persistent_volumes.go

/*
Copyright 2015 The Kubernetes Authors.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package storage

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	appsv1 "k8s.io/api/apps/v1"
	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"
	storagev1 "k8s.io/api/storage/v1"
	metav1 "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/labels"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/runtime/schema"
	types "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/types"
	utilerrors "k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/errors"
	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
	clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
	"k8s.io/client-go/util/retry"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/feature"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework"
	e2epod "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework/pod"
	e2epv "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework/pv"
	e2estatefulset "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework/statefulset"
	e2evolume "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/framework/volume"
	"k8s.io/kubernetes/test/e2e/storage/utils"
	imageutils "k8s.io/kubernetes/test/utils/image"
	admissionapi "k8s.io/pod-security-admission/api"

	"github.com/onsi/ginkgo/v2"
	"github.com/onsi/gomega"
	"github.com/onsi/gomega/gstruct"
)

// Validate PV/PVC, create and verify writer pod, delete the PVC, and validate the PV's
// phase. Note: the PV is deleted in the AfterEach, not here.
func completeTest(ctx context.Context, f *framework.Framework, c clientset.Interface, ns string, pv *v1.PersistentVolume, pvc *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim) {
	// 1. verify that the PV and PVC have bound correctly
	ginkgo.By("Validating the PV-PVC binding")
	framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitOnPVandPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pv, pvc))

	// 2. create the nfs writer pod, test if the write was successful,
	//    then delete the pod and verify that it was deleted
	ginkgo.By("Checking pod has write access to PersistentVolume")
	framework.ExpectNoError(createWaitAndDeletePod(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvc, "touch /mnt/volume1/SUCCESS && (id -G | grep -E '\\b777\\b')"))

	// 3. delete the PVC, wait for PV to become "Released"
	ginkgo.By("Deleting the PVC to invoke the reclaim policy.")
	framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.DeletePVCandValidatePV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvc, pv, v1.VolumeReleased))
}

// Validate pairs of PVs and PVCs, create and verify writer pod, delete PVC and validate
// PV. Ensure each step succeeds.
// Note: the PV is deleted in the AfterEach, not here.
// Note: this func is serialized, we wait for each pod to be deleted before creating the
//
//	next pod. Adding concurrency is a TODO item.
func completeMultiTest(ctx context.Context, f *framework.Framework, c clientset.Interface, ns string, pvols e2epv.PVMap, claims e2epv.PVCMap, expectPhase v1.PersistentVolumePhase) error {
	var err error

	// 1. verify each PV permits write access to a client pod
	ginkgo.By("Checking pod has write access to PersistentVolumes")
	for pvcKey := range claims {
		pvc, err := c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(pvcKey.Namespace).Get(ctx, pvcKey.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("error getting pvc %q: %w", pvcKey.Name, err)
		}
		if len(pvc.Spec.VolumeName) == 0 {
			continue // claim is not bound
		}
		// sanity test to ensure our maps are in sync
		_, found := pvols[pvc.Spec.VolumeName]
		if !found {
			return fmt.Errorf("internal: pvols map is missing volume %q", pvc.Spec.VolumeName)
		}
		// TODO: currently a serialized test of each PV
		if err = createWaitAndDeletePod(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvcKey.Namespace, pvc, "touch /mnt/volume1/SUCCESS && (id -G | grep -E '\\b777\\b')"); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// 2. delete each PVC, wait for its bound PV to reach `expectedPhase`
	ginkgo.By("Deleting PVCs to invoke reclaim policy")
	if err = e2epv.DeletePVCandValidatePVGroup(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvols, claims, expectPhase); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

var _ = utils.SIGDescribe("PersistentVolumes", func() {

	// global vars for the ginkgo.Context()s and ginkgo.It()'s below
	f := framework.NewDefaultFramework("pv")
	f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel = admissionapi.LevelPrivileged
	var (
		c         clientset.Interface
		ns        string
		pvConfig  e2epv.PersistentVolumeConfig
		pvcConfig e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig
		volLabel  labels.Set
		selector  *metav1.LabelSelector
		pv        *v1.PersistentVolume
		pvc       *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim
		err       error
	)
	f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel = admissionapi.LevelPrivileged

	ginkgo.BeforeEach(func() {
		c = f.ClientSet
		ns = f.Namespace.Name
		// Enforce binding only within test space via selector labels
		volLabel = labels.Set{e2epv.VolumeSelectorKey: ns}
		selector = metav1.SetAsLabelSelector(volLabel)
	})

