Facade is pattern to manage subsystems
In example we want to manage car open and close - we have already wroten three subsystems - manage door, temperature inside and air conditioner
We could use facade to manage that subsystem as a one simple system/interface
Adapter is pattern to convert data/objects
In example we have client who have xml data and service that need json data to send
We have to implement adapter in the middle - some instance that will convert client data to correct data what service need
In example we cast string -> string but in more serious implementation adapter interface could look like:
public JsonData XmlToJsonConvert(XmlData data)
Builder pattern is used to create instances with diffrent configurations
In example we could build home with any combination of parameters: Garage, Garden and Swimming Pool
Singleton is pattern to have only one instance of object in global use
Example is object to communication with database