tex markdown code block with matrix not rendering

[PhilipYip1988]

Description

A markdown or notebook file that includes a tex codeblock with a matrix does not render properly in the markdown preview (both in the markdown and notebook files). It is the code block of the tex code that does not render, the equation itself renders correctly (see screenshot):

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

Does not render the tex codeblock properly instead displaying something like:

$$ @@0@@ $$

where the number is the number of the code block inserted.

Reproduce

Create a new markdown file.

Input:

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

View markdown preview.

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   a&b&c
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

The same issues persist for a row vector:

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   a & b & c
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

Column vector:

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   a \\
   b \\
   c \\
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

Matrix:

```tex
$$ \begin{bmatrix} 
   a & b & c \\
   c & d & d \\
   e & f & g \\
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

and different matrix types matrix, bmatrix, pmatrix and vmatrix.

Other tests such as the sum and integral seem to work correctly. If useful the markdown file containing tex code blocks is available markdown tutorial.

Expected behavior

Removing the programming language in the code block tex displays the code block correctly but removes syntax highlighting:

```
$$ \begin{bmatrix}
   \end{bmatrix} $$
```

Context

• Operating System and version: Windows 11 23H2
• Browser and version: Edge 120.0.2210.144
• JupyterLab version: 4.0.11

Troubleshoot Output

Paste the output from running `jupyter troubleshoot` from the command line here.
You may want to sanitize the paths in the output.

Command Line Output

Paste the output from your command line running `jupyter lab` here, use `--debug` if possible.

Browser Output

Paste the output from your browser Javascript console here, if applicable.

[krassowski]

I can repro this in 3.6.3

[krassowski]

Related to #8734