⬆️ Update repositories and adapt /etc/os-release for the updated kairos-agent and provider-kairos binaries (#1999)

[ci-robbot]

Bump of Kairos repositories

Important

Full package list from new repo

- name: edgevpn
  category: utils
  version: 0.24.6
- name: k3s-systemd
  category: k8s
  version: 1.28.2+1
- name: k9s
  category: utils
  version: 0.28.0
- name: kube-vip
  category: utils
  version: 0.6.3
- name: kubectl
  category: container
  version: 1.28.3
- name: nerdctl
  category: utils
  version: 1.7.0
- name: provider-kairos
  category: system
  version: 2.6.0

[jimmykarily]

Close in favor of: #2081