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feat: Revised the book (#978)
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* Sync recent changes to the revised Word.

* Revised the preface chapter

* Revised the introduction chapter

* Revised the computation complexity chapter

* Revised the chapter data structure

* Revised the chapter array and linked list

* Revised the chapter stack and queue

* Revised the chapter hashing

* Revised the chapter tree

* Revised the chapter heap

* Revised the chapter graph

* Revised the chapter searching

* Reivised the sorting chapter

* Revised the divide and conquer chapter

* Revised the chapter backtacking

* Revised the DP chapter

* Revised the greedy chapter

* Revised the appendix chapter

* Revised the preface chapter doubly

* Revised the figures
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krahets committed Dec 1, 2023
1 parent b824d14 commit e720aa2
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ void insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
nums[i] = nums[i - 1];
}
// 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
// 将 num 赋给 index 处的元素
nums[index] = num;
}

/* 删除索引 index 处元素 */
/* 删除索引 index 处的元素 */
// 注意:stdio.h 占用了 remove 关键词
void removeItem(int *nums, int size, int index) {
// 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main() {
ListNode *n2 = newListNode(2);
ListNode *n3 = newListNode(5);
ListNode *n4 = newListNode(4);
// 构建引用指向
// 构建节点之间的引用
n0->next = n1;
n1->next = n2;
n2->next = n3;
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10 changes: 5 additions & 5 deletions codes/c/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/my_list.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

#include "../utils/common.h"

/* 列表类简易实现 */
/* 列表类 */
typedef struct {
int *arr; // 数组(存储列表元素)
int capacity; // 列表容量
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void set(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {
nums->arr[index] = num;
}

/* 尾部添加元素 */
/* 在尾部添加元素 */
void add(MyList *nums, int num) {
if (size(nums) == capacity(nums)) {
extendCapacity(nums); // 扩容
Expand All @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ void add(MyList *nums, int num) {
nums->size++;
}

/* 中间插入元素 */
/* 在中间插入元素 */
void insert(MyList *nums, int index, int num) {
assert(index >= 0 && index < size(nums));
// 元素数量超出容量时,触发扩容机制
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ int *toArray(MyList *nums) {
int main() {
/* 初始化列表 */
MyList *nums = newMyList();
/* 尾部添加元素 */
/* 在尾部添加元素 */
add(nums, 1);
add(nums, 3);
add(nums, 2);
Expand All @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ int main() {
printArray(toArray(nums), size(nums));
printf("容量 = %d ,长度 = %d\n", capacity(nums), size(nums));

/* 中间插入元素 */
/* 在中间插入元素 */
insert(nums, 3, 6);
printf("在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = ");
printArray(toArray(nums), size(nums));
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6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions codes/c/chapter_backtracking/n_queens.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ void backtrack(int row, int n, char state[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], char ***res, int
// 计算该格子对应的主对角线和副对角线
int diag1 = row - col + n - 1;
int diag2 = row + col;
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、副对角线存在皇后
// 剪枝:不允许该格子所在列、主对角线、副对角线上存在皇后
if (!cols[col] && !diags1[diag1] && !diags2[diag2]) {
// 尝试:将皇后放置在该格子
state[row][col] = 'Q';
Expand All @@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ char ***nQueens(int n, int *returnSize) {
state[i][n] = '\0';
}
bool cols[MAX_SIZE] = {false}; // 记录列是否有皇后
bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // 记录主对角线是否有皇后
bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // 记录副对角线是否有皇后
bool diags1[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // 记录主对角线上是否有皇后
bool diags2[2 * MAX_SIZE - 1] = {false}; // 记录副对角线上是否有皇后

char ***res = (char ***)malloc(sizeof(char **) * MAX_SIZE);
*returnSize = 0;
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_computational_complexity/iteration.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ int whileLoop(int n) {
int whileLoopII(int n) {
int res = 0;
int i = 1; // 初始化条件变量
// 循环求和 1, 4, ...
// 循环求和 1, 4, 10, ...
while (i <= n) {
res += i;
// 更新条件变量
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions codes/c/chapter_divide_and_conquer/hanota.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ void move(int *src, int *srcSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {
(*tarSize)++;
}

/* 求解汉诺塔:问题 f(i) */
/* 求解汉诺塔问题 f(i) */
void dfs(int i, int *src, int *srcSize, int *buf, int *bufSize, int *tar, int *tarSize) {
// 若 src 只剩下一个圆盘,则直接将其移到 tar
if (i == 1) {
Expand All @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ void dfs(int i, int *src, int *srcSize, int *buf, int *bufSize, int *tar, int *t
dfs(i - 1, buf, bufSize, src, srcSize, tar, tarSize);
}