	// Testing configurations of a single a PV/PVC pair, multiple evenly paired PVs/PVCs,
	// and multiple unevenly paired PV/PVCs
	ginkgo.Describe("NFS", func() {

		var (
			nfsServerPod *v1.Pod
			serverHost   string
		)

		ginkgo.BeforeEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
			_, nfsServerPod, serverHost = e2evolume.NewNFSServer(ctx, c, ns, []string{"-G", "777", "/exports"})
			pvConfig = e2epv.PersistentVolumeConfig{
				NamePrefix: "nfs-",
				Labels:     volLabel,
				PVSource: v1.PersistentVolumeSource{
					NFS: &v1.NFSVolumeSource{
						Server:   serverHost,
						Path:     "/exports",
						ReadOnly: false,
					},
				},
			}
			emptyStorageClass := ""
			pvcConfig = e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig{
				Selector:         selector,
				StorageClassName: &emptyStorageClass,
			}
		})

		ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
			framework.ExpectNoError(e2epod.DeletePodWithWait(ctx, c, nfsServerPod), "AfterEach: Failed to delete pod ", nfsServerPod.Name)
			pv, pvc = nil, nil
			pvConfig, pvcConfig = e2epv.PersistentVolumeConfig{}, e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig{}
		})

		ginkgo.Context("with Single PV - PVC pairs", func() {
			// Note: this is the only code where the pv is deleted.
			ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
				framework.Logf("AfterEach: Cleaning up test resources.")
				if errs := e2epv.PVPVCCleanup(ctx, c, ns, pv, pvc); len(errs) > 0 {
					framework.Failf("AfterEach: Failed to delete PVC and/or PV. Errors: %v", utilerrors.NewAggregate(errs))
				}
			})

			// Individual tests follow:
			//
			// Create an nfs PV, then a claim that matches the PV, and a pod that
			// contains the claim. Verify that the PV and PVC bind correctly, and
			// that the pod can write to the nfs volume.
			ginkgo.It("should create a non-pre-bound PV and PVC: test write access ", func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, false)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)
			})

			// Create a claim first, then a nfs PV that matches the claim, and a
			// pod that contains the claim. Verify that the PV and PVC bind
			// correctly, and that the pod can write to the nfs volume.
			ginkgo.It("create a PVC and non-pre-bound PV: test write access", func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVCPV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, false)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)
			})

			// Create a claim first, then a pre-bound nfs PV that matches the claim,
			// and a pod that contains the claim. Verify that the PV and PVC bind
			// correctly, and that the pod can write to the nfs volume.
			ginkgo.It("create a PVC and a pre-bound PV: test write access", func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVCPV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, true)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)
			})

			// Create a nfs PV first, then a pre-bound PVC that matches the PV,
			// and a pod that contains the claim. Verify that the PV and PVC bind
			// correctly, and that the pod can write to the nfs volume.
			ginkgo.It("create a PV and a pre-bound PVC: test write access", func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, true)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)
			})

			// Create new PV without claim, verify it's in Available state and LastPhaseTransitionTime is set.
			f.It("create a PV: test phase transition timestamp is set and phase is Available", feature.PersistentVolumeLastPhaseTransitionTime, func(ctx context.Context) {
				pvObj := e2epv.MakePersistentVolume(pvConfig)
				pv, err = e2epv.CreatePV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvObj)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// The new PV should transition phase to: Available
				err = e2epv.WaitForPersistentVolumePhase(ctx, v1.VolumeAvailable, c, pv.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionShortTimeout)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// Verify that new PV has phase transition timestamp set.
				pv, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes().Get(ctx, pv.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				if pv.Status.LastPhaseTransitionTime == nil {
					framework.Failf("New persistent volume %v should have LastPhaseTransitionTime value set, but it's nil.", pv.GetName())
				}
			})

