loader.go

/*
Copyright 2014 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package clientcmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"reflect"
	goruntime "runtime"
	"strings"

	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
	"k8s.io/klog/v2"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
	utilerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
	restclient "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
	clientcmdapi "k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd/api"
	clientcmdlatest "k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd/api/latest"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/homedir"
)

const (
	RecommendedConfigPathFlag   = "kubeconfig"
	RecommendedConfigPathEnvVar = "KUBECONFIG"
	RecommendedHomeDir          = ".kube"
	RecommendedFileName         = "config"
	RecommendedSchemaName       = "schema"
)

var (
	RecommendedConfigDir  = filepath.Join(homedir.HomeDir(), RecommendedHomeDir)
	RecommendedHomeFile   = filepath.Join(RecommendedConfigDir, RecommendedFileName)
	RecommendedSchemaFile = filepath.Join(RecommendedConfigDir, RecommendedSchemaName)
)

// currentMigrationRules returns a map that holds the history of recommended home directories used in previous versions.
// Any future changes to RecommendedHomeFile and related are expected to add a migration rule here, in order to make
// sure existing config files are migrated to their new locations properly.
func currentMigrationRules() map[string]string {
	var oldRecommendedHomeFileName string
	if goruntime.GOOS == "windows" {
		oldRecommendedHomeFileName = RecommendedFileName
	} else {
		oldRecommendedHomeFileName = ".kubeconfig"
	}
	return map[string]string{
		RecommendedHomeFile: filepath.Join(os.Getenv("HOME"), RecommendedHomeDir, oldRecommendedHomeFileName),
	}
}

type ClientConfigLoader interface {
	ConfigAccess
	// IsDefaultConfig returns true if the returned config matches the defaults.
	IsDefaultConfig(*restclient.Config) bool
	// Load returns the latest config
	Load() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error)
}

type KubeconfigGetter func() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error)

type ClientConfigGetter struct {
	kubeconfigGetter KubeconfigGetter
}

// ClientConfigGetter implements the ClientConfigLoader interface.
var _ ClientConfigLoader = &ClientConfigGetter{}

func (g *ClientConfigGetter) Load() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	return g.kubeconfigGetter()
}

func (g *ClientConfigGetter) GetLoadingPrecedence() []string {
	return nil
}
func (g *ClientConfigGetter) GetStartingConfig() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	return g.kubeconfigGetter()
}
func (g *ClientConfigGetter) GetDefaultFilename() string {
	return ""
}
func (g *ClientConfigGetter) IsExplicitFile() bool {
	return false
}
func (g *ClientConfigGetter) GetExplicitFile() string {
	return ""
}
func (g *ClientConfigGetter) IsDefaultConfig(config *restclient.Config) bool {
	return false
}

// ClientConfigLoadingRules is an ExplicitPath and string slice of specific locations that are used for merging together a Config
// Callers can put the chain together however they want, but we'd recommend:
// EnvVarPathFiles if set (a list of files if set) OR the HomeDirectoryPath
// ExplicitPath is special, because if a user specifically requests a certain file be used and error is reported if this file is not present
type ClientConfigLoadingRules struct {
	ExplicitPath string
	Precedence   []string

	// MigrationRules is a map of destination files to source files.  If a destination file is not present, then the source file is checked.
	// If the source file is present, then it is copied to the destination file BEFORE any further loading happens.
	MigrationRules map[string]string

	// DoNotResolvePaths indicates whether or not to resolve paths with respect to the originating files.  This is phrased as a negative so
	// that a default object that doesn't set this will usually get the behavior it wants.
	DoNotResolvePaths bool

	// DefaultClientConfig is an optional field indicating what rules to use to calculate a default configuration.
	// This should match the overrides passed in to ClientConfig loader.
	DefaultClientConfig ClientConfig

	// WarnIfAllMissing indicates whether the configuration files pointed by KUBECONFIG environment variable are present or not.
	// In case of missing files, it warns the user about the missing files.
	WarnIfAllMissing bool
}

// ClientConfigLoadingRules implements the ClientConfigLoader interface.
var _ ClientConfigLoader = &ClientConfigLoadingRules{}

// NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules returns a ClientConfigLoadingRules object with default fields filled in.  You are not required to
// use this constructor
func NewDefaultClientConfigLoadingRules() *ClientConfigLoadingRules {
	chain := []string{}
	warnIfAllMissing := false

	envVarFiles := os.Getenv(RecommendedConfigPathEnvVar)
	if len(envVarFiles) != 0 {
		fileList := filepath.SplitList(envVarFiles)
		// prevent the same path load multiple times
		chain = append(chain, deduplicate(fileList)...)
		warnIfAllMissing = true

	} else {
		chain = append(chain, RecommendedHomeFile)
	}

	return &ClientConfigLoadingRules{
		Precedence:       chain,
		MigrationRules:   currentMigrationRules(),
		WarnIfAllMissing: warnIfAllMissing,
	}
}

