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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>The pkgsrc guide</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/global.css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets VX.X.X">
<meta name="description" content="pkgsrc is a centralized package management system for Unix-like operating systems. This guide provides information for users and developers of pkgsrc. It covers installation of binary and source packages, creation of binary and source packages and a high-level overview about the infrastructure.">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="book">
<div class="titlepage">
<div>
<div><h1 class="title">
<a name="the-pkgsrc-guide"></a>The pkgsrc guide</h1></div>
<div><h2 class="subtitle">Documentation on the NetBSD packages system</h2></div>
<div><div class="authorgroup">
<div class="author">
<h3 class="author">
<span class="firstname">Alistair</span> <span class="surname">Crooks</span>
</h3>
<div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:agc@NetBSD.org">agc@NetBSD.org</a>></code></p></div></div>
</div>
<div class="author">
<h3 class="author">
<span class="firstname">Hubert</span> <span class="surname">Feyrer</span>
</h3>
<div class="affiliation"><div class="address"><p><code class="email"><<a class="email" href="mailto:hubertf@NetBSD.org">hubertf@NetBSD.org</a>></code></p></div></div>
</div>
<h3 class="corpauthor">
The pkgsrc Developers
</h3>
</div></div>
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 1994-2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc</p></div>
<div><p class="pubdate">$NetBSD: pkgsrc.xml,v 1.26 2007/09/18 08:17:21 rillig Exp $</p></div>
<div><div class="abstract">
<p class="title"><b>Abstract</b></p>
<p>pkgsrc is a centralized package management system for
Unix-like operating systems. This guide provides information for
users and developers of pkgsrc. It covers installation of binary
and source packages, creation of binary and source packages and
a high-level overview about the infrastructure.</p>
</div></div>
</div>
<hr>
</div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#introduction">1. What is pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#introduction-section">1.1. Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#why-pkgsrc">1.1.1. Why pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#intro.platforms">1.1.2. Supported platforms</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#overview">1.2. Overview</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#terminology">1.3. Terminology</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#term.roles">1.3.1. Roles involved in pkgsrc</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#typography">1.4. Typography</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="part"><a href="#users-guide">I. The pkgsrc user's guide</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#getting">2. Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#getting-first">2.1. Getting pkgsrc for the first time</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-tar">2.1.1. As tar archive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-cvs">2.1.2. Via anonymous CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#uptodate">2.2. Keeping pkgsrc up-to-date</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-tar">2.2.1. Via tar files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-cvs">2.2.2. Via CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#platforms">3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#binarydist">3.1. Binary distribution</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bootstrapping-pkgsrc">3.2. Bootstrapping pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#platform-specific-notes">3.3. Platform-specific notes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#cygwin">3.3.1. Cygwin</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#darwin">3.3.2. Darwin (Mac OS X)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#freebsd">3.3.3. FreeBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#gnukfreebsd">3.3.4. GNU/kFreeBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#interix">3.3.5. Interix</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#irix">3.3.6. IRIX</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#linux">3.3.7. Linux</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#mirbsd">3.3.8. MirBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#openbsd">3.3.9. OpenBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#solaris">3.3.10. Solaris</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#using">4. Using pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#using-pkg">4.1. Using binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#finding-binary-packages">4.1.1. Finding binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#installing-binary-packages">4.1.2. Installing binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_delete">4.1.3. Deinstalling packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_info">4.1.4. Getting information about installed packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#vulnerabilities">4.1.5. Checking for security vulnerabilities in installed packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#pkg_versions">4.1.6. Finding if newer versions of your installed packages are in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_admin">4.1.7. Other administrative functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#a-word-of-warning">4.1.8. A word of warning</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#building-packages-from-source">4.2. Building packages from source</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#requirements">4.2.1. Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fetching-distfiles">4.2.2. Fetching distfiles</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#how-to-build-and-install">4.2.3. How to build and install</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#configuring">5. Configuring pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#general-configuration">5.1. General configuration</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#variables-affecting-build">5.2. Variables affecting the build process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#variables-affecting-installation">5.3. Variables affecting the installation process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#conf.compiler">5.4. Selecting and configuring the compiler</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#selecting-the-compiler">5.4.1. Selecting the compiler</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf.cflags">5.4.2. Additional flags to the compiler (<code class="varname">CFLAGS</code>)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf.ldflags">5.4.3. Additional flags to the linker (<code class="varname">LDFLAGS</code>)</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#developer-advanced-settings">5.5. Developer/advanced settings</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#selecting-build-options">5.6. Selecting Build Options</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#binary">6. Creating binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#building-a-single-binary-package">6.1. Building a single binary package</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#settings-for-creationg-of-binary-packages">6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#bulk">7. Creating binary packages for everything in pkgsrc (bulk