			// Create PV and pre-bound PVC that matches the PV, verify that when PV and PVC bind
			// the LastPhaseTransitionTime filed of the PV is updated.
			f.It("create a PV and a pre-bound PVC: test phase transition timestamp is set", feature.PersistentVolumeLastPhaseTransitionTime, func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, true)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// The claim should transition phase to: Bound
				err = e2epv.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(ctx, v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, pvc.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionShortTimeout)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				pvc, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Get(ctx, pvc.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				pv, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes().Get(ctx, pvc.Spec.VolumeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				if pv.Status.LastPhaseTransitionTime == nil {
					framework.Failf("Persistent volume %v should have LastPhaseTransitionTime value set after transitioning phase, but it's nil.", pv.GetName())
				}
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)
			})

			// Create PV and pre-bound PVC that matches the PV, verify that when PV and PVC bind
			// the LastPhaseTransitionTime field of the PV is set, then delete the PVC to change PV phase to
			// released and validate PV LastPhaseTransitionTime correctly updated timestamp.
			f.It("create a PV and a pre-bound PVC: test phase transition timestamp multiple updates", feature.PersistentVolumeLastPhaseTransitionTime, func(ctx context.Context) {
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, true)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// The claim should transition phase to: Bound.
				err = e2epv.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(ctx, v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, pvc.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionShortTimeout)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				pvc, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns).Get(ctx, pvc.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				pv, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes().Get(ctx, pvc.Spec.VolumeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// Save first phase transition time.
				firstPhaseTransition := pv.Status.LastPhaseTransitionTime

				// Let test finish and delete PVC.
				completeTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pv, pvc)

				// The claim should transition phase to: Released.
				err = e2epv.WaitForPersistentVolumePhase(ctx, v1.VolumeReleased, c, pv.Name, 2*time.Second, framework.ClaimProvisionShortTimeout)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				// Verify the phase transition timestamp got updated chronologically *after* first phase transition.
				pv, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes().Get(ctx, pvc.Spec.VolumeName, metav1.GetOptions{})
				if !firstPhaseTransition.Before(pv.Status.LastPhaseTransitionTime) {
					framework.Failf("Persistent volume %v should have LastPhaseTransitionTime value updated to be chronologically after previous phase change: %v, but it's %v.", pv.GetName(), firstPhaseTransition, pv.Status.LastPhaseTransitionTime)
				}
			})
		})

		// Create multiple pvs and pvcs, all in the same namespace. The PVs-PVCs are
		// verified to bind, though it's not known in advanced which PV will bind to
		// which claim. For each pv-pvc pair create a pod that writes to the nfs mount.
		// Note: when the number of PVs exceeds the number of PVCs the max binding wait
		//   time will occur for each PV in excess. This is expected but the delta
		//   should be kept small so that the tests aren't unnecessarily slow.
		// Note: future tests may wish to incorporate the following:
		//   a) pre-binding, b) create pvcs before pvs, c) create pvcs and pods
		//   in different namespaces.
		ginkgo.Context("with multiple PVs and PVCs all in same ns", func() {

			// scope the pv and pvc maps to be available in the AfterEach
			// note: these maps are created fresh in CreatePVsPVCs()
			var pvols e2epv.PVMap
			var claims e2epv.PVCMap

			ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
				framework.Logf("AfterEach: deleting %v PVCs and %v PVs...", len(claims), len(pvols))
				errs := e2epv.PVPVCMapCleanup(ctx, c, ns, pvols, claims)
				if len(errs) > 0 {
					errmsg := []string{}
					for _, e := range errs {
						errmsg = append(errmsg, e.Error())
					}
					framework.Failf("AfterEach: Failed to delete 1 or more PVs/PVCs. Errors: %v", strings.Join(errmsg, "; "))
				}
			})

			// Create 2 PVs and 4 PVCs.
			// Note: PVs are created before claims and no pre-binding
			ginkgo.It("should create 2 PVs and 4 PVCs: test write access", func(ctx context.Context) {
				numPVs, numPVCs := 2, 4
				pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvConfig, pvcConfig)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitAndVerifyBinds(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvols, claims, true))
				framework.ExpectNoError(completeMultiTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pvols, claims, v1.VolumeReleased))
			})

