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Update to Kubernetes 1.18.6
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@kelseyhightower
kelseyhightower committed Jul 18, 2020
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions README.md
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Expand Up @@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ The target audience for this tutorial is someone planning to support a productio

Kubernetes The Hard Way guides you through bootstrapping a highly available Kubernetes cluster with end-to-end encryption between components and RBAC authentication.

* [kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) 1.15.3
* [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) 1.2.9
* [coredns](https://github.com/coredns/coredns) v1.6.3
* [cni](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) v0.7.1
* [etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) v3.4.0
* [kubernetes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes) v1.18.6
* [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) v1.3.6
* [coredns](https://github.com/coredns/coredns) v1.7.0
* [cni](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) v0.8.6
* [etcd](https://github.com/coreos/etcd) v3.4.10

## Labs

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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion deployments/coredns.yaml → deployments/coredns-1.7.0.yaml
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Expand Up @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ spec:
beta.kubernetes.io/os: linux
containers:
- name: coredns
image: coredns/coredns:1.6.2
image: coredns/coredns:1.7.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
resources:
limits:
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions docs/01-prerequisites.md
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Expand Up @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@

This tutorial leverages the [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com/) to streamline provisioning of the compute infrastructure required to bootstrap a Kubernetes cluster from the ground up. [Sign up](https://cloud.google.com/free/) for $300 in free credits.

[Estimated cost](https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator/#id=55663256-c384-449c-9306-e39893e23afb) to run this tutorial: $0.23 per hour ($5.46 per day).
[Estimated cost](https://cloud.google.com/products/calculator#id=873932bc-0840-4176-b0fa-a8cfd4ca61ae) to run this tutorial: $0.23 per hour ($5.50 per day).

> The compute resources required for this tutorial exceed the Google Cloud Platform free tier.
Expand All @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ This tutorial leverages the [Google Cloud Platform](https://cloud.google.com/) t

Follow the Google Cloud SDK [documentation](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/) to install and configure the `gcloud` command line utility.

Verify the Google Cloud SDK version is 262.0.0 or higher:
Verify the Google Cloud SDK version is 301.0.0 or higher:

```
gcloud version
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28 changes: 13 additions & 15 deletions docs/02-client-tools.md
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Expand Up @@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ Download and install `cfssl` and `cfssljson`:
### OS X

```
curl -o cfssl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/darwin/cfssl
curl -o cfssljson https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/darwin/cfssljson
curl -o cfssl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/darwin/cfssl
curl -o cfssljson https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/darwin/cfssljson
```

```
Expand All @@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ brew install cfssl

```
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/linux/cfssl \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/linux/cfssljson
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/linux/cfssl \
https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-the-hard-way/cfssl/1.4.1/linux/cfssljson
```

```
Expand All @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ sudo mv cfssl cfssljson /usr/local/bin/

### Verification

Verify `cfssl` and `cfssljson` version 1.3.4 or higher is installed:
Verify `cfssl` and `cfssljson` version 1.4.1 or higher is installed:

```
cfssl version
Expand All @@ -57,18 +57,16 @@ cfssl version
> output
```
Version: 1.3.4
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.13
Version: 1.4.1
Runtime: go1.12.12
```

```
cfssljson --version
```
```
Version: 1.3.4
Revision: dev
Runtime: go1.13
Version: 1.4.1
Runtime: go1.12.12
```

## Install kubectl
Expand All @@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ The `kubectl` command line utility is used to interact with the Kubernetes API S
### OS X

```
curl -o kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
curl -o kubectl https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl
```

```
Expand All @@ -92,7 +90,7 @@ sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
### Linux

```
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
```

```
Expand All @@ -105,7 +103,7 @@ sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/