builds)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.pre">7.1. Think first, build later</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.req">7.2. Requirements of a bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.old">7.3. Running an old-style bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#binary.configuration">7.3.1. Configuration</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#other-environmental-considerations">7.3.2. Other environmental considerations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#operation">7.3.3. Operation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#what-it-does">7.3.4. What it does</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#disk-space-requirements">7.3.5. Disk space requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#setting-up-a-sandbox">7.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chrooted builds</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#building-a-partial-set">7.3.7. Building a partial set of packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk-upload">7.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.pbulk">7.4. Running a pbulk-style bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk.pbulk.prepare">7.4.1. Preparation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk.pbulk.conf">7.4.2. Configuration</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#creating-cdroms">7.5. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#cdpack-example">7.5.1. Example of cdpack</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#files">8. Directory layout of the installed files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files.localbase">8.1. File system layout in <code class="literal">${LOCALBASE}</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files.varbase">8.2. File system layout in <code class="literal">${VARBASE}</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#faq">9. Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#mailing-list-pointers">9.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#pkgviews-docs">9.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq-pkgtools">9.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#non-root-pkgsrc">9.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#resume-transfers">9.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#x.org-from-pkgsrc">9.6. How can I install/use modular X.org from pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fetch-behind-firewall">9.7. How to fetch files from behind a firewall</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#passive-ftp">9.8. How do I tell <span class="command"><strong>make fetch</strong></span> to do passive FTP?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fetching-all-distfiles">9.9. How to fetch all distfiles at once</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tmac.andoc-missing">9.10. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Don't know how to make
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bsd.own.mk-missing">9.11. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Could not find bsd.own.mk</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#using-sudo-with-pkgsrc">9.12. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.conf">9.13. How do I change the location of configuration files?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#audit-packages">9.14. Automated security checks</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ufaq-cflags">9.15. Why do some packages ignore my <code class="varname">CFLAGS</code>?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ufaq-fail">9.16. A package does not build. What shall I do?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.rcs-conflicts">9.17. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Makefile appears to contain unresolved cvs/rcs/??? merge conflicts</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="part"><a href="#developers-guide">II. The pkgsrc developer's guide</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#creating">10. Creating a new pkgsrc package from scratch</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#creating.common">10.1. Common types of packages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#creating.perl-module">10.1.1. Perl modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#creating.kde-app">10.1.2. KDE applications</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#creating.python-module">10.1.3. Python modules and programs</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#creating.examples">10.2. Examples</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#creating.nvu">10.2.1. How the www/nvu package came into pkgsrc</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#components">11. Package components - files, directories and contents</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#components.Makefile">11.1. <code class="filename">Makefile</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#components.distinfo">11.2. <code class="filename">distinfo</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#components.patches">11.3. patches/*</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.patch.structure">11.3.1. Structure of a single patch file</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.patches.caveats">11.3.2. Creating patch files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.patches.sources">11.3.3. Sources where the patch files come from</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.patches.guidelines">11.3.4. Patching guidelines</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.patches.feedback">11.3.5. Feedback to the author</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#other-mandatory-files">11.4. Other mandatory files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#components.optional">11.5. Optional files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.optional.bin">11.5.1. Files affecting the binary package</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.optional.build">11.5.2. Files affecting the build process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#components.optional.none">11.5.3. Files affecting nothing at all</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#work-dir">11.6. <code class="filename">work*</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files-dir">11.7. <code class="filename">files/*</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#makefile">12. Programming in <code class="filename">Makefile</code>s</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#makefile.style">12.1. Caveats</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#makefile.variables">12.2. <code class="filename">Makefile</code> variables</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#makefile.variables.names">12.2.1. Naming conventions</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#makefile.code">12.3. Code snippets</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#adding-to-list">12.3.1. Adding things to a list</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#converting-internal-to-external">12.3.2. Converting an internal list into an external list</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#passing-variable-to-shell">12.3.3. Passing variables to a shell command</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#quoting-guideline">12.3.4. Quoting guideline</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bsd-make-bug-workaround">12.3.5. Workaround for a bug in BSD Make</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#plist">13. PLIST issues</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#rcs-id">13.1. RCS ID</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#automatic-plist-generation">13.2. Semi-automatic <code class="filename">PLIST</code> generation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#print-PLIST">13.3. Tweaking output of <span class="command"><strong>make print-PLIST</strong></span></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#plist.misc">13.4. Variable substitution in PLIST</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#manpage-compression">13.5. Man page compression</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#using-PLIST_SRC">13.6. Changing PLIST source with <code class="varname">PLIST_SRC</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#platform-specific-plist">13.7. Platform-specific and differing PLISTs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.common-dirs">13.8. Sharing directories between packages</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#buildlink">14. Buildlink methodology</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#converting-to-buildlink3">14.1. Converting packages to use buildlink3</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#creating-buildlink3.mk">14.2. Writing <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#anatomy-of-bl3">14.2.1. Anatomy of a buildlink3.mk file</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#updating-buildlink-depends">14.2.2. Updating
<code class="varname">BUILDLINK_API_DEPENDS.<em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>
and
<code class="varname">BUILDLINK_ABI_DEPENDS.<em class="replaceable"><code>pkg</code></em></code>