			// Create 3 PVs and 3 PVCs.
			// Note: PVs are created before claims and no pre-binding
			ginkgo.It("should create 3 PVs and 3 PVCs: test write access", func(ctx context.Context) {
				numPVs, numPVCs := 3, 3
				pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvConfig, pvcConfig)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitAndVerifyBinds(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvols, claims, true))
				framework.ExpectNoError(completeMultiTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pvols, claims, v1.VolumeReleased))
			})

			// Create 4 PVs and 2 PVCs.
			// Note: PVs are created before claims and no pre-binding.
			f.It("should create 4 PVs and 2 PVCs: test write access", f.WithSlow(), func(ctx context.Context) {
				numPVs, numPVCs := 4, 2
				pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvConfig, pvcConfig)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitAndVerifyBinds(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvols, claims, true))
				framework.ExpectNoError(completeMultiTest(ctx, f, c, ns, pvols, claims, v1.VolumeReleased))
			})
		})

		// This Context isolates and tests the "Recycle" reclaim behavior.  On deprecation of the
		// Recycler, this entire context can be removed without affecting the test suite or leaving behind
		// dead code.
		ginkgo.Context("when invoking the Recycle reclaim policy", func() {
			ginkgo.BeforeEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
				pvConfig.ReclaimPolicy = v1.PersistentVolumeReclaimRecycle
				pv, pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, pvConfig, pvcConfig, ns, false)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err, "BeforeEach: Failed to create PV/PVC")
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitOnPVandPVC(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pv, pvc), "BeforeEach: WaitOnPVandPVC failed")
			})

			ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
				framework.Logf("AfterEach: Cleaning up test resources.")
				if errs := e2epv.PVPVCCleanup(ctx, c, ns, pv, pvc); len(errs) > 0 {
					framework.Failf("AfterEach: Failed to delete PVC and/or PV. Errors: %v", utilerrors.NewAggregate(errs))
				}
			})

			// This ginkgo.It() tests a scenario where a PV is written to by a Pod, recycled, then the volume checked
			// for files. If files are found, the checking Pod fails, failing the test.  Otherwise, the pod
			// (and test) succeed.
			ginkgo.It("should test that a PV becomes Available and is clean after the PVC is deleted.", func(ctx context.Context) {
				ginkgo.By("Writing to the volume.")
				pod := e2epod.MakePod(ns, nil, []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{pvc}, f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel, "touch /mnt/volume1/SUCCESS && (id -G | grep -E '\\b777\\b')")
				pod, err = c.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Create(ctx, pod, metav1.CreateOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epod.WaitForPodSuccessInNamespaceTimeout(ctx, c, pod.Name, ns, f.Timeouts.PodStart))

				ginkgo.By("Deleting the claim")
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epod.DeletePodWithWait(ctx, c, pod))
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.DeletePVCandValidatePV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvc, pv, v1.VolumeAvailable))

				ginkgo.By("Re-mounting the volume.")
				pvc = e2epv.MakePersistentVolumeClaim(pvcConfig, ns)
				pvc, err = e2epv.CreatePVC(ctx, c, ns, pvc)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.WaitForPersistentVolumeClaimPhase(ctx, v1.ClaimBound, c, ns, pvc.Name, 2*time.Second, 60*time.Second), "Failed to reach 'Bound' for PVC ", pvc.Name)

				// If a file is detected in /mnt, fail the pod and do not restart it.
				ginkgo.By("Verifying the mount has been cleaned.")
				mount := pod.Spec.Containers[0].VolumeMounts[0].MountPath
				pod = e2epod.MakePod(ns, nil, []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{pvc}, f.NamespacePodSecurityLevel, fmt.Sprintf("[ $(ls -A %s | wc -l) -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1", mount))
				pod, err = c.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Create(ctx, pod, metav1.CreateOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epod.WaitForPodSuccessInNamespaceTimeout(ctx, c, pod.Name, ns, f.Timeouts.PodStart))

				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epod.DeletePodWithWait(ctx, c, pod))
				framework.Logf("Pod exited without failure; the volume has been recycled.")

