feat: Add visualizing code blocks based on the pythontutor (#1029)

* Update copyright * Update the Python code * Fix the code comments in ArrayBinaryTree * Fix the code comments in ArrayBinaryTree * Roll back time_comlexity.py * Add the visualizing code(pythontutor) blocks to the chapter complexity, data structure, array and linked list, stack and queue, hash table, and backtracking * Fix the code comments
krahets · Jan 6, 2024 · ddd375a · ddd375a
1 parent 0f5b924
commit ddd375a
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Showing 61 changed files with 434 additions and 40 deletions.
diff --git a/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c b/codes/c/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.c
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void delArrayBinaryTree(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
     free(abt);
 }
 
-/* 节点数量 */
+/* 列表容量 */
 int size(ArrayBinaryTree *abt) {
     return abt->size;
 }

diff --git a/codes/cpp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cpp b/codes/cpp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cpp
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class MyList {
         if (index < 0 || index >= size())
             throw out_of_range("索引越界");
         int num = arr[index];
-        // 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+        // 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
         for (int j = index; j < size() - 1; j++) {
             arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
         }

diff --git a/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cpp b/codes/cpp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class ArrayBinaryTree {
         tree = arr;
     }
 
-    /* 节点数量 */
+    /* 列表容量 */
     int size() {
         return tree.size();
     }

diff --git a/codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cs b/codes/csharp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.cs
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class MyList {
         if (index < 0 || index >= arrSize)
             throw new IndexOutOfRangeException("索引越界");
         int num = arr[index];
-        // 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+        // 将将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
         for (int j = index; j < arrSize - 1; j++) {
             arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
         }

diff --git a/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cs b/codes/csharp/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace hello_algo.chapter_tree;
 public class ArrayBinaryTree(List<int?> arr) {
     List<int?> tree = new(arr);
 
-    /* 节点数量 */
+    /* 列表容量 */
     public int Size() {
         return tree.Count;
     }

diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.dart
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class MyList {
   int remove(int index) {
     if (index >= _size) throw RangeError('索引越界');
     int _num = _arr[index];
-    // 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+    // 将将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
     for (var j = index; j < _size - 1; j++) {
       _arr[j] = _arr[j + 1];
     }

diff --git a/codes/dart/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.dart b/codes/dart/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.dart
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class ArrayBinaryTree {
   /* 构造方法 */
   ArrayBinaryTree(this._tree);
 
-  /* 节点数量 */
+  /* 列表容量 */
   int size() {
     return _tree.length;
   }

diff --git a/codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.go b/codes/go/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.go
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (l *myList) remove(index int) int {
 		panic("索引越界")
 	}
 	num := l.arr[index]
-	// 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+	// 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
 	for j := index; j < l.arrSize-1; j++ {
 		l.arr[j] = l.arr[j+1]
 	}

diff --git a/codes/go/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.go b/codes/go/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ func newArrayBinaryTree(arr []any) *arrayBinaryTree {
 	}
 }
 
-/* 节点数量 */
+/* 列表容量 */
 func (abt *arrayBinaryTree) size() int {
 	return len(abt.tree)
 }

diff --git a/codes/java/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.java b/codes/java/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.java
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public int remove(int index) {
         if (index < 0 || index >= size)
             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("索引越界");
         int num = arr[index];
-        // 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+        // 将将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
         for (int j = index; j < size - 1; j++) {
             arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
         }

diff --git a/codes/java/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.java b/codes/java/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ public ArrayBinaryTree(List<Integer> arr) {
         tree = new ArrayList<>(arr);
     }
 
-    /* 节点数量 */
+    /* 列表容量 */
     public int size() {
         return tree.size();
     }

diff --git a/codes/javascript/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.js b/codes/javascript/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.js
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class MyList {
     remove(index) {
         if (index < 0 || index >= this.#size) throw new Error('索引越界');
         let num = this.#arr[index];
-        // 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+        // 将将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
         for (let j = index; j < this.#size - 1; j++) {
             this.#arr[j] = this.#arr[j + 1];
         }

diff --git a/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.js b/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.js
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ArrayBinaryTree {
         this.#tree = arr;
     }
 
