doc: fix typos and grammatical errors in Concepts (#292)

docs/concepts/fields.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-The `pydantic.Field` function is used to customize and add metadata to fields of models. To learn more check out the pydantic [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/fields/) as this is a near replica of that documentation that is relevant to prompting.
+The `pydantic.Field` function is used to customize and add metadata to fields of models. To learn more, check out the Pydantic [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/fields/) as this is a near replica of that documentation that is relevant to prompting.
 
 ## Default values
 
@@ -88,15 +88,14 @@ print(date_range.model_dump_json())
 
 ## Customizing JSON Schema
 
-There are fields that exclusively to customise the generated JSON Schema:
+There are some fields that are exclusively used to customise the generated JSON Schema:
 
 - `title`: The title of the field.
 - `description`: The description of the field.
 - `examples`: The examples of the field.
 - `json_schema_extra`: Extra JSON Schema properties to be added to the field.
 
-These all work as great opportunities to add more information to the JSON Schema as part
-of your prompt engineering.
+These all work as great opportunities to add more information to the JSON schema as part of your prompt engineering.
 
 Here's an example:
 

docs/concepts/lists.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Defining a task and creating a list of classes is a common enough pattern that w
 
 ## Extracting Tasks using Iterable
 
-By using `Iterable` you get a very convient class with prompts and names automatically defined:
+By using `Iterable` you get a very convenient class with prompts and names automatically defined:
 
 ```python
 import instructor

docs/concepts/maybe.md

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Handling Missing Data
 
-The `Maybe` pattern is a concept in functional programming used for error handling. Instead of raising exceptions or returning `None`, you can use a `Maybe` type to encapsulate both the result and potential errors. This pattern is particularly useful when making llm calls, as providing language models with an escape hatch can effectively reduce hallucinations.
+The `Maybe` pattern is a concept in functional programming used for error handling. Instead of raising exceptions or returning `None`, you can use a `Maybe` type to encapsulate both the result and potential errors. 
+
+This pattern is particularly useful when making LLM calls, as providing language models with an escape hatch can effectively reduce hallucinations.
 
 ## Defining the Model
 

docs/concepts/models.md

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 # Response Model
 
-Defining llm output schemas in Pydantic is done via `pydantic.BaseModel`. To learn more about models in pydantic checkout their [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/).
+Defining LLM output schemas in Pydantic is done via `pydantic.BaseModel`. To learn more about models in Pydantic, check out their [documentation](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/).
 
-After defining a pydantic model, we can use it as as the `response_model` in your client `create` calls to openai. The job of the `response_model` is to define the schema and prompts for the language model and validate the response from the API and return a pydantic model instance.
+After defining a Pydantic model, we can use it as the `response_model` in your client `create` calls to OpenAI or any other supported model. The job of the `response_model` parameter is to: 
+- Define the schema and prompts for the language model
+- Validate the response from the API
+- Return a Pydantic model instance.
 
 ## Prompting
 
@@ -24,7 +27,7 @@ Here all docstrings, types, and field annotations will be used to generate the p
 
 ## Optional Values
 
-If we use `Optional` and `default` they will be considered not required when sent to the language model
+If we use `Optional` and `default`, they will be considered not required when sent to the language model
 
 ```python
 class User(BaseModel):
@@ -35,7 +38,7 @@ class User(BaseModel):
 
 ## Dynamic model creation
 
-There are some occasions where it is desirable to create a model using runtime information to specify the fields. For this Pydantic provides the create_model function to allow models to be created on the fly:
+There are some occasions where it is desirable to create a model using runtime information to specify the fields. For this, Pydantic provides the create_model function to allow models to be created on the fly:
 
 ```python
 from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ print(BarModel.model_fields.keys())
 
 ## Structural Pattern Matching
 
-Pydantic supports structural pattern matching for models, as introduced by PEP 636 in Python 3.10.
+Pydantic supports structural pattern matching for models, as introduced by [PEP 636](https://peps.python.org/pep-0636/) in Python 3.10.
 