in <code class="filename">buildlink3.mk</code> files</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#writing-builtin.mk">14.3. Writing <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code> files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#anatomy-of-builtin.mk">14.3.1. Anatomy of a <code class="filename">builtin.mk</code> file</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#native-or-pkgsrc-preference">14.3.2. Global preferences for native or pkgsrc software</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#pkginstall">15. The pkginstall framework</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files-and-dirs-outside-prefix">15.1. Files and directories outside the installation prefix</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#dirs-outside-prefix">15.1.1. Directory manipulation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#files-outside-prefix">15.1.2. File manipulation</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#conf-files">15.2. Configuration files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf-files-sysconfdir">15.2.1. How <code class="varname">PKG_SYSCONFDIR</code> is set</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf-files-configure">15.2.2. Telling the software where configuration files are</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf-files-patching">15.2.3. Patching installations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf-files-disable">15.2.4. Disabling handling of configuration files</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#rcd-scripts">15.3. System startup scripts</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#rcd-scripts-disable">15.3.1. Disabling handling of system startup scripts</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#users-and-groups">15.4. System users and groups</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#shells">15.5. System shells</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#shells-disable">15.5.1. Disabling shell registration</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fonts">15.6. Fonts</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fonts-disable">15.6.1. Disabling automatic update of the fonts databases</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#options">16. Options handling</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#global-default-options">16.1. Global default options</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#converting-to-options">16.2. Converting packages to use <code class="filename">bsd.options.mk</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#option-names">16.3. Option Names</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#option-build">16.4. Determining the options of dependencies</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#build">17. The build process</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.intro">17.1. Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.prefix">17.2. Program location</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.builddirs">17.3. Directories used during the build process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.running">17.4. Running a phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.fetch">17.5. The <span class="emphasis"><em>fetch</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#build.fetch.what">17.5.1. What to fetch and where to get it from</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#build.fetch.how">17.5.2. How are the files fetched?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.checksum">17.6. The <span class="emphasis"><em>checksum</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.extract">17.7. The <span class="emphasis"><em>extract</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.patch">17.8. The <span class="emphasis"><em>patch</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.tools">17.9. The <span class="emphasis"><em>tools</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.wrapper">17.10. The <span class="emphasis"><em>wrapper</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.configure">17.11. The <span class="emphasis"><em>configure</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.build">17.12. The <span class="emphasis"><em>build</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.test">17.13. The <span class="emphasis"><em>test</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.install">17.14. The <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.package">17.15. The <span class="emphasis"><em>package</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.clean">17.16. Cleaning up</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#build.helpful-targets">17.17. Other helpful targets</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#tools">18. Tools needed for building or running</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#pkgsrc-tools">18.1. Tools for pkgsrc builds</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#package-tools">18.2. Tools needed by packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#platform-tools">18.3. Tools provided by platforms</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tools.questions">18.4. Questions regarding the tools</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#fixes">19. Making your package work</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#general-operation">19.1. General operation</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#portability-of-packages">19.1.1. Portability of packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#pulling-vars-from-etc-mk.conf">19.1.2. How to pull in user-settable variables from <code class="filename">mk.conf</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#user-interaction">19.1.3. User interaction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#handling-licenses">19.1.4. Handling licenses</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#restricted-packages">19.1.5. Restricted packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#dependencies">19.1.6. Handling dependencies</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conflicts">19.1.7. Handling conflicts with other packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#not-building-packages">19.1.8. Packages that cannot or should not be built</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#undeletable-packages">19.1.9. Packages which should not be deleted, once installed</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#security-handling">19.1.10. Handling packages with security problems</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bumping-pkgrevision">19.1.11. How to handle incrementing versions when fixing an existing package</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fixes.subst">19.1.12. Substituting variable text in the package files (the SUBST framework)</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fixes.fetch">19.2. Fixing problems in the <span class="emphasis"><em>fetch</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#no-plain-download">19.2.1. Packages whose distfiles aren't available for plain downloading</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#modified-distfiles-same-name">19.2.2. How to handle modified distfiles with the 'old' name</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fixes.configure">19.3. Fixing problems in the <span class="emphasis"><em>configure</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fixes.libtool">19.3.1. Shared libraries - libtool</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using-libtool">19.3.2. Using libtool on GNU packages that already support libtool</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#autoconf-automake">19.3.3. GNU Autoconf/Automake</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#programming-languages">19.4. Programming languages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#basic-programming-languages">19.4.1. C, C++, and Fortran</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#java-programming-language">19.4.2. Java</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#perl-scripts">19.4.3. Packages containing perl scripts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#shell-scripts">19.4.4. Packages containing shell scripts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#other-programming-languages">19.4.5. Other programming languages</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fixes.build">19.5. Fixing problems in the <span class="emphasis"><em>build</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fixes.build.cpp">19.5.1. Compiling C and C++ code conditionally</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#compiler-bugs">19.5.2. How to handle compiler bugs</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#undefined-reference">19.5.3. Undefined reference to <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">...