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                                <h1 id="controller-example">Controller Example</h1>
<p>This chapter walks through a simple Controller implementation.</p>
<p>This example is for the Controller for the ContainerSet API shown in the <a href="simple_resource.html">Resource Example</a>.
It uses the <a href="https://godoc.org/sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg" target="_blank">controller-runtime</a> libraries
to implement the Controller and Manager.</p>
<p>Unlike the Hello World example, here we use the underlying Controller libraries directly instead
of the higher-level <code>application</code> pattern libraries.  This gives greater control over
the Controller is configured.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>$ kubebuilder create api --group workloads --version v1beta1 --kind ContainerSet</p>
<p>pkg/controller/containerset/containerset_controller.go</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="setup">Setup</h2>
<div class="api-method"><div class="api-method-definition"><h4 id="containersetcontroller">ContainerSetController</h4>
<p>ContainerSetController has a single annotation:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>// +kubebuilder:rbac</code> creates RBAC rules in the <code>config/rbac/rbac_role.yaml</code> file when <code>make</code> is run.
This will ensure the Kubernetes ServiceAccount running the controller can read / write to the Deployment API.</li>
</ul>
<p>ContainerSetController has 2 variables:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>client.Client</code> is a client for reading / writing Kubernetes APIs.</li>
<li><code>scheme *runtime.Scheme</code> is a runtime.Scheme used by the library to set OwnerReferences.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="adding-a-controller-to-the-manager">Adding a Controller to the Manager</h4>
<p>Add creates a new Controller that will be started by the Manager.  When adding a Controller it is important to setup
Watch functions to trigger Reconciles.</p>
<p>Watch is a function that takes an event <code>source.Source</code> and a <code>handler.EventHandler</code>.  The Source provides events
for some type, and the EventHandler responds to events by enqueuing <code>reconcile.Request</code>s for objects.
Watch optionally takes a list of Predicates that may be used to filter events.</p>
<p>Sources</p>
<ul>
<li>To watch for create / update / delete events for an object use a <code>source.KindSource</code> e.g.
<code>source.KindSource{Type: &amp;v1.Pod}</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Handlers</p>
<ul>
<li>To enqueue a Reconcile for the object in the event use a <code>handler.EnqueueRequestForObject</code></li>
<li>To enqueue a Reconcile for the owner object that created the object in the event use a <code>handler.EnqueueRequestForOwner</code>
with the type of the owner e.g. <code>&amp;handler.EnqueueRequestForOwner{OwnerType: &amp;appsv1.Deployment{}, IsController: true}</code></li>
<li>To enqueue Reconcile requests for an arbitrary collection of objects in response to the event, use a
<code>handler.EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>Example:</p>
<ul>
<li>Create a new <code>ContainerSetController</code> struct that will.<ul>
<li>Invoke Reconcile with the Name and Namespace of a <em>ContainerSet</em> for <em>ContainerSet</em> create / update / delete events</li>
<li>Invoke Reconcile with the Name and Namespace of a <em>ContainerSet</em> for <em>Deployment</em> create / update / delete events</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="reference">Reference</h4>
<ul>
<li>See the <a href="https://godoc.org/sigs.k8s.io/controller-runtime/pkg" target="_blank">controller libraries</a> godocs for reference
documentation on the controller libraries.</li>
<li>See the <a href="https://godoc.org/github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder/pkg/gen/controller" target="_blank">controller code generation tags</a>
godocs for reference documentation on controller annotations.</li>
</ul>
</div><div class="api-method-code"><div class="api-method-sample" data-lang="go" data-name="Go"><pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> ContainerSetController <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
  client.Client
  scheme *runtime.Scheme
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> Add(mgr manager.Manager) error (
  <span class="hljs-comment">// Create a new Controller</span>
  c, err := controller.New(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;containerset-controller&quot;</span>, mgr,
    controller.Options{Reconciler: &amp;ContainerSetController{
      Client: mgr.GetClient(),
      scheme: mgr.GetScheme(),
  }})
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
  }

  <span class="hljs-comment">// Watch for changes to ContainerSet</span>
  err = c.Watch(
    &amp;source.Kind{Type:&amp;workloadsv1beta1.ContainerSet{}},
      &amp;handler.EnqueueRequestForObject{})
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
  }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Watch for changes to Deployments created by a ContainerSet and trigger a Reconcile for the owner</span>
  err = c.Watch(
    &amp;source.Kind{Type: &amp;appsv1.Deployment{}},
      &amp;handler.EnqueueRequestForOwner{
        IsController: <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>,
        OwnerType:    &amp;workloadsv1beta1.ContainerSet{},
      })
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> err
  }

  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}
</code></pre>
</div></div></div>

