      API.DeleteValue(@hkey, name)
    end
    alias delete delete_value

    #
    # Delete a subkey named name and all its values.
    #
    # If recursive is false, the subkey must not have subkeys.
    # Otherwise, this method deletes all subkeys and values recursively.
    #
    def delete_key(name, recursive = false)
      if recursive
        open(name, KEY_ALL_ACCESS) do |reg|
          reg.keys.each do |key|
            begin
              reg.delete_key(key, true)
            rescue Error
              #
            end
          end
        end
        API.DeleteKey(@hkey, name)
      else
        begin
          API.EnumKey @hkey, 0
        rescue Error
          return API.DeleteKey(@hkey, name)
        end
        raise Error.new(5) ## ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
      end
    end

    #
    # Write all the attributes into the registry file.
    #
    def flush
      API.FlushKey @hkey
    end

    #
    # Returns key information as Array of:
    # :num_keys
    #   The number of subkeys.
    # :max_key_length
    #   Maximum length of name of subkeys.
    # :num_values
    #   The number of values.
    # :max_value_name_length
    #   Maximum length of name of values.
    # :max_value_length
    #   Maximum length of value of values.
    # :descriptor_length
    #   Length of security descriptor.
    # :wtime
    #   Last write time as FILETIME(64-bit integer)
    #
    # For detail, see RegQueryInfoKey[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/sysinfo/base/regqueryinfokey.asp] Win32 API.
    #
    def info
      API.QueryInfoKey(@hkey)
    end

    #
    # Returns an item of key information.
    #
    %w[
      num_keys max_key_length
      num_values max_value_name_length max_value_length
      descriptor_length wtime
    ].each_with_index do |s, i|
      eval <<-__END__
        def #{s}
          info[#{i}]
        end
      __END__
    end

    private

    def export_string(str, enc = Encoding.default_internal || LOCALE) # :nodoc:
      str.encode(enc)
    end
  end
end