</span>”</span></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#out-of-memory">19.5.4. Running out of memory</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fixes.install">19.6. Fixing problems in the <span class="emphasis"><em>install</em></span> phase</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#install-scripts">19.6.1. Creating needed directories</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#where-to-install-documentation">19.6.2. Where to install documentation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#installing-score-files">19.6.3. Installing highscore files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#destdir-support">19.6.4. Adding DESTDIR support to packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#hardcoded-paths">19.6.5. Packages with hardcoded paths to other interpreters</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#perl-modules">19.6.6. Packages installing perl modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#faq.info-files">19.6.7. Packages installing info files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#manpages">19.6.8. Packages installing man pages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#gconf-data-files">19.6.9. Packages installing GConf data files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#scrollkeeper-data-files">19.6.10. Packages installing scrollkeeper/rarian data files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#x11-fonts">19.6.11. Packages installing X11 fonts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#gtk2-modules">19.6.12. Packages installing GTK2 modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#sgml-xml-data">19.6.13. Packages installing SGML or XML data</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#mime-database">19.6.14. Packages installing extensions to the MIME database</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#intltool">19.6.15. Packages using intltool</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#startup-scripts">19.6.16. Packages installing startup scripts</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#tex-packages">19.6.17. Packages installing TeX modules</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#emulation-packages">19.6.18. Packages supporting running binaries in
emulation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#hicolor-theme">19.6.19. Packages installing hicolor theme icons</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#desktop-files">19.6.20. Packages installing desktop files</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#punting">19.7. Marking packages as having problems</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#debug">20. Debugging</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submit">21. Submitting and Committing</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#submitting-binary-packages">21.1. Submitting binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#submitting-your-package">21.2. Submitting source packages (for non-NetBSD-developers)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#general-notes-for-changes">21.3. General notes when adding, updating, or removing packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#committing-importing">21.4. Committing: Adding a package to CVS</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#updating-package">21.5. Updating a package to a newer version</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#renaming-package">21.6. Renaming a package in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#moving-package">21.7. Moving a package in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#devfaq">22. Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#gnome">23. GNOME packaging and porting</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#meta-packages">23.1. Meta packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#new-package">23.2. Packaging a GNOME application</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#full-update">23.3. Updating GNOME to a newer version</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#patching">23.4. Patching guidelines</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="part"><a href="#infrastructure">III. The pkgsrc infrastructure internals</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#infr.design">24. Design of the pkgsrc infrastructure</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.vardef">24.1. The meaning of variable definitions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.vardef.problems">24.2. Avoiding problems before they arise</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.var">24.3. Variable evaluation</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.var.load">24.3.1. At load time</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.var.run">24.3.2. At runtime</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.varspec">24.4. How can variables be specified?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.design.intf">24.5. Designing interfaces for Makefile fragments</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.design.intf.proc">24.5.1. Procedures with parameters</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.design.intf.action">24.5.2. Actions taken on behalf of parameters</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#infr.order">24.6. The order in which files are loaded</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.order.prefs">24.6.1. The order in <code class="filename">bsd.prefs.mk</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#infr.order.pkg">24.6.2. The order in <code class="filename">bsd.pkg.mk</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#regression">25. Regression tests</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#regression.descr">25.1. The regression tests framework</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#regression.run">25.2. Running the regression tests</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#regression.new">25.3. Adding a new regression test</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#regression.fun.override">25.3.1. Overridable functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#regression.fun.helper">25.3.2. Helper functions</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#porting">26. Porting pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#porting.opsys">26.1. Porting pkgsrc to a new operating system</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#porting.compiler">26.2. Adding support for a new compiler</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#examples">A. A simple example package: bison</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#example-files">A.1. files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#example-Makefile">A.1.1. Makefile</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#example-descr">A.1.2. DESCR</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#example-plist">A.1.3. PLIST</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#checking-package-with-pkglint">A.1.4. Checking a package with <span class="command"><strong>pkglint</strong></span></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#steps-for-b-i-p">A.2. Steps for building, installing, packaging</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#logs">B. Build logs</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.building">B.1. Building figlet</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#logs.package">B.2. Packaging figlet</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#ftp-layout">C. Directory layout of the pkgsrc FTP server</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ftp-distfiles">C.1. <code class="filename">distfiles</code>: The distributed source files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ftp-misc">C.2. <code class="filename">misc</code>: Miscellaneous things</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ftp-packages">C.3. <code class="filename">packages</code>: Binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ftp-reports">C.4. <code class="filename">reports</code>: Bulk build reports</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ftp-source">C.5. <code class="filename">current</code>,
<code class="filename">pkgsrc-20<em class="replaceable"><code>xx</code></em>Q<em class="replaceable"><code>y</code></em></code>:
source packages</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#editing">D. Editing guidelines for the pkgsrc guide</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#targets">D.1. Make targets</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#procedure">D.2. Procedure</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="list-of-tables">
<p><b>List of Tables</b></p>
<dl>
<dt>1.1. <a href="#supported-platforms">Platforms supported by pkgsrc</a>
</dt>
<dt>11.1. <a href="#patch-examples">Patching examples</a>
</dt>
<dt>23.1. <a href="#plist-handling">PLIST handling for GNOME packages</a>
</dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="introduction"></a>Chapter 1. What is pkgsrc?</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#introduction-section">1.1. Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#why-pkgsrc">1.1.1. Why pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#intro.platforms">1.1.2. Supported platforms</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#overview">1.2. Overview</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#terminology">1.3. Terminology</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#term.roles">1.3.1. Roles involved in pkgsrc</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#typography">1.4. Typography</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="introduction-section"></a>1.1. Introduction</h2></div></div></div>
<p>There is a lot of software freely available for Unix-based
systems, which is usually available in form of the source code. Before
such software can be used, it needs to be configured to the local
system, compiled and installed, and this is exactly what The NetBSD
Packages Collection (pkgsrc) does. pkgsrc also has some basic commands
to handle binary packages, so that not every user has to build the
packages for himself, which is a time-costly task.</p>
<p>pkgsrc currently contains several thousand packages,
including:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/www/apache/README.html" target="_top"><code class="filename">www/apache</code></a> - The Apache
web server</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/www/firefox/README.html" target="_top"><code class="filename">www/firefox</code></a> - The Firefox
web browser</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/gnome/README.html" target="_top"><code class="filename">meta-pkgs/gnome</code></a> - The GNOME
Desktop Environment</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/meta-pkgs/kde3/README.html" target="_top"><code class="filename">meta-pkgs/kde3</code></a> - The K
Desktop Environment</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>...just to name a few.</p>
<p>pkgsrc has built-in support for handling varying dependencies,
such as pthreads and X11, and extended features such as IPv6 support on
a range of platforms.</p>
<div class="sect2">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="why-pkgsrc"></a>1.1.1. Why pkgsrc?</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
pkgsrc provides the following key features:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p>Easy building of software from source as well as the creation
and installation of binary packages. The source and latest
patches are retrieved from a master or mirror download site, checksum
verified, then built on your system. Support for binary-only
distributions is available for both native platforms and NetBSD
emulated platforms.</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>All packages are installed in a consistent directory tree,
including binaries, libraries, man pages and other
documentation.</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>Package dependencies, including when performing package updates,
are handled automatically. The configuration files of various
packages are handled automatically during updates, so local changes
are preserved.</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>Like NetBSD, pkgsrc is designed with portability in mind and
consists of highly portable code. This allows the greatest speed of
development when porting to a new platform. This portability also
ensures that pkgsrc is <span class="emphasis"><em>consistent across all
platforms</em></span>.</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>The installation prefix, acceptable software licenses,
international encryption requirements and build-time options for a
large number of packages are all set in a simple, central
configuration file.</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p>The entire source (not including the distribution files) is
freely available under a BSD license, so you may extend and adapt
pkgsrc to your needs. Support for local packages and patches is
available right out of the box, so you can configure it specifically
for your environment.</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>The following principles are basic to pkgsrc:</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
<li class="listitem"><p><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">It should only work if it's right.</span>”</span>
— That means, if a package contains bugs, it's better to find
them and to complain about them rather than to just install the package
and hope that it works. There are numerous checks in pkgsrc that try to
find such bugs: Static analysis tools (<a href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/pkgtools/pkglint/README.html" target="_top"><code class="filename">pkgtools/pkglint</code></a>), build-time checks (portability
of shell scripts), and post-installation checks (installed files,
references to shared libraries, script interpreters).</p></li>
<li class="listitem"><p><span class="quote">“<span class="quote">If it works, it should work everywhere</span>”</span>
— Like NetBSD has been ported to many hardware architectures,
pkgsrc has been ported to many operating systems. Care is taken that
packages behave the same on all platforms.</p></li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="intro.platforms"></a>1.1.2. Supported platforms</h3></div></div></div>
<p>pkgsrc consists of both a source distribution and a binary
distribution for these operating systems. After retrieving the required
source or binaries, you can be up and running with pkgsrc in just
minutes!</p>
<p>pkgsrc was derived from FreeBSD's ports system, and
initially developed for NetBSD only. Since then, pkgsrc has
grown a lot, and now supports the following platforms:</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="supported-platforms"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 1.1. Platforms supported by pkgsrc</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table summary="Platforms supported by pkgsrc" border="1">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>Platform</th>
<th>Date Support Added</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.NetBSD.org/" target="_top">NetBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Aug 1997</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://wwws.sun.com/software/solaris/" target="_top">Solaris</a></td>
<td align="center">Mar 1999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.kernel.org/" target="_top">Linux</a></td>
<td align="center">Jun 1999</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="ulink" href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/" target="_top">Darwin</a>
(<a class="ulink" href="http://developer.apple.com/macosx/" target="_top">Mac OS X</a>)
</td>
<td align="center">Oct 2001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.freebsd.org/" target="_top">FreeBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Nov 2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.openbsd.org/" target="_top">OpenBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Nov 2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.sgi.com/software/irix/" target="_top">IRIX</a></td>
<td align="center">Dec 2002</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BSD/OS</td>
<td align="center">Dec 2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/aix/" target="_top">AIX</a></td>
<td align="center">Dec 2003</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/" target="_top">Interix</a>
(Microsoft Windows Services for Unix)
</td>
<td align="center">Mar 2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.dragonflybsd.org/" target="_top">DragonFlyBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Oct 2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.tru64.org/" target="_top">OSF/1</a></td>
<td align="center">Nov 2004</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/" target="_top">HP-UX</a></td>
<td align="center">Apr 2007</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.haiku-os.org/" target="_top">Haiku</a></td>
<td align="center">Sep 2010</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.mirbsd.org/" target="_top">MirBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Jan 2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.minix3.org/" target="_top">Minix3</a></td>
<td align="center">Nov 2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://cygwin.com/" target="_top">Cygwin</a></td>
<td align="center">Mar 2013</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="ulink" href="http://www.debian.org/ports/kfreebsd-gnu/" target="_top">GNU/kFreeBSD</a></td>
<td align="center">Jul 2013</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="overview"></a>1.2. Overview</h2></div></div></div>
<p>This document is divided into three parts. The first,
<a class="link" href="#users-guide" title="Part I. The pkgsrc user's guide">The pkgsrc user's guide</a>,
describes how one can use one of the packages in the Package
Collection, either by installing a precompiled binary package,
or by building one's own copy using the NetBSD package system.