				// Delete the PVC and wait for the recycler to finish before the NFS server gets shutdown during cleanup.
				framework.Logf("Removing second PVC, waiting for the recycler to finish before cleanup.")
				framework.ExpectNoError(e2epv.DeletePVCandValidatePV(ctx, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvc, pv, v1.VolumeAvailable))
				pvc = nil
			})
		})
	})

	ginkgo.Describe("CSI Conformance", func() {

		var pvols e2epv.PVMap
		var claims e2epv.PVCMap

		ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
			framework.Logf("AfterEach: deleting %v PVCs and %v PVs...", len(claims), len(pvols))
			errs := e2epv.PVPVCMapCleanup(ctx, c, ns, pvols, claims)
			if len(errs) > 0 {
				errmsg := []string{}
				for _, e := range errs {
					errmsg = append(errmsg, e.Error())
				}
				framework.Failf("AfterEach: Failed to delete 1 or more PVs/PVCs. Errors: %v", strings.Join(errmsg, "; "))
			}
		})

		/*
			Release: v1.29
			Testname: PersistentVolumes(Claims), lifecycle
			Description: Creating PV and PVC MUST succeed. Listing PVs with a labelSelector
			MUST succeed. Listing PVCs in a namespace MUST succeed. Patching a PV MUST succeed
			with its new label found. Patching a PVC MUST succeed with its new label found.
			Reading a PV and PVC MUST succeed with required UID retrieved. Deleting a PVC
			and PV MUST succeed and it MUST be confirmed. Replacement PV and PVC MUST be created.
			Updating a PV MUST succeed with its new label found. Updating a PVC MUST succeed
			with its new label found. Deleting the PVC and PV via deleteCollection MUST succeed
			and it MUST be confirmed.
		*/
		framework.ConformanceIt("should run through the lifecycle of a PV and a PVC", func(ctx context.Context) {

			pvClient := c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes()
			pvcClient := c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns)

			ginkgo.By("Creating initial PV and PVC")

			// Configure csiDriver
			defaultFSGroupPolicy := storagev1.ReadWriteOnceWithFSTypeFSGroupPolicy
			csiDriverLabel := map[string]string{"e2e-test": f.UniqueName}
			csiDriver := &storagev1.CSIDriver{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Name:   "inline-driver-" + string(uuid.NewUUID()),
					Labels: csiDriverLabel,
				},

				Spec: storagev1.CSIDriverSpec{
					VolumeLifecycleModes: []storagev1.VolumeLifecycleMode{
						storagev1.VolumeLifecyclePersistent,
					},
					FSGroupPolicy: &defaultFSGroupPolicy,
				},
			}

			pvNamePrefix := ns + "-"
			pvHostPathConfig := e2epv.PersistentVolumeConfig{
				NamePrefix:       pvNamePrefix,
				Labels:           volLabel,
				StorageClassName: ns,
				PVSource: v1.PersistentVolumeSource{
					CSI: &v1.CSIPersistentVolumeSource{
						Driver:       csiDriver.Name,
						VolumeHandle: "e2e-conformance",
					},
				},
			}
			pvcConfig := e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig{
				StorageClassName: &ns,
			}

			numPVs, numPVCs := 1, 1
			pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvHostPathConfig, pvcConfig)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to create the requested storage resources")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Listing all PVs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String()))
			pvList, err := pvClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: volLabel.AsSelector().String()})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to list PVs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String())
			gomega.Expect(pvList.Items).To(gomega.HaveLen(1))
			initialPV := pvList.Items[0]

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Listing PVCs in namespace %q", ns))
			pvcList, err := pvcClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to list PVCs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String())
			gomega.Expect(pvcList.Items).To(gomega.HaveLen(1))
			initialPVC := pvcList.Items[0]