/* 求解汉诺塔 */
/* 求解汉诺塔问题 */
void solveHanota(int *A, int *ASize, int *B, int *BSize, int *C, int *CSize) {
// 将 A 顶部 n 个圆盘借助 B 移到 C
dfs(*ASize, A, ASize, B, BSize, C, CSize);
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void backtrack(int *choices, int state, int n, int *res, int len) {

/* 爬楼梯:回溯 */
int climbingStairsBacktrack(int n) {
int choices[2] = {1, 2}; // 可选择向上爬 1 2 阶
int choices[2] = {1, 2}; // 可选择向上爬 1 阶或 2 阶
int state = 0; // 从第 0 阶开始爬
int *res = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int));
*res = 0; // 使用 res[0] 记录方案数量
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/coin_change.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int coinChangeDP(int coins[], int amt, int coinsSize) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
dp[0][a] = MAX;
}
// 状态转移:其余行列
// 状态转移:其余行和列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int a = 1; a <= amt; a++) {
if (coins[i - 1] > a) {
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/edit_distance.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ int editDistanceDP(char *s, char *t, int n, int m) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
dp[0][j] = j;
}
// 状态转移:其余行列
// 状态转移:其余行和列
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
if (s[i - 1] == t[j - 1]) {
Expand Down
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/knapsack.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ int myMax(int a, int b) {

/* 0-1 背包:暴力搜索 */
int knapsackDFS(int wgt[], int val[], int i, int c) {
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无容量,则返回价值 0
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无剩余容量,则返回价值 0
if (i == 0 || c == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 若超过背包容量,则只能不放入背包
// 若超过背包容量,则只能选择不放入背包
if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {
return knapsackDFS(wgt, val, i - 1, c);
}
Expand All @@ -30,15 +30,15 @@ int knapsackDFS(int wgt[], int val[], int i, int c) {

/* 0-1 背包:记忆化搜索 */
int knapsackDFSMem(int wgt[], int val[], int memCols, int **mem, int i, int c) {
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无容量,则返回价值 0
// 若已选完所有物品或背包无剩余容量,则返回价值 0
if (i == 0 || c == 0) {
return 0;
}
// 若已有记录,则直接返回
if (mem[i][c] != -1) {
return mem[i][c];
}
// 若超过背包容量,则只能不放入背包
// 若超过背包容量,则只能选择不放入背包
if (wgt[i - 1] > c) {
return knapsackDFSMem(wgt, val, memCols, mem, i - 1, c);
}
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_dynamic_programming/min_path_sum.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ int minPathSumDP(int grid[MAX_SIZE][MAX_SIZE], int n, int m) {
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
dp[i][0] = dp[i - 1][0] + grid[i][0];
}
// 状态转移:其余行列
// 状态转移:其余行和列
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j < m; j++) {
dp[i][j] = myMin(dp[i][j - 1], dp[i - 1][j]) + grid[i][j];
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_bfs.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ void graphBFS(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex *startVet, Vertex **res, int *resSize,
// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);
while (node != NULL) {
// 跳过已被访问过的顶点
// 跳过已被访问的顶点
if (!isVisited(visited, *visitedSize, node->vertex)) {
enqueue(queue, node->vertex); // 只入队未访问的顶点
visited[(*visitedSize)++] = node->vertex; // 标记该顶点已被访问
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_graph/graph_dfs.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void dfs(GraphAdjList *graph, Vertex **res, int *resSize, Vertex *vet) {
// 遍历该顶点的所有邻接顶点
AdjListNode *node = findNode(graph, vet);
while (node != NULL) {
// 跳过已被访问过的顶点
// 跳过已被访问的顶点
if (!isVisited(res, *resSize, node->vertex)) {
// 递归访问邻接顶点
dfs(graph, res, resSize, node->vertex);
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_hashing/array_hash_map.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ typedef struct {
int len;
} MapSet;

/* 基于数组简易实现的哈希表 */
/* 基于数组实现的哈希表 */
typedef struct {
Pair *buckets[HASHTABLE_CAPACITY];
} ArrayHashMap;
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_heap/my_heap.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ int pop(MaxHeap *maxHeap) {
printf("heap is empty!");
return INT_MAX;
}
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素
swap(maxHeap, 0, size(maxHeap) - 1);
// 删除节点
int val = maxHeap->data[maxHeap->size - 1];
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions codes/c/chapter_searching/binary_search.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ int binarySearch(int *nums, int len, int target) {
return -1;
}

/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
/* 二分查找(左闭右开区间) */
int binarySearchLCRO(int *nums, int len, int target) {
// 初始化左闭右开 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
// 初始化左闭右开区间 [0, n) ,即 i, j 分别指向数组首元素、尾元素+1
int i = 0, j = len;
// 循环,当搜索区间为空时跳出(当 i = j 时为空)
while (i < j) {
Expand All @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ int main() {
int index = binarySearch(nums, 10, target);
printf("目标元素 6 的索引 = %d\n", index);

