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modifs following issue #12
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everzeni committed Aug 1, 2017
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<sentence xml:id="P5E1">He was succeeded by <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Theresa May</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">13 July</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P5E2">The opposition <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Labour Party</ENAMEX> also faces a leadership challenge as a result of the <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">EU referendum</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P5E3"> In response to the result, the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">Scottish Government</ENAMEX> announced that it would plan for a possible second referendum on independence from the <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">United Kingdom</ENAMEX>, and announced that it would like &quot;discussions with the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> institutions and other member states to explore all the possible options to protect <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Scotland</ENAMEX>&apos;s place in the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>&quot;.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P5E4"> Meanwhile, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage, leader of the anti-EU UKIP</ENAMEX> stood down after his party&apos;s long-term ambition had been accomplished.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P5E4"> Meanwhile, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage</ENAMEX>, leader of the anti-<ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">UKIP</ENAMEX> stood down after his party&apos;s long-term ambition had been accomplished.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P6">
<sentence xml:id="P6E0">History</sentence>
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<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P21">
<sentence xml:id="P21E0">In early <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">2014</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Prime Minister David Cameron</ENAMEX> outlined the changes he aimed to bring about in the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> and in the <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">UK</ENAMEX>&apos;s relationship with it.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P21E1"> These were: additional immigration controls, especially for new <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> members; tougher immigration rules for present <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> citizens; new powers for national parliaments collectively to veto proposed <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> laws; new free trade agreements and a reduction in bureaucracy for businesses; a lessening of the influence of the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">European Court of Human Rights</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">UK</ENAMEX> police and courts; more power for individual member states and less for the central <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>; and abandoning the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> notion of &quot;ever closer union&quot;.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P21E2"> He intended to bring these about during a series of negotiations with other EU leaders and then, if re-elected, to announce a referendum.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P21E2"> He intended to bring these about during a series of negotiations with other <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> leaders and then, if re-elected, to announce a referendum.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P22">
<sentence xml:id="P22E0">In <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">November</ENAMEX> that year, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Cameron</ENAMEX> gave an update on the negotiations and further details of his aims.</sentence>
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<sentence xml:id="P27E0">The planned referendum was included in the <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Queen &apos;s Speech on 27 May 2015</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P27E1"> It was suggested at the time that <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Cameron</ENAMEX> was planning to hold the referendum in <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">October 2016</ENAMEX>, but the <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">European Union Referendum Act 2015</ENAMEX>, which authorised it, went before the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">House of Commons</ENAMEX> the following day, just <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">three weeks after the election</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P27E2"> On the bill&apos;s <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">second</ENAMEX> reading on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">9 June</ENAMEX>, members of the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">House of Commons</ENAMEX> voted by <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">544</ENAMEX> to <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">53</ENAMEX> in favour of it, endorsing the principle of holding a referendum, with only the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Scottish National Party</ENAMEX> voting against.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P27E3"> In contrast to the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Labour Party</ENAMEX>&apos;s position prior to the <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">2015 general election</ENAMEX> under <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Miliband</ENAMEX>, acting <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Labour leader Harriet Harman</ENAMEX> committed her party to supporting plans for an <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> referendum by <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">2017</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P27E3"> In contrast to the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Labour Party</ENAMEX>&apos;s position prior to the <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">2015 general election</ENAMEX> under <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Miliband</ENAMEX>, acting <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Labour</ENAMEX> leader <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Harriet Harman</ENAMEX> committed her party to supporting plans for an <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> referendum by <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">2017</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P28">
<sentence xml:id="P28E0">Administration</sentence>