### Verification

Verify `kubectl` version 1.15.3 or higher is installed:
Verify `kubectl` version 1.18.6 or higher is installed:

```
kubectl version --client
Expand All @@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ kubectl version --client
> output
```
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"15", GitVersion:"v1.15.3", GitCommit:"2d3c76f9091b6bec110a5e63777c332469e0cba2", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2019-08-19T11:13:54Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.9", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"18", GitVersion:"v1.18.6", GitCommit:"dff82dc0de47299ab66c83c626e08b245ab19037", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-07-15T16:58:53Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.9", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
```

Next: [Provisioning Compute Resources](03-compute-resources.md)
42 changes: 20 additions & 22 deletions docs/03-compute-resources.md
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Expand Up @@ -63,9 +63,9 @@ gcloud compute firewall-rules list --filter="network:kubernetes-the-hard-way"
> output
```
NAME NETWORK DIRECTION PRIORITY ALLOW DENY
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp:22,tcp:6443,icmp
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp,udp,icmp
NAME NETWORK DIRECTION PRIORITY ALLOW DENY DISABLED
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-external kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp:22,tcp:6443,icmp False
kubernetes-the-hard-way-allow-internal kubernetes-the-hard-way INGRESS 1000 tcp,udp,icmp Fals
```

### Kubernetes Public IP Address
Expand All @@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ gcloud compute addresses list --filter="name=('kubernetes-the-hard-way')"
> output
```
NAME REGION ADDRESS STATUS
kubernetes-the-hard-way us-west1 XX.XXX.XXX.XX RESERVED
NAME ADDRESS/RANGE TYPE PURPOSE NETWORK REGION SUBNET STATUS
kubernetes-the-hard-way XX.XXX.XXX.XXX EXTERNAL us-west1 RESERVED
```

## Compute Instances

The compute instances in this lab will be provisioned using [Ubuntu Server](https://www.ubuntu.com/server) 18.04, which has good support for the [containerd container runtime](https://github.com/containerd/containerd). Each compute instance will be provisioned with a fixed private IP address to simplify the Kubernetes bootstrapping process.
The compute instances in this lab will be provisioned using [Ubuntu Server](https://www.ubuntu.com/server) 20.04, which has good support for the [containerd container runtime](https://github.com/containerd/containerd). Each compute instance will be provisioned with a fixed private IP address to simplify the Kubernetes bootstrapping process.

### Kubernetes Controllers

Expand All @@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ for i in 0 1 2; do
--async \
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
--can-ip-forward \
--image-family ubuntu-1804-lts \
--image-family ubuntu-2004-lts \
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
--machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--machine-type e2-standard-2 \
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.1${i} \
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
--subnet kubernetes \
Expand All @@ -128,9 +128,9 @@ for i in 0 1 2; do
--async \
--boot-disk-size 200GB \
--can-ip-forward \
--image-family ubuntu-1804-lts \
--image-family ubuntu-2004-lts \
--image-project ubuntu-os-cloud \
--machine-type n1-standard-1 \
--machine-type e2-standard-2 \
--metadata pod-cidr=10.200.${i}.0/24 \
--private-network-ip 10.240.0.2${i} \
--scopes compute-rw,storage-ro,service-management,service-control,logging-write,monitoring \
Expand All @@ -144,19 +144,19 @@ done
List the compute instances in your default compute zone:

```
gcloud compute instances list
gcloud compute instances list --filter="tags.items=kubernetes-the-hard-way"
```

> output
```
NAME ZONE MACHINE_TYPE PREEMPTIBLE INTERNAL_IP EXTERNAL_IP STATUS
controller-0 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.10 XX.XXX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
controller-1 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.11 XX.XXX.X.XX RUNNING
controller-2 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.12 XX.XXX.XXX.XX RUNNING
worker-0 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.20 XXX.XXX.XXX.XX RUNNING
worker-1 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.21 XX.XXX.XX.XXX RUNNING
worker-2 us-west1-c n1-standard-1 10.240.0.22 XXX.XXX.XX.XX RUNNING
NAME ZONE MACHINE_TYPE PREEMPTIBLE INTERNAL_IP EXTERNAL_IP STATUS
controller-0 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.10 XX.XX.XX.XXX RUNNING
controller-1 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.11 XX.XXX.XXX.XX RUNNING
controller-2 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.12 XX.XXX.XX.XXX RUNNING
worker-0 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.20 XX.XX.XXX.XXX RUNNING
worker-1 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.21 XX.XX.XX.XXX RUNNING
worker-2 us-west1-c e2-standard-2 10.240.0.22 XX.XXX.XX.XX RUNNING
```

## Configuring SSH Access
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -208,10 +208,8 @@ Waiting for SSH key to propagate.
After the SSH keys have been updated you'll be logged into the `controller-0` instance:

```
Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-1042-gcp x86_64)
Welcome to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-1019-gcp x86_64)
...
Last login: Sun Sept 14 14:34:27 2019 from XX.XXX.XXX.XX
```

Type `exit` at the prompt to exit the `controller-0` compute instance:
Expand All @@ -223,7 +221,7 @@ $USER@controller-0:~$ exit
```
logout
Connection to XX.XXX.XXX.XXX closed
Connection to XX.XX.XX.XXX closed
```

Next: [Provisioning a CA and Generating TLS Certificates](04-certificate-authority.md)
13 changes: 7 additions & 6 deletions docs/07-bootstrapping-etcd.md
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Expand Up @@ -22,15 +22,15 @@ Download the official etcd release binaries from the [etcd](https://github.com/e

```
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
"https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.0/etcd-v3.4.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
"https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.10/etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
```

Extract and install the `etcd` server and the `etcdctl` command line utility:

```
{
tar -xvf etcd-v3.4.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv etcd-v3.4.0-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
tar -xvf etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv etcd-v3.4.10-linux-amd64/etcd* /usr/local/bin/
}
```

Expand All @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ Extract and install the `etcd` server and the `etcdctl` command line utility:
```
{
sudo mkdir -p /etc/etcd /var/lib/etcd
sudo chmod 700 /var/lib/etcd
sudo cp ca.pem kubernetes-key.pem kubernetes.pem /etc/etcd/
}
```
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -119,9 +120,9 @@ sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl member list \
> output
```
3a57933972cb5131, started, controller-2, https://10.240.0.12:2380, https://10.240.0.12:2379
f98dc20bce6225a0, started, controller-0, https://10.240.0.10:2380, https://10.240.0.10:2379
ffed16798470cab5, started, controller-1, https://10.240.0.11:2380, https://10.240.0.11:2379
3a57933972cb5131, started, controller-2, https://10.240.0.12:2380, https://10.240.0.12:2379, false
f98dc20bce6225a0, started, controller-0, https://10.240.0.10:2380, https://10.240.0.10:2379, false
ffed16798470cab5, started, controller-1, https://10.240.0.11:2380, https://10.240.0.11:2379, false
```

Next: [Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane](08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md)
37 changes: 19 additions & 18 deletions docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md
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Expand Up @@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ Download the official Kubernetes release binaries:

```
wget -q --show-progress --https-only --timestamping \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.3/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/linux/amd64/kube-apiserver" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/linux/amd64/kube-controller-manager" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/linux/amd64/kube-scheduler" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.18.6/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
```

Install the Kubernetes binaries:
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-apiserver \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/var/lib/kubernetes/kubernetes-key.pem \\
--kubelet-https=true \\
--runtime-config=api/all \\
--runtime-config='api/all=true' \\
--service-account-key-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/service-account.pem \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.32.0.0/24 \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
--address=0.0.0.0 \\
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
--cluster-cidr=10.200.0.0/16 \\
--cluster-name=kubernetes \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/var/lib/kubernetes/ca.pem \\
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -250,12 +250,12 @@ kubectl get componentstatuses --kubeconfig admin.kubeconfig
```

```
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health":"true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health":"true"}
```

Test the nginx HTTP health check proxy:
Expand All @@ -266,11 +266,12 @@ curl -H "Host: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" -i http://127.0.0.1/healthz

```
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.0 (Ubuntu)
Date: Sat, 14 Sep 2019 18:34:11 GMT
Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)
Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2020 06:20:48 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 2
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: no-cache, private
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
ok
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -402,12 +403,12 @@ curl --cacert ca.pem https://${KUBERNETES_PUBLIC_ADDRESS}:6443/version
```
{
"major": "1",
"minor": "15",
"gitVersion": "v1.15.3",
"gitCommit": "2d3c76f9091b6bec110a5e63777c332469e0cba2",
"minor": "18",
"gitVersion": "v1.18.6",
"gitCommit": "dff82dc0de47299ab66c83c626e08b245ab19037",
"gitTreeState": "clean",
"buildDate": "2019-08-19T11:05:50Z",
"goVersion": "go1.12.9",
"buildDate": "2020-07-15T16:51:04Z",
"goVersion": "go1.13.9",
"compiler": "gc",
"platform": "linux/amd64"
}
Expand Down

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