 ```python
 from pydantic import BaseModel
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ match a:
 
 ## Adding Behavior
 
-We can add methods to our pydantic models just as any plain python class. We might want to do this to add some custom logic to our models.
+We can add methods to our Pydantic models, just as any plain Python class. We might want to do this to add some custom logic to our models.
 
 ```python
 from pydantic import BaseModel

docs/concepts/reask_validation.md

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # Validation and Reasking
 
-Instead of framing "self-critique" or "self-reflection" in AI as new concepts, we can view them as validation errors with clear error messages that the systen can use to self correct.
+Instead of framing "self-critique" or "self-reflection" in AI as new concepts, we can view them as validation errors with clear error messages that the system can use to self-correct.
 
 ## Pydantic
 
 Pydantic offers an customizable and expressive validation framework for Python. Instructor leverages Pydantic's validation framework to provide a uniform developer experience for both code-based and LLM-based validation, as well as a reasking mechanism for correcting LLM outputs based on validation errors. To learn more check out the [Pydantic docs](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/) on validators.
 
 !!! note "Good llm validation is just good validation"
 
-    If you want to see some more examples on validators checkout our blog post [Good llm validation is just good validation](https://jxnl.github.io/instructor/blog/2023/10/23/good-llm-validation-is-just-good-validation/)
+    If you want to see some more examples on validators checkout our blog post [Good LLM validation is just good validation](https://jxnl.github.io/instructor/blog/2023/10/23/good-llm-validation-is-just-good-validation/)
 
-### Code-Based Validation Example
+### Code-based Validation Example
 
 First define a Pydantic model with a validator using the `Annotation` class from `typing_extensions`.
 
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ except ValidationError as e:
 
 #### Output for LLM-Based Validation
 
-Its important to not here that the error message is generated by the LLM, not the code, so it'll be helpful for re asking the model.
+It is important to not here that the error message is generated by the LLM, not the code, so it'll be helpful for re asking the model.
 
 ```plaintext
 1 validation error for QuestionAnswer
@@ -92,14 +92,13 @@ answer
 
 Validators are a great tool for ensuring some property of the outputs. When you use the `patch()` method with the `openai` client, you can use the `max_retries` parameter to set the number of times you can reask the model to correct the output.
 
-Its a great layer of defense against bad outputs of two forms.
-
+It is a great layer of defense against bad outputs of two forms:
 1. Pydantic Validation Errors (code or llm based)
 2. JSON Decoding Errors (when the model returns a bad response)
 
 ### Step 1: Define the Response Model with Validators
 
-Noticed the field validator wants the name in uppercase, but the user input is lowercase. The validator will raise a `ValueError` if the name is not in uppercase.
+Notice that the field validator wants the name in uppercase, but the user input is lowercase. The validator will raise a `ValueError` if the name is not in uppercase.
 
 ```python hl_lines="11-16"
 import instructor
@@ -156,11 +155,10 @@ except (ValidationError, JSONDecodeError) as e:
 
 ## Advanced Validation Techniques
 
-The docs are currently incomplete, but we have a few advanced validation techniques that we're working on documenting better, for a example of model level validation, and using a validation context check out our example on [verifying citations](../examples/exact_citations.md) which covers
-
+The docs are currently incomplete, but we have a few advanced validation techniques that we're working on documenting better such as model level validation, and using a validation context. Check out our example on [verifying citations](../examples/exact_citations.md) which covers:
 1. Validate the entire object with all attributes rather than one attribute at a time
-2. Using some 'context' to validate the object, in this case we use the `context` to check if the citation existed in the original text.
+2. Using some 'context' to validate the object: In this case, we use the `context` to check if the citation existed in the original text.
 
 ## Takeaways
 
-By integrating these advanced validation techniques, we not only improve the quality and reliability of LLM-generated content but also pave the way for more autonomous and effective systems.
+By integrating these advanced validation techniques, we not only improve the quality and reliability of LLM-generated content, but also pave the way for more autonomous and effective systems.