/* 二分查找(左闭右开) */
/* 二分查找(左闭右开区间) */
index = binarySearchLCRO(nums, 10, target);
printf("目标元素 6 的索引 = %d\n", index);

Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_sorting/bucket_sort.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ void bucketSort(float nums[], int size) {

// 1. 将数组元素分配到各个桶中
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
// 输入数据范围 [0, 1),使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
// 输入数据范围为 [0, 1),使用 num * k 映射到索引范围 [0, k-1]
int bucket_idx = nums[i] * k;
int j = 0;
// 如果桶中有数据且数据小于当前值 nums[i], 要将其放到当前桶的后面,相当于 cpp 中的 push_back
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_sorting/heap_sort.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void heapSort(int nums[], int n) {
}
// 从堆中提取最大元素,循环 n-1 轮
for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; --i) {
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(即交换首元素与尾元素
// 交换根节点与最右叶节点(交换首元素与尾元素
int tmp = nums[0];
nums[0] = nums[i];
nums[i] = tmp;
Expand Down
6 changes: 3 additions & 3 deletions codes/c/chapter_sorting/quick_sort.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void swap(int nums[], int i, int j) {
/* 快速排序类 */
// 快速排序类-哨兵划分
int partition(int nums[], int left, int right) {
// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
// 以 nums[left] 为基准数
int i = left, j = right;
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left]) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ int partitionMedian(int nums[], int left, int right) {
int med = medianThree(nums, left, (left + right) / 2, right);
// 将中位数交换至数组最左端
swap(nums, left, med);
// 以 nums[left] 作为基准数
// 以 nums[left] 为基准数
int i = left, j = right;
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && nums[j] >= nums[left])
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void quickSortTailCall(int nums[], int left, int right) {
while (left < right) {
// 哨兵划分操作
int pivot = partition(nums, left, right);
// 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快排
// 对两个子数组中较短的那个执行快速排序
if (pivot - left < right - pivot) {
quickSortTailCall(nums, left, pivot - 1); // 递归排序左子数组
left = pivot + 1; // 剩余未排序区间为 [pivot + 1, right]
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_sorting/radix_sort.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ int digit(int num, int exp) {

/* 计数排序(根据 nums 第 k 位排序) */
void countingSortDigit(int nums[], int size, int exp) {
// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶
// 十进制的位范围为 0~9 ,因此需要长度为 10 的桶数组
int *counter = (int *)malloc((sizeof(int) * 10));
// 统计 0~9 各数字的出现次数
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_stack_and_queue/linkedlist_deque.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ bool empty(LinkedListDeque *deque) {
/* 入队 */
void push(LinkedListDeque *deque, int num, bool isFront) {
DoublyListNode *node = newDoublyListNode(num);
// 若链表为空,则令 front, rear 都指向node
// 若链表为空,则令 front rear 都指向node
if (empty(deque)) {
deque->front = deque->rear = node;
}
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/c/chapter_tree/binary_tree.c
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ int main() {
TreeNode *n3 = newTreeNode(3);
TreeNode *n4 = newTreeNode(4);
TreeNode *n5 = newTreeNode(5);
// 构建引用指向(即指针
// 构建节点之间的引用(指针
n1->left = n2;
n1->right = n3;
n2->left = n4;
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions codes/cpp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/array.cpp
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ void insert(int *nums, int size, int num, int index) {
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
nums[i] = nums[i - 1];
}
// 将 num 赋给 index 处元素
// 将 num 赋给 index 处的元素
nums[index] = num;
}

/* 删除索引 index 处元素 */
/* 删除索引 index 处的元素 */
void remove(int *nums, int size, int index) {
// 把索引 index 之后的所有元素向前移动一位
for (int i = index; i < size - 1; i++) {
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion codes/cpp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/linked_list.cpp
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ int main() {
ListNode *n2 = new ListNode(2);
ListNode *n3 = new ListNode(5);
ListNode *n4 = new ListNode(4);
// 构建引用指向
// 构建节点之间的引用
n0->next = n1;
n1->next = n2;
n2->next = n3;
Expand Down
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions codes/cpp/chapter_array_and_linkedlist/list.cpp
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ int main() {
cout << "清空列表后 nums = ";
printVector(nums);

/* 尾部添加元素 */
/* 在尾部添加元素 */
nums.push_back(1);
nums.push_back(3);
nums.push_back(2);
Expand All @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int main() {
cout << "添加元素后 nums = ";
printVector(nums);

/* 中间插入元素 */
/* 在中间插入元素 */
nums.insert(nums.begin() + 3, 6);
cout << "在索引 3 处插入数字 6 ,得到 nums = ";
printVector(nums);
Expand Down
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