The second part, <a class="link" href="#developers-guide" title="Part II. The pkgsrc developer's guide">The pkgsrc developer's guide</a>, explains how to prepare a
package so it can be easily built by other NetBSD users without
knowing about the package's building details. The third part,
<a class="link" href="#infrastructure" title="Part III. The pkgsrc infrastructure internals">The pkgsrc infrastructure internals</a>
is intended for those who want to understand how pkgsrc is
implemented.</p>
<p>This document is available in various formats:
<span class="simplelist"><a class="ulink" href="index.html" target="_top">HTML</a>, <a class="ulink" href="pkgsrc.pdf" target="_top">PDF</a>, <a class="ulink" href="pkgsrc.ps" target="_top">PS</a>, <a class="ulink" href="pkgsrc.txt" target="_top">TXT</a></span>.</p>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="terminology"></a>1.3. Terminology</h2></div></div></div>
<p>There has been a lot of talk about <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">ports</span>”</span>,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">packages</span>”</span>, etc. so far. Here is a description of all the
terminology used within this document.</p>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">Package</span></dt>
<dd><p>A set of files and building instructions
that describe what's necessary
to build a certain piece of software using
pkgsrc. Packages are traditionally stored under
<code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code>.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">The NetBSD package system</span></dt>
<dd><p>This is the former name of <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">pkgsrc</span>”</span>. It
is part of the NetBSD operating system and can be bootstrapped
to run on non-NetBSD operating systems as well. It handles
building (compiling), installing, and removing of
packages.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Distfile</span></dt>
<dd><p>This term describes the file or files that are
provided by the author of the piece of software to
distribute his work. All the changes necessary to build on
NetBSD are reflected in the corresponding package. Usually
the distfile is in the form of a compressed tar-archive,
but other types are possible, too. Distfiles are usually
stored below
<code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc/distfiles</code>.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Port</span></dt>
<dd><p>This is the term used by FreeBSD and OpenBSD people
for what we call a package.
In NetBSD terminology, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">port</span>”</span> refers to a different
architecture.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">Precompiled/binary package</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>A set of binaries built with pkgsrc from a distfile
and stuffed together in a single <code class="filename">.tgz</code>
file so it can be installed on machines of the same
machine architecture without the need to
recompile. Packages are usually generated in
<code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc/packages</code>; there is also
an archive on <a class="ulink" href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/" target="_top">ftp.NetBSD.org</a>.</p>
<p>Sometimes, this is referred to by the term <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">package</span>”</span> too,
especially in the context of precompiled packages.</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">Program</span></dt>
<dd><p>The piece of software to be installed which will be
constructed from all the files in the distfile by the
actions defined in the corresponding package.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="sect2">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="term.roles"></a>1.3.1. Roles involved in pkgsrc</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist">
<dt><span class="term">pkgsrc users</span></dt>
<dd>
<p>The
pkgsrc users are people who use the packages provided by pkgsrc.
Typically they are system administrators. The people using the
software that is inside the packages (maybe called <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">end
users</span>”</span>) are not covered by the pkgsrc guide.</p>
<p>There are two kinds of pkgsrc users: Some only want to
install pre-built binary packages. Others build the pkgsrc
packages from source, either for installing them directly or for
building binary packages themselves. For pkgsrc users <a class="xref" href="#users-guide" title="Part I. The pkgsrc user's guide">Part I, “The pkgsrc user's guide”</a> should provide all necessary
documentation.</p>
</dd>
<dt><span class="term">package maintainers</span></dt>
<dd><p>A
package maintainer creates packages as described in <a class="xref" href="#developers-guide" title="Part II. The pkgsrc developer's guide">Part II, “The pkgsrc developer's guide”</a>.</p></dd>
<dt><span class="term">infrastructure developers</span></dt>
<dd><p>These people are involved in all those files
that live in the <code class="filename">mk/</code> directory and below.