// Load starts by running the MigrationRules and then
// takes the loading rules and returns a Config object based on following rules.
//
//	if the ExplicitPath, return the unmerged explicit file
//	Otherwise, return a merged config based on the Precedence slice
//
// A missing ExplicitPath file produces an error. Empty filenames or other missing files are ignored.
// Read errors or files with non-deserializable content produce errors.
// The first file to set a particular map key wins and map key's value is never changed.
// BUT, if you set a struct value that is NOT contained inside of map, the value WILL be changed.
// This results in some odd looking logic to merge in one direction, merge in the other, and then merge the two.
// It also means that if two files specify a "red-user", only values from the first file's red-user are used.  Even
// non-conflicting entries from the second file's "red-user" are discarded.
// Relative paths inside of the .kubeconfig files are resolved against the .kubeconfig file's parent folder
// and only absolute file paths are returned.
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) Load() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	if err := rules.Migrate(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	errlist := []error{}
	missingList := []string{}

	kubeConfigFiles := []string{}

	// Make sure a file we were explicitly told to use exists
	if len(rules.ExplicitPath) > 0 {
		if _, err := os.Stat(rules.ExplicitPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
			return nil, err
		}
		kubeConfigFiles = append(kubeConfigFiles, rules.ExplicitPath)

	} else {
		kubeConfigFiles = append(kubeConfigFiles, rules.Precedence...)
	}

	kubeconfigs := []*clientcmdapi.Config{}
	// read and cache the config files so that we only look at them once
	for _, filename := range kubeConfigFiles {
		if len(filename) == 0 {
			// no work to do
			continue
		}

		config, err := LoadFromFile(filename)

		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
			// skip missing files
			// Add to the missing list to produce a warning
			missingList = append(missingList, filename)
			continue
		}

		if err != nil {
			errlist = append(errlist, fmt.Errorf("error loading config file \"%s\": %v", filename, err))
			continue
		}

		kubeconfigs = append(kubeconfigs, config)
	}

	if rules.WarnIfAllMissing && len(missingList) > 0 && len(kubeconfigs) == 0 {
		klog.Warningf("Config not found: %s", strings.Join(missingList, ", "))
	}

	// first merge all of our maps
	mapConfig := clientcmdapi.NewConfig()

	for _, kubeconfig := range kubeconfigs {
		mergo.Merge(mapConfig, kubeconfig, mergo.WithOverride)
	}

	// merge all of the struct values in the reverse order so that priority is given correctly
	// errors are not added to the list the second time
	nonMapConfig := clientcmdapi.NewConfig()
	for i := len(kubeconfigs) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		kubeconfig := kubeconfigs[i]
		mergo.Merge(nonMapConfig, kubeconfig, mergo.WithOverride)
	}

	// since values are overwritten, but maps values are not, we can merge the non-map config on top of the map config and
	// get the values we expect.
	config := clientcmdapi.NewConfig()
	mergo.Merge(config, mapConfig, mergo.WithOverride)
	mergo.Merge(config, nonMapConfig, mergo.WithOverride)

	if rules.ResolvePaths() {
		if err := ResolveLocalPaths(config); err != nil {
			errlist = append(errlist, err)
		}
	}
	return config, utilerrors.NewAggregate(errlist)
}

// Migrate uses the MigrationRules map.  If a destination file is not present, then the source file is checked.
// If the source file is present, then it is copied to the destination file BEFORE any further loading happens.
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) Migrate() error {
	if rules.MigrationRules == nil {
		return nil
	}

	for destination, source := range rules.MigrationRules {
		if _, err := os.Stat(destination); err == nil {
			// if the destination already exists, do nothing
			continue
		} else if os.IsPermission(err) {
			// if we can't access the file, skip it
			continue
		} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
			// if we had an error other than non-existence, fail
			return err
		}

		if sourceInfo, err := os.Stat(source); err != nil {
			if os.IsNotExist(err) || os.IsPermission(err) {
				// if the source file doesn't exist or we can't access it, there's no work to do.
				continue
			}

			// if we had an error other than non-existence, fail
			return err
		} else if sourceInfo.IsDir() {
			return fmt.Errorf("cannot migrate %v to %v because it is a directory", source, destination)
		}

		data, err := os.ReadFile(source)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// destination is created with mode 0666 before umask
		err = os.WriteFile(destination, data, 0666)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// GetLoadingPrecedence implements ConfigAccess
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) GetLoadingPrecedence() []string {
	if len(rules.ExplicitPath) > 0 {
		return []string{rules.ExplicitPath}
	}

	return rules.Precedence
}

// GetStartingConfig implements ConfigAccess
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) GetStartingConfig() (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	clientConfig := NewNonInteractiveDeferredLoadingClientConfig(rules, &ConfigOverrides{})
	rawConfig, err := clientConfig.RawConfig()
	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
		return clientcmdapi.NewConfig(), nil
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return &rawConfig, nil
}