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Patching the PV %q", initialPV.Name))
			payload := "{\"metadata\":{\"labels\":{\"" + initialPV.Name + "\":\"patched\"}}}"
			patchedPV, err := pvClient.Patch(ctx, initialPV.Name, types.StrategicMergePatchType, []byte(payload), metav1.PatchOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to patch PV %q", initialPV.Name)
			gomega.Expect(patchedPV.Labels).To(gomega.HaveKeyWithValue(patchedPV.Name, "patched"), "Checking that patched label has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Patching the PVC %q", initialPVC.Name))
			payload = "{\"metadata\":{\"labels\":{\"" + initialPVC.Name + "\":\"patched\"}}}"
			patchedPVC, err := pvcClient.Patch(ctx, initialPVC.Name, types.StrategicMergePatchType, []byte(payload), metav1.PatchOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to patch PVC %q", initialPVC.Name)
			gomega.Expect(patchedPVC.Labels).To(gomega.HaveKeyWithValue(patchedPVC.Name, "patched"), "Checking that patched label has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Getting PV %q", patchedPV.Name))
			retrievedPV, err := pvClient.Get(ctx, patchedPV.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to get PV %q", patchedPV.Name)
			gomega.Expect(retrievedPV.UID).To(gomega.Equal(patchedPV.UID))

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Getting PVC %q", patchedPVC.Name))
			retrievedPVC, err := pvcClient.Get(ctx, patchedPVC.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to get PVC %q", patchedPVC.Name)
			gomega.Expect(retrievedPVC.UID).To(gomega.Equal(patchedPVC.UID))

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Deleting PVC %q", retrievedPVC.Name))
			err = pvcClient.Delete(ctx, retrievedPVC.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to delete PVC %q", retrievedPVC.Name)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Confirm deletion of PVC %q", retrievedPVC.Name))

			type state struct {
				PersistentVolumes      []v1.PersistentVolume
				PersistentVolumeClaims []v1.PersistentVolumeClaim
			}

			err = framework.Gomega().Eventually(ctx, framework.HandleRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*state, error) {
				pvcList, err := pvcClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list pvc: %w", err)
				}
				return &state{
					PersistentVolumeClaims: pvcList.Items,
				}, nil
			})).WithTimeout(30 * time.Second).Should(framework.MakeMatcher(func(s *state) (func() string, error) {
				if len(s.PersistentVolumeClaims) == 0 {
					return nil, nil
				}
				return func() string {
					return fmt.Sprintf("Expected pvc to be deleted, found %q", s.PersistentVolumeClaims[0].Name)
				}, nil
			}))
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Timeout while waiting to confirm PVC %q deletion", retrievedPVC.Name)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Deleting PV %q", retrievedPV.Name))
			err = pvClient.Delete(ctx, retrievedPV.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to delete PV %q", retrievedPV.Name)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Confirm deletion of PV %q", retrievedPV.Name))
			err = framework.Gomega().Eventually(ctx, framework.HandleRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*state, error) {
				pvList, err := pvClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: volLabel.AsSelector().String()})
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list pv: %w", err)
				}
				return &state{
					PersistentVolumes: pvList.Items,
				}, nil
			})).WithTimeout(30 * time.Second).Should(framework.MakeMatcher(func(s *state) (func() string, error) {
				if len(s.PersistentVolumes) == 0 {
					return nil, nil
				}
				return func() string {
					return fmt.Sprintf("Expected pv to be deleted, found %q", s.PersistentVolumes[0].Name)
				}, nil
			}))
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Timeout while waiting to confirm PV %q deletion", retrievedPV.Name)

			ginkgo.By("Recreating another PV & PVC")
			pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvHostPathConfig, pvcConfig)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to create the requested storage resources")

			var pvName string
			for key := range pvols {
				pvName = key
			}

			var pvcName string
			for key := range claims {
				pvcName = key.Name
			}

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Updating the PV %q", pvName))
			var updatedPV *v1.PersistentVolume
			pvSelector := labels.Set{pvName: "updated"}.AsSelector().String()

			err = retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
				pv, err := pvClient.Get(ctx, pvName, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Unable to get PV %q", pvName)
				pv.Labels[pvName] = "updated"
				updatedPV, err = pvClient.Update(ctx, pv, metav1.UpdateOptions{})