Only these people should need to read through <a class="xref" href="#infrastructure" title="Part III. The pkgsrc infrastructure internals">Part III, “The pkgsrc infrastructure internals”</a>, though others might be curious,
too.</p></dd>
</dl></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="typography"></a>1.4. Typography</h2></div></div></div>
<p>When giving examples for commands, shell prompts are used to
show if the command should/can be issued as root, or if
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">normal</span>”</span> user privileges are sufficient. We use a
<code class="prompt">#</code> for root's shell prompt, and a <code class="prompt">%</code> for users'
shell prompt, assuming they use the C-shell or tcsh.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="part">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title">
<a name="users-guide"></a>Part I. The pkgsrc user's guide</h1></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#getting">2. Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#getting-first">2.1. Getting pkgsrc for the first time</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-tar">2.1.1. As tar archive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-cvs">2.1.2. Via anonymous CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#uptodate">2.2. Keeping pkgsrc up-to-date</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-tar">2.2.1. Via tar files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-cvs">2.2.2. Via CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#platforms">3. Using pkgsrc on systems other than NetBSD</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#binarydist">3.1. Binary distribution</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bootstrapping-pkgsrc">3.2. Bootstrapping pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#platform-specific-notes">3.3. Platform-specific notes</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#cygwin">3.3.1. Cygwin</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#darwin">3.3.2. Darwin (Mac OS X)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#freebsd">3.3.3. FreeBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#gnukfreebsd">3.3.4. GNU/kFreeBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#interix">3.3.5. Interix</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#irix">3.3.6. IRIX</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#linux">3.3.7. Linux</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#mirbsd">3.3.8. MirBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#openbsd">3.3.9. OpenBSD</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#solaris">3.3.10. Solaris</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#using">4. Using pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#using-pkg">4.1. Using binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#finding-binary-packages">4.1.1. Finding binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#installing-binary-packages">4.1.2. Installing binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_delete">4.1.3. Deinstalling packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_info">4.1.4. Getting information about installed packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#vulnerabilities">4.1.5. Checking for security vulnerabilities in installed packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#pkg_versions">4.1.6. Finding if newer versions of your installed packages are in pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#using.pkg_admin">4.1.7. Other administrative functions</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#a-word-of-warning">4.1.8. A word of warning</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#building-packages-from-source">4.2. Building packages from source</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#requirements">4.2.1. Requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#fetching-distfiles">4.2.2. Fetching distfiles</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#how-to-build-and-install">4.2.3. How to build and install</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#configuring">5. Configuring pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#general-configuration">5.1. General configuration</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#variables-affecting-build">5.2. Variables affecting the build process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#variables-affecting-installation">5.3. Variables affecting the installation process</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#conf.compiler">5.4. Selecting and configuring the compiler</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#selecting-the-compiler">5.4.1. Selecting the compiler</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf.cflags">5.4.2. Additional flags to the compiler (<code class="varname">CFLAGS</code>)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#conf.ldflags">5.4.3. Additional flags to the linker (<code class="varname">LDFLAGS</code>)</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#developer-advanced-settings">5.5. Developer/advanced settings</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#selecting-build-options">5.6. Selecting Build Options</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#binary">6. Creating binary packages</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#building-a-single-binary-package">6.1. Building a single binary package</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#settings-for-creationg-of-binary-packages">6.2. Settings for creation of binary packages</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#bulk">7. Creating binary packages for everything in pkgsrc (bulk
builds)</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.pre">7.1. Think first, build later</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.req">7.2. Requirements of a bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.old">7.3. Running an old-style bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#binary.configuration">7.3.1. Configuration</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#other-environmental-considerations">7.3.2. Other environmental considerations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#operation">7.3.3. Operation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#what-it-does">7.3.4. What it does</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#disk-space-requirements">7.3.5. Disk space requirements</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#setting-up-a-sandbox">7.3.6. Setting up a sandbox for chrooted builds</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#building-a-partial-set">7.3.7. Building a partial set of packages</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk-upload">7.3.8. Uploading results of a bulk build</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bulk.pbulk">7.4. Running a pbulk-style bulk build</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk.pbulk.prepare">7.4.1. Preparation</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#bulk.pbulk.conf">7.4.2. Configuration</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#creating-cdroms">7.5. Creating a multiple CD-ROM packages collection</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#cdpack-example">7.5.1. Example of cdpack</a></span></dt></dl></dd>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#files">8. Directory layout of the installed files</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files.localbase">8.1. File system layout in <code class="literal">${LOCALBASE}</code></a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#files.varbase">8.2. File system layout in <code class="literal">${VARBASE}</code></a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#faq">9. Frequently Asked Questions</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#mailing-list-pointers">9.1. Are there any mailing lists for pkg-related discussion?