// GetDefaultFilename implements ConfigAccess
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) GetDefaultFilename() string {
	// Explicit file if we have one.
	if rules.IsExplicitFile() {
		return rules.GetExplicitFile()
	}
	// Otherwise, first existing file from precedence.
	for _, filename := range rules.GetLoadingPrecedence() {
		if _, err := os.Stat(filename); err == nil {
			return filename
		}
	}
	// If none exists, use the first from precedence.
	if len(rules.Precedence) > 0 {
		return rules.Precedence[0]
	}
	return ""
}

// IsExplicitFile implements ConfigAccess
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) IsExplicitFile() bool {
	return len(rules.ExplicitPath) > 0
}

// GetExplicitFile implements ConfigAccess
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) GetExplicitFile() string {
	return rules.ExplicitPath
}

// IsDefaultConfig returns true if the provided configuration matches the default
func (rules *ClientConfigLoadingRules) IsDefaultConfig(config *restclient.Config) bool {
	if rules.DefaultClientConfig == nil {
		return false
	}
	defaultConfig, err := rules.DefaultClientConfig.ClientConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	return reflect.DeepEqual(config, defaultConfig)
}

// LoadFromFile takes a filename and deserializes the contents into Config object
func LoadFromFile(filename string) (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	kubeconfigBytes, err := os.ReadFile(filename)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	config, err := Load(kubeconfigBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	klog.V(6).Infoln("Config loaded from file: ", filename)

	// set LocationOfOrigin on every Cluster, User, and Context
	for key, obj := range config.AuthInfos {
		obj.LocationOfOrigin = filename
		config.AuthInfos[key] = obj
	}
	for key, obj := range config.Clusters {
		obj.LocationOfOrigin = filename
		config.Clusters[key] = obj
	}
	for key, obj := range config.Contexts {
		obj.LocationOfOrigin = filename
		config.Contexts[key] = obj
	}

	if config.AuthInfos == nil {
		config.AuthInfos = map[string]*clientcmdapi.AuthInfo{}
	}
	if config.Clusters == nil {
		config.Clusters = map[string]*clientcmdapi.Cluster{}
	}
	if config.Contexts == nil {
		config.Contexts = map[string]*clientcmdapi.Context{}
	}

	return config, nil
}

// Load takes a byte slice and deserializes the contents into Config object.
// Encapsulates deserialization without assuming the source is a file.
func Load(data []byte) (*clientcmdapi.Config, error) {
	config := clientcmdapi.NewConfig()
	// if there's no data in a file, return the default object instead of failing (DecodeInto reject empty input)
	if len(data) == 0 {
		return config, nil
	}
	decoded, _, err := clientcmdlatest.Codec.Decode(data, &schema.GroupVersionKind{Version: clientcmdlatest.Version, Kind: "Config"}, config)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return decoded.(*clientcmdapi.Config), nil
}

// WriteToFile serializes the config to yaml and writes it out to a file.  If not present, it creates the file with the mode 0600.  If it is present
// it stomps the contents
func WriteToFile(config clientcmdapi.Config, filename string) error {
	content, err := Write(config)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	dir := filepath.Dir(filename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
		if err = os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := os.WriteFile(filename, content, 0600); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func lockFile(filename string) error {
	// TODO: find a way to do this with actual file locks. Will
	// probably need separate solution for windows and Linux.

	// Make sure the dir exists before we try to create a lock file.
	dir := filepath.Dir(filename)
	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
		if err = os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	f, err := os.OpenFile(lockName(filename), os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	f.Close()
	return nil
}

func unlockFile(filename string) error {
	return os.Remove(lockName(filename))
}

func lockName(filename string) string {
	return filename + ".lock"
}

// Write serializes the config to yaml.
// Encapsulates serialization without assuming the destination is a file.
func Write(config clientcmdapi.Config) ([]byte, error) {
	return runtime.Encode(clientcmdlatest.Codec, &config)
}

func (rules ClientConfigLoadingRules) ResolvePaths() bool {
	return !rules.DoNotResolvePaths
}

