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Building an environmental catalog for galaxies

Author: Kayleigh Meneghini | Email: kayleighmeneghini@gmail.com

How to use

This package is available on PyPi.

For more details, please check this tutorial, using S-PLUS data.

# Installing 
pip install galaxy-environment
# import 
from galaxy_environment import environment

Any doubts about this package, please write to kayleighmeneghini@gmail.com


Introduction

The environment has a decisive role in how galaxies evolve. We observed a strong correlation between galaxy properties such as color, morphology and their environment. However, the definition of environment makes this type of study non-trivial, after all, we can consider the local environment, as the association of a central galaxy and its satellites, or on larger scales, groups and clusters of galaxies.

There are two wide methods used to define the galactic environment, these are: Nearest Neighbors and Fixed Apertures.

In this package I have implemented the calculation of environmental estimators by these two methods, using the Python routines developed by Wright (2006) for calculating distances in cosmology.

Method 1: Nearest Neighbors

The principle of Nearest Neighbors is that galaxies with closest neighbors are in denser environments and, therefore, have higher density fields. This method defines the galactic environment using a variable scale, depending on the number of neighbors of each galaxy. For each galaxy in the sample, values for k are chosen, this being the number of neighbors and calculate the distance to each of them around an interval of z.

Method 2: Fixed Apertures

This method, unlike the previous one, defines a scale for the environment around a fixed area or volume for each galaxy. So, the more galaxies within that area or volume, the denser the environment.

Method 3: Bayesian density estimator

An alternative method proposed by Ivezic et. al (2005), considering distances to all K neighbors instead of only the distance to the K-th nearest neighbor

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python package to measure the environment of galaxies

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