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#pkgviews-docs">9.2. Where's the pkgviews documentation?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq-pkgtools">9.3. Utilities for package management (pkgtools)</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#non-root-pkgsrc">9.4. How to use pkgsrc as non-root</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#resume-transfers">9.5. How to resume transfers when fetching distfiles?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#x.org-from-pkgsrc">9.6. How can I install/use modular X.org from pkgsrc?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fetch-behind-firewall">9.7. How to fetch files from behind a firewall</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#passive-ftp">9.8. How do I tell <span class="command"><strong>make fetch</strong></span> to do passive FTP?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#fetching-all-distfiles">9.9. How to fetch all distfiles at once</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#tmac.andoc-missing">9.10. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Don't know how to make
/usr/share/tmac/tmac.andoc</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#bsd.own.mk-missing">9.11. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Could not find bsd.own.mk</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#using-sudo-with-pkgsrc">9.12. Using 'sudo' with pkgsrc</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.conf">9.13. How do I change the location of configuration files?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#audit-packages">9.14. Automated security checks</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ufaq-cflags">9.15. Why do some packages ignore my <code class="varname">CFLAGS</code>?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#ufaq-fail">9.16. A package does not build. What shall I do?</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#faq.rcs-conflicts">9.17. What does <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">Makefile appears to contain unresolved cvs/rcs/??? merge conflicts</span>”</span> mean?</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="chapter">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title">
<a name="getting"></a>Chapter 2. Where to get pkgsrc and how to keep it up-to-date</h2></div></div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#getting-first">2.1. Getting pkgsrc for the first time</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-tar">2.1.1. As tar archive</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#getting-via-cvs">2.1.2. Via anonymous CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="sect1"><a href="#uptodate">2.2. Keeping pkgsrc up-to-date</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-tar">2.2.1. Via tar files</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="sect2"><a href="#uptodate-cvs">2.2.2. Via CVS</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<p>Before you download and extract the files, you need to decide
where you want to extract them. When using pkgsrc as root user, pkgsrc
is usually installed in <code class="filename">/usr/pkgsrc</code>. You are though
free to install the sources and binary packages wherever you want in
your filesystem, provided that the pathname does not contain white-space
or other characters that are interpreted specially by the shell and some
other programs. A safe bet is to use only letters, digits, underscores
and dashes.</p>
<div class="sect1">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="getting-first"></a>2.1. Getting pkgsrc for the first time</h2></div></div></div>
<p>Before you download any pkgsrc files, you should decide
whether you want the <span class="emphasis"><em>current</em></span> branch or the
<span class="emphasis"><em>stable</em></span> branch. The latter is forked on a
quarterly basis from the current branch and only gets modified
for security updates. The names of the stable branches are built
from the year and the quarter, for example
<code class="literal">2009Q1</code>.</p>
<p>The second step is to decide <span class="emphasis"><em>how</em></span> you
want to download pkgsrc. You can get it as a tar file or via CVS.
Both ways are described here.</p>
<p>Note that tar archive contains CVS working copy.
Thus you can switch to using CVS at any later time.</p>
<p>Note also that quarterly branch is not frozen in stone.
It receives critical updates.</p>
<div class="sect2">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="getting-via-tar"></a>2.1.1. As tar archive</h3></div></div></div>
<p>The primary download location for all pkgsrc files is
<a class="ulink" href="http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/" target="_top">http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/</a> or
<a class="ulink" href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/" target="_top">ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/</a>
(it points to the same location).
There are a number of subdirectories for different purposes,
which are described in detail in <a class="xref" href="#ftp-layout" title="Appendix C. Directory layout of the pkgsrc FTP server">Appendix C, <i>Directory layout of the pkgsrc FTP server</i></a>.</p>
<p>The tar archive for the current branch is in the directory
<code class="filename">current</code> and is called <a class="ulink" href="http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.gz" target="_top"><code class="filename">pkgsrc.tar.gz</code></a>.
It is autogenerated daily.</p>
<p>To save download time we provide bzip2- and
xz-compressed archives which are published at
<a class="ulink" href="http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.bz2" target="_top"><code class="filename">pkgsrc.tar.bz2</code></a>
and
<a class="ulink" href="http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc.tar.xz" target="_top"><code class="filename">pkgsrc.tar.xz</code></a>
respectively.
</p>
<p>You can fetch the same files using FTP.</p>
<p>The tar file for the stable branch 2013Q1 is in the
directory <code class="filename">pkgsrc-2013Q1</code> and is also called <a class="ulink" href="ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/pkgsrc-2013Q1/pkgsrc.tar.gz" target="_top"><code class="filename">pkgsrc.tar.gz</code></a>.</p>
<p>To download a pkgsrc stable tarball, run:</p>
<pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>ftp ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/<em class="replaceable"><code>pkgsrc-20xxQy</code></em>/pkgsrc.tar.gz</code></strong></pre>
<p>Where <em class="replaceable"><code>pkgsrc-20xxQy</code></em> is the
stable branch to be downloaded, for example,
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">pkgsrc-2013Q1</span>”</span>.</p>
<p>You can use fetch it also using "wget", "curl",
or your web browser.</p>
<p>Then, extract it with:</p>
<pre class="screen"><code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>tar -xzf <em class="replaceable"><code>pkgsrc-20xxQy</code></em>.tar.gz -C /usr</code></strong></pre>