// ResolveLocalPaths resolves all relative paths in the config object with respect to the stanza's LocationOfOrigin
// this cannot be done directly inside of LoadFromFile because doing so there would make it impossible to load a file without
// modification of its contents.
func ResolveLocalPaths(config *clientcmdapi.Config) error {
	for _, cluster := range config.Clusters {
		if len(cluster.LocationOfOrigin) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		base, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Dir(cluster.LocationOfOrigin))
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not determine the absolute path of config file %s: %v", cluster.LocationOfOrigin, err)
		}

		if err := ResolvePaths(GetClusterFileReferences(cluster), base); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	for _, authInfo := range config.AuthInfos {
		if len(authInfo.LocationOfOrigin) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		base, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Dir(authInfo.LocationOfOrigin))
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("could not determine the absolute path of config file %s: %v", authInfo.LocationOfOrigin, err)
		}

		if err := ResolvePaths(GetAuthInfoFileReferences(authInfo), base); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// RelativizeClusterLocalPaths first absolutizes the paths by calling ResolveLocalPaths.  This assumes that any NEW path is already
// absolute, but any existing path will be resolved relative to LocationOfOrigin
func RelativizeClusterLocalPaths(cluster *clientcmdapi.Cluster) error {
	if len(cluster.LocationOfOrigin) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("no location of origin for %s", cluster.Server)
	}
	base, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Dir(cluster.LocationOfOrigin))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not determine the absolute path of config file %s: %v", cluster.LocationOfOrigin, err)
	}

	if err := ResolvePaths(GetClusterFileReferences(cluster), base); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := RelativizePathWithNoBacksteps(GetClusterFileReferences(cluster), base); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

// RelativizeAuthInfoLocalPaths first absolutizes the paths by calling ResolveLocalPaths.  This assumes that any NEW path is already
// absolute, but any existing path will be resolved relative to LocationOfOrigin
func RelativizeAuthInfoLocalPaths(authInfo *clientcmdapi.AuthInfo) error {
	if len(authInfo.LocationOfOrigin) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("no location of origin for %v", authInfo)
	}
	base, err := filepath.Abs(filepath.Dir(authInfo.LocationOfOrigin))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not determine the absolute path of config file %s: %v", authInfo.LocationOfOrigin, err)
	}

	if err := ResolvePaths(GetAuthInfoFileReferences(authInfo), base); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := RelativizePathWithNoBacksteps(GetAuthInfoFileReferences(authInfo), base); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func RelativizeConfigPaths(config *clientcmdapi.Config, base string) error {
	return RelativizePathWithNoBacksteps(GetConfigFileReferences(config), base)
}

func ResolveConfigPaths(config *clientcmdapi.Config, base string) error {
	return ResolvePaths(GetConfigFileReferences(config), base)
}

func GetConfigFileReferences(config *clientcmdapi.Config) []*string {
	refs := []*string{}

	for _, cluster := range config.Clusters {
		refs = append(refs, GetClusterFileReferences(cluster)...)
	}
	for _, authInfo := range config.AuthInfos {
		refs = append(refs, GetAuthInfoFileReferences(authInfo)...)
	}

	return refs
}

func GetClusterFileReferences(cluster *clientcmdapi.Cluster) []*string {
	return []*string{&cluster.CertificateAuthority}
}

func GetAuthInfoFileReferences(authInfo *clientcmdapi.AuthInfo) []*string {
	s := []*string{&authInfo.ClientCertificate, &authInfo.ClientKey, &authInfo.TokenFile}
	// Only resolve exec command if it isn't PATH based.
	if authInfo.Exec != nil && strings.ContainsRune(authInfo.Exec.Command, filepath.Separator) {
		s = append(s, &authInfo.Exec.Command)
	}
	return s
}

// ResolvePaths updates the given refs to be absolute paths, relative to the given base directory
func ResolvePaths(refs []*string, base string) error {
	for _, ref := range refs {
		// Don't resolve empty paths
		if len(*ref) > 0 {
			// Don't resolve absolute paths
			if !filepath.IsAbs(*ref) {
				*ref = filepath.Join(base, *ref)
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// RelativizePathWithNoBacksteps updates the given refs to be relative paths, relative to the given base directory as long as they do not require backsteps.
// Any path requiring a backstep is left as-is as long it is absolute.  Any non-absolute path that can't be relativized produces an error
func RelativizePathWithNoBacksteps(refs []*string, base string) error {
	for _, ref := range refs {
		// Don't relativize empty paths
		if len(*ref) > 0 {
			rel, err := MakeRelative(*ref, base)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// if we have a backstep, don't mess with the path
			if strings.HasPrefix(rel, "../") {
				if filepath.IsAbs(*ref) {
					continue
				}

				return fmt.Errorf("%v requires backsteps and is not absolute", *ref)
			}

			*ref = rel
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func MakeRelative(path, base string) (string, error) {
	if len(path) > 0 {
		rel, err := filepath.Rel(base, path)
		if err != nil {
			return path, err
		}
		return rel, nil
	}
	return path, nil
}

// deduplicate removes any duplicated values and returns a new slice, keeping the order unchanged
func deduplicate(s []string) []string {
	encountered := map[string]bool{}
	ret := make([]string, 0)
	for i := range s {
		if encountered[s[i]] {
			continue
		}
		encountered[s[i]] = true
		ret = append(ret, s[i])
	}
	return ret
}