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<sentence xml:id="P42E1">&quot;...</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E2">there seems to be no immediate legal means out of the stalemate.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E3">It is entirely up to the departing member state to trigger <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">article 50</ENAMEX>, by issuing formal notification of intention to leave: no one, in <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Brussels, Berlin or Paris</ENAMEX>, can force it to.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E4">But equally, there is nothing in <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">article 50</ENAMEX> that obliges the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> to start talks – including the informal talks the Brexit leaders want – before formal notification has been made. &quot;</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E4">But equally, there is nothing in <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">article 50</ENAMEX> that obliges the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> to start talks – including the informal talks the <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX> leaders want – before formal notification has been made. &quot;</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E5">There is no mechanism to compel a state to withdraw from the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">European Union</ENAMEX>,&quot; said <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Kenneth Armstrong</ENAMEX>, professor of European law at <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">Cambridge University</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E6">... &quot;</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P42E7">The notification of <ENAMEX type="LEGAL">article 50</ENAMEX> is a formal act and has to be done by the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">British government</ENAMEX> to the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">European council</ENAMEX>,&quot; an <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> official told <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">Reuters</ENAMEX>.&quot;</sentence>
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<sentence xml:id="P86E1"> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Alan Sugar</ENAMEX> expressed similar concern.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P87">
<sentence xml:id="P87E0">In <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">June 2016</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">James Dyson, founder of the Dyson company</ENAMEX>, argued that the introduction of tariffs would be less damaging for <ENAMEX type="NATIONAL">British</ENAMEX> exporters than the appreciation of the pound against the Euro, arguing that, as <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Britain</ENAMEX> ran a <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">100 billion</ENAMEX> pound trade deficit with the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>, tariffs could represent a significant revenue source for the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">Treasury</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P87E1"> Pointing out that languages, plugs and laws differ between <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> member states, <ENAMEX type="BUSINESS">Dyson</ENAMEX> said that the <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">28</ENAMEX>-country bloc was not a single market, and argued the fastest growing markets were outside the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P87E0">In <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">June 2016</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">James Dyson</ENAMEX>, founder of the <ENAMEX type="BUSINESS">Dyson company</ENAMEX>, argued that the introduction of tariffs would be less damaging for <ENAMEX type="NATIONAL">British</ENAMEX> exporters than the appreciation of the pound against the Euro, arguing that, as <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Britain</ENAMEX> ran a <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">100 billion</ENAMEX> pound trade deficit with the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>, tariffs could represent a significant revenue source for the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">Treasury</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P87E1"> Pointing out that languages, plugs and laws differ between <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> member states, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Dyson</ENAMEX> said that the <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">28</ENAMEX>-country bloc was not a single market, and argued the fastest growing markets were outside the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P87E2"> Engineering company <ENAMEX type="BUSINESS">Rolls-Royce</ENAMEX> wrote to employees to say that it did not want the <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">UK</ENAMEX> to leave the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P88">
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<sentence xml:id="P96E1"> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Former Czech President Václav Klaus</ENAMEX> said that <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Britain</ENAMEX>&apos;s departure from the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX> would be a bigger non-event than the <ENAMEX type="EVENT">dissolution of Czechoslovakia</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P97">
<sentence xml:id="P97E0"><ENAMEX type="PERSON">Marine Le Pen, the leader of the French Front national</ENAMEX>, described the possibility of a <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX> as &quot;like the <ENAMEX type="EVENT">fall of the Berlin Wall</ENAMEX>&quot; and commented that &quot;<ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX> would be marvellous – extraordinary – for all <ENAMEX type="NATIONAL">European</ENAMEX> peoples who long for freedom&quot;.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P97E0"><ENAMEX type="PERSON">Marine Le Pen</ENAMEX>, the leader of the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">French Front national</ENAMEX>, described the possibility of a <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX> as &quot;like the <ENAMEX type="EVENT">fall of the Berlin Wall</ENAMEX>&quot; and commented that &quot;<ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX> would be marvellous – extraordinary – for all <ENAMEX type="NATIONAL">European</ENAMEX> peoples who long for freedom&quot;.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P97E1"> A poll in <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">France</ENAMEX> showed that <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">59%</ENAMEX> of the <ENAMEX type="NATIONAL">French</ENAMEX> people were in favour of <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Britain</ENAMEX> remaining in the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P98">