-    /* 节点数量 */
+    /* 列表容量 */
     size() {
         return this.#tree.length;
     }

diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.py b/codes/python/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def remove(self, index: int) -> int:
         if index < 0 or index >= self._size:
             raise IndexError("索引越界")
         num = self._arr[index]
-        # 索引 i 之后的元素都向前移动一位
+        # 将索引 index 之后的元素都向前移动一位
         for j in range(index, self._size - 1):
             self._arr[j] = self._arr[j + 1]
         # 更新元素数量

diff --git a/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py b/codes/python/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def __init__(self, arr: list[int | None]):
         self._tree = list(arr)
 
     def size(self):
-        """节点数量"""
+        """列表容量"""
         return len(self._tree)
 
     def val(self, i: int) -> int:

diff --git a/codes/python/modules/__init__.py b/codes/python/modules/__init__.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
     ListNode,
     list_to_linked_list,
     linked_list_to_list,
-    get_list_node,
 )
 from .tree_node import TreeNode, list_to_tree, tree_to_list
 from .vertex import Vertex, vals_to_vets, vets_to_vals

diff --git a/codes/python/modules/list_node.py b/codes/python/modules/list_node.py
@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 
 
 class ListNode:
-    """Definition for a singly-linked list node"""
+    """链表节点类"""
 
     def __init__(self, val: int):
         self.val: int = val  # 节点值
         self.next: ListNode | None = None  # 后继节点引用
 
 
 def list_to_linked_list(arr: list[int]) -> ListNode | None:
-    """Generate a linked list with a list"""
+    """将列表序列化为链表"""
     dum = head = ListNode(0)
     for a in arr:
         node = ListNode(a)
@@ -24,16 +24,9 @@ def list_to_linked_list(arr: list[int]) -> ListNode | None:
 
 
 def linked_list_to_list(head: ListNode | None) -> list[int]:
-    """Serialize a linked list into an array"""
+    """将链表反序列化为列表"""
     arr: list[int] = []
     while head:
         arr.append(head.val)
         head = head.next
     return arr
-
-
-def get_list_node(head: ListNode | None, val: int) -> ListNode | None:
-    """Get a list node with specific value from a linked list"""
-    while head and head.val != val:
-        head = head.next
-    return head
diff --git a/codes/python/modules/print_util.py b/codes/python/modules/print_util.py
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@
 
 
 def print_matrix(mat: list[list[int]]):
-    """Print a matrix"""
+    """打印矩阵"""
     s = []
     for arr in mat:
         s.append("  " + str(arr))
     print("[\n" + ",\n".join(s) + "\n]")
 
 
 def print_linked_list(head: ListNode | None):
-    """Print a linked list"""
+    """打印链表"""
     arr: list[int] = linked_list_to_list(head)
     print(" -> ".join([str(a) for a in arr]))
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def print_tree(
     root: TreeNode | None, prev: Trunk | None = None, is_right: bool = False
 ):
     """
-    Print a binary tree
+    打印二叉树
     This tree printer is borrowed from TECHIE DELIGHT
     https://www.techiedelight.com/c-program-print-binary-tree/
     """
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ def print_tree(
 
 
 def print_dict(hmap: dict):
-    """Print a dict"""
+    """打印字典"""
     for key, value in hmap.items():
         print(key, "->", value)
 
 
 def print_heap(heap: list[int]):
-    """Print a heap both in array and tree representations"""
+    """打印堆"""
     print("堆的数组表示：", heap)
     print("堆的树状表示：")
     root: TreeNode | None = list_to_tree(heap)