<p><div class="panel panel-warning"><div class="panel-heading"><div class="panel-icon"><i class="icon-warning"></i></div><div class="panel-title">Adding Annotations For Watches And CRUD Operations</div></div><div class="panel-content"><p>It is important<code>// +kubebuilder:rbac</code> annotations when adding Watches or CRUD operations
so that when the Controller is deployed it will have the correct permissions.</p>
<p><code>make</code> must be run anytime annotations are changed to regenerated code and configs.</p>
</div></div></p>
<h2 id="implementing-controller-reconcile">Implementing Controller Reconcile</h2>
<p><div class="panel panel-success"><div class="panel-heading"><div class="panel-icon"><i class="icon-success"></i></div><div class="panel-title">Level vs Edge</div></div><div class="panel-content"><p>The Reconcile function does not differentiate between create, update or deletion events.
Instead it simply reads the state of the cluster at the time it is called.</p>
</div></div></p>
<p>Reconcile uses a <code>client.Client</code> to read and write objects.  The Client is able to
read or write any type of runtime.Object (e.g. Kubernetes object), so users don&apos;t need
to generate separate clients for each collection of APIs.</p>
<div class="api-method"><div class="api-method-definition"><p>The business logic of the Controller is implemented in the <code>Reconcile</code> function.  This function takes the Namespace
 and Name of a ContainerSet, allowing multiple Events to be batched together into a single Reconcile call.</p>
<p>The function shown here creates or updates a Deployment using the replicas and image specified in
ContainerSet.Spec.  Note that it sets an OwnerReference for the Deployment to enable garbage collection
on the Deployment once the ContainerSet is deleted.</p>
<ol>
<li>Read the ContainerSet using the NamespacedName</li>
<li>If there is an error or it has been deleted, return</li>
<li>Create the new desired DeploymentSpec from the ContainerSetSpec</li>
<li>Read the Deployment and compare the Deployment.Spec to the ContainerSet.Spec</li>
<li>If the observed Deployment.Spec does not match the desired spec<ul>
<li>Deployment was not found: create a new Deployment</li>
<li>Deployment was found and changes are needed: update the Deployment</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
</div><div class="api-method-code"><div class="api-method-sample" data-lang="go" data-name="Go"><pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> _ reconcile.Reconciler = &amp;ContainerSetController{}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (r *ContainerSetController) Reconcile(request reconcile.Request) (
  reconcile.Result, error) {
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Read the ContainerSet</span>
  cs := &amp;workloadv1beta1.ContainerSet{}
  err := r.client.Get(context.TODO(), request.NamespacedName, cs)

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Handle deleted or error case</span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> errors.IsNotFound(err) {
      <span class="hljs-comment">// Not found.  Don&apos;t worry about cleaning up Deployments,</span>
      <span class="hljs-comment">// GC will handle it.</span>
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
    }
    <span class="hljs-comment">// Error reading the object - requeue the request.</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, err
  }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Calculate the expected Deployment Spec</span>
  spec := getDeploymentSpec(request)

    <span class="hljs-comment">// Read the Deployment</span>
  dep := &amp;appsv1.Deployment{}
  err := r.client.Get(context.TODO(), request.NamespacedName, dep)

    <span class="hljs-comment">// If not found, create it </span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> errors.IsNotFound(err) {
    dep = &amp;appsv1.Deployment{Spec: spec}
    dep.Name = request.Name
    dep.Namespace = request.Namespace
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := controllerutil.SetControllerReference(cs, deploy, r.scheme); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, err
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := r.Create(context.TODO(), dep); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, err
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
  }

    <span class="hljs-comment">// If found, update it</span>
    image := dep.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].Image
    replicas := *dep.Spec.Replicas
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> replicas == cs.Spec.Replicas &amp;&amp; image == cs.Spec.Image {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
    }
    dep.Spec.Replicas = &amp;cs.Spec.Replicas
    dep.Spec.Template.Spec.Containers[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>].Image = cs.Spec.Image
    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> err := r.Update(context.TODO(), dep); err != <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span> {
      <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, err
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> reconcile.Result{}, <span class="hljs-literal">nil</span>
}

<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> getDeploymentSpec(request reconcile.Request) *appsv1.DeploymentSpec {
  <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> &amp;appsv1.DeploymentSpec{
    Selector: &amp;metav1.LabelSelector{
      MatchLabels: <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{
        <span class="hljs-string">&quot;container-set&quot;</span>: request.Name},
      },
      Replicas: &amp;cs.Spec.Replicas,
      Template: corev1.PodTemplateSpec{
        ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
          Labels: <span class="hljs-keyword">map</span>[<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>]<span class="hljs-keyword">string</span>{
            <span class="hljs-string">&quot;container-set&quot;</span>: request.Name,
          },
        },
        Spec: corev1.PodSpec{
          Containers: []corev1.Container{
            {Name: request.Name,
             Image: cs.Spec.Image},
          },
        },
      },
    }
}
</code></pre>
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