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<sentence xml:id="P148E1"> A columnist for <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">The Times</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Philip Collins</ENAMEX>, went a step further in his analysis: &quot;This was a referendum about immigration disguised as a referendum about the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">European Union</ENAMEX>.&quot;</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P149">
<sentence xml:id="P149E0">The <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Conservative MEP (Member of the European Parliament) representing South East England, Daniel Hannan</ENAMEX>, predicted on the <ENAMEX type="CREATION">BBC program Newsnight</ENAMEX> that the level of immigration would remain high after <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P149E0">The <ENAMEX type="TITLE">Conservative MEP (Member of the European Parliament</ENAMEX> representing <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">South East England</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Daniel Hannan</ENAMEX>, predicted on the <ENAMEX type="CREATION">BBC program Newsnight</ENAMEX> that the level of immigration would remain high after <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Brexit</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P149E1"> &quot;Frankly, if people watching think that they have voted and there is now going to be <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">zero</ENAMEX> immigration from the <ENAMEX type="INSTITUTION">EU</ENAMEX>, they are going to be disappointed.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P149E2">...</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P149E3">you will look in vain for anything that the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Leave campaign</ENAMEX> said at any point that ever suggested there would ever be any kind of border closure or drawing up of the drawbridge.&quot;</sentence>
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<sentence xml:id="P154E0">Debates, Q&amp;A sessions and interviews</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P155">
<sentence xml:id="P155E0">A debate was held by <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">The Guardian</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">15 March 2016</ENAMEX>, featuring the <ENAMEX type="PERSON">leader of UKIP Nigel Farage, Conservative MP Andrea Leadsom, the leader of Labour &apos;s &quot;yes&quot; campaign Alan Johnson and former leader of the Liberal Democrats Nick Clegg</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P155E0">A debate was held by <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">The Guardian</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">15 March 2016</ENAMEX>, featuring the leader of <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">UKIP</ENAMEX> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage</ENAMEX>, <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Conservative MP Andrea Leadsom</ENAMEX>, the leader of <ENAMEX type="EVENT">Labour &apos;s &quot;yes&quot; campaign</ENAMEX> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Alan Johnson</ENAMEX> and former leader of the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Liberal Democrats</ENAMEX> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nick Clegg</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P156">
<sentence xml:id="P156E0">Earlier in the campaign, on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">11 January</ENAMEX>, a debate took place between <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage and Carwyn Jones</ENAMEX>, who was at the time the <ENAMEX type="TITLE">First Minister of Wales and leader of the Welsh Labour Party</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P156E0">Earlier in the campaign, on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">11 January</ENAMEX>, a debate took place between <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage and Carwyn Jones</ENAMEX>, who was at the time the <ENAMEX type="TITLE">First Minister of Wales</ENAMEX> and leader of the <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Welsh Labour Party</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P156E1"> Reluctance to have <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Conservative Party</ENAMEX> members argue against one another has seen some debates split, with <ENAMEX type="ORGANISATION">Leave and Remain</ENAMEX> candidates interviewed separately.</sentence>
</p>
<p xml:lang="en" xml:id="P157">
<sentence xml:id="P157E0"><ENAMEX type="MEDIA">The Spectator</ENAMEX> held a debate hosted by <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Andrew Neil</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">26 April</ENAMEX>, which featured <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nick Clegg, Liz Kendall and Chuka Umunna</ENAMEX> arguing for a remain vote, and <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage, Daniel Hannan and Kate Hoey</ENAMEX> arguing for a leave vote.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P157E1"> The <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">Daily Express</ENAMEX> held a debate on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">3 June</ENAMEX>, featuring <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage, Labour MP Kate Hoey and Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg</ENAMEX> debating <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Labour MPs Siobhain McDonagh and Chuka Umunna</ENAMEX> and businessman <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Richard Reed, co-founder of Innocent drinks</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P157E1"> The <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">Daily Express</ENAMEX> held a debate on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">3 June</ENAMEX>, featuring <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Nigel Farage, Labour MP Kate Hoey and Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg</ENAMEX> debating <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Labour MPs Siobhain McDonagh and Chuka Umunna</ENAMEX> and businessman <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Richard Reed</ENAMEX>, co-founder of <ENAMEX type="BUSINESS">Innocent drinks</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P157E2"> <ENAMEX type="MEDIA">Essex TV</ENAMEX> produced a documentary named &apos;<ENAMEX type="CREATION">Is Essex IN or OUT</ENAMEX>&apos; released on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">20 June</ENAMEX>, featuring <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Boris Johnson</ENAMEX>, local public figures and various members of the public from <ENAMEX type="LOCATION">Essex</ENAMEX>.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P157E3"> <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Andrew Neil</ENAMEX> presented <ENAMEX type="MEASURE">four</ENAMEX> interviews ahead of the referendum.</sentence>
<sentence xml:id="P157E4">The interviewees were <ENAMEX type="PERSON">Hilary Benn, George Osborne, Nigel Farage and Iain Duncan Smith</ENAMEX> on <ENAMEX type="PERIOD">6, 8, 10 and 17 May</ENAMEX>, respectively.</sentence>
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