diff --git a/codes/pythontutor/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.md b/codes/pythontutor/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<!--
+    File: array.md
+    Created Time: 2024-01-05
+    Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
+--->
+
+<!-- [file]{array}-[class]{}-[func]{random_access} -->
+https://pythontutor.com/render.html#code=import%20random%0A%0Adef%20random_access%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%9C%A8%E5%8C%BA%E9%97%B4%20%5B0,%20len%28nums%29-1%5D%20%E4%B8%AD%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%8A%BD%E5%8F%96%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%0A%20%20%20%20random_index%20%3D%20random.randint%280,%20len%28nums%29%20-%201%29%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E5%B9%B6%E8%BF%94%E5%9B%9E%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20random_num%20%3D%20nums%5Brandom_index%5D%0A%20%20%20%20return%20random_num%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%0A%20%20%20%20random_num%3A%20int%20%3D%20random_access%28nums%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%9C%A8%20nums%20%E4%B8%AD%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%22,%20random_num%29%0A&cumulative=false&curInstr=7&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=display&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false
+
+<!-- [file]{array}-[class]{}-[func]{insert} -->
+https://pythontutor.com/render.html#code=def%20insert%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20num%3A%20int,%20index%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E7%9A%84%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%20index%20%E5%A4%84%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%20num%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8A%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%20index%20%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%90%91%E5%90%8E%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%20-%201,%20index,%20-1%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nums%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%20-%201%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%B0%86%20num%20%E8%B5%8B%E7%BB%99%20index%20%E5%A4%84%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20nums%5Bindex%5D%20%3D%20num%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20insert%28nums,%206,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%9C%A8%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%203%20%E5%A4%84%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%206%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=display&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false
+
+<!-- [file]{array}-[class]{}-[func]{remove} -->
+https://pythontutor.com/render.html#code=def%20remove%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20index%3A%20int%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%20index%20%E5%A4%84%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%8A%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%20index%20%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%90%91%E5%89%8D%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28index,%20len%28nums%29%20-%201%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20nums%5Bi%5D%20%3D%20nums%5Bi%20%2B%201%5D%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20remove%28nums,%202%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%202%20%E5%A4%84%E7%9A%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=display&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false
+
+<!-- [file]{array}-[class]{}-[func]{traverse} -->
+https://pythontutor.com/render.html#code=def%20traverse%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20count%20%3D%200%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20count%20%2B%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20for%20num%20in%20nums%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20count%20%2B%3D%20num%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%90%8C%E6%97%B6%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%E5%92%8C%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i,%20num%20in%20enumerate%28nums%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20count%20%2B%3D%20nums%5Bi%5D%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20count%20%2B%3D%20num%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E9%81%8D%E5%8E%86%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20traverse%28nums%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=display&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false
+
+<!-- [file]{array}-[class]{}-[func]{find} -->
+https://pythontutor.com/render.html#code=def%20find%28nums%3A%20list%5Bint%5D,%20target%3A%20int%29%20-%3E%20int%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%22%22%22%E5%9C%A8%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%22%22%22%0A%20%20%20%20for%20i%20in%20range%28len%28nums%29%29%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20if%20nums%5Bi%5D%20%3D%3D%20target%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20return%20i%0A%20%20%20%20return%20-1%0A%0A%22%22%22Driver%20Code%22%22%22%0Aif%20__name__%20%3D%3D%20%22__main__%22%3A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E5%88%9D%E5%A7%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%0A%20%20%20%20nums%20%3D%20%5B1,%203,%202,%205,%204%5D%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84%20nums%20%3D%22,%20nums%29%0A%0A%20%20%20%20%23%20%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%0A%20%20%20%20index%3A%20int%20%3D%20find%28nums,%203%29%0A%20%20%20%20print%28%22%E5%9C%A8%20nums%20%E4%B8%AD%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%BE%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%203%20%EF%BC%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%88%B0%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95%20%3D%22,%20index%29&cumulative=false&curInstr=6&heapPrimitives=nevernest&mode=display&origin=opt-frontend.js&py=311&rawInputLstJSON=%5B%5D&textReferences=false
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