				return err
			})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "failed to update PV %q", pvName)
			gomega.Expect(updatedPV.Labels).To(gomega.HaveKeyWithValue(updatedPV.Name, "updated"), "Checking that updated label has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Updating the PVC %q", pvcName))
			var updatedPVC *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim
			pvcSelector := labels.Set{pvcName: "updated"}.AsSelector().String()

			err = retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
				pvc, err := pvcClient.Get(ctx, pvcName, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Unable to get PVC %q", pvcName)
				pvc.Labels = map[string]string{
					pvcName: "updated",
				}
				updatedPVC, err = pvcClient.Update(ctx, pvc, metav1.UpdateOptions{})

				return err
			})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "failed to update PVC %q", pvcName)
			gomega.Expect(updatedPVC.Labels).To(gomega.HaveKeyWithValue(updatedPVC.Name, "updated"), "Checking that updated label has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Listing PVCs in all namespaces with the labelSelector: %q", pvcSelector))
			pvcList, err = c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims("").List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: pvcSelector})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to list PVCs in all namespaces with the labelSelector: %q", pvcSelector)
			gomega.Expect(pvcList.Items).To(gomega.HaveLen(1))

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Deleting PVC %q via DeleteCollection", pvcName))
			err = pvcClient.DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: pvcSelector})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to delete PVC %q", retrievedPVC.Name)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Confirm deletion of PVC %q", pvcName))
			err = framework.Gomega().Eventually(ctx, framework.HandleRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*state, error) {
				pvcList, err := pvcClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: pvcSelector})
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list pvc: %w", err)
				}
				return &state{
					PersistentVolumeClaims: pvcList.Items,
				}, nil
			})).WithTimeout(30 * time.Second).Should(framework.MakeMatcher(func(s *state) (func() string, error) {
				if len(s.PersistentVolumeClaims) == 0 {
					return nil, nil
				}
				return func() string {
					return fmt.Sprintf("Expected pvc to be deleted, found %q", s.PersistentVolumeClaims[0].Name)
				}, nil
			}))
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Timeout while waiting to confirm PVC %q deletion", pvcName)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Deleting PV %q via DeleteCollection", pvName))
			err = pvClient.DeleteCollection(ctx, metav1.DeleteOptions{}, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: pvSelector})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to delete PV %q", retrievedPVC.Name)

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Confirm deletion of PV %q", pvName))
			err = framework.Gomega().Eventually(ctx, framework.HandleRetry(func(ctx context.Context) (*state, error) {
				pvList, err := pvClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: pvSelector})
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to list pv: %w", err)
				}
				return &state{
					PersistentVolumes: pvList.Items,
				}, nil
			})).WithTimeout(30 * time.Second).Should(framework.MakeMatcher(func(s *state) (func() string, error) {
				if len(s.PersistentVolumes) == 0 {
					return nil, nil
				}
				return func() string {
					return fmt.Sprintf("Expected pv to be deleted, found %q", s.PersistentVolumes[0].Name)
				}, nil
			}))
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Timeout while waiting to confirm PV %q deletion", retrievedPV.Name)
		})

		/*
			Release: v1.29
			Testname: PersistentVolumes(Claims), apply changes to a pv/pvc status
			Description: Creating PV and PVC MUST succeed. Listing PVs with a labelSelector
			 MUST succeed. Listing PVCs in a namespace MUST succeed. Reading PVC status MUST
			 succeed with a valid phase found. Reading PV status MUST succeed with a valid
			 phase found. Patching the PVC status MUST succeed with its new condition found.
			 Patching the PV status MUST succeed with the new reason/message found. Updating
			 the PVC status MUST succeed with its new condition found. Updating the PV status
			 MUST succeed with the new reason/message found.
		*/
		framework.ConformanceIt("should apply changes to a pv/pvc status", func(ctx context.Context) {

			pvClient := c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumes()
			pvcClient := c.CoreV1().PersistentVolumeClaims(ns)

			ginkgo.By("Creating initial PV and PVC")

			pvHostPathConfig := e2epv.PersistentVolumeConfig{
				NamePrefix:       ns + "-",
				Labels:           volLabel,
				StorageClassName: ns,
				PVSource: v1.PersistentVolumeSource{
					CSI: &v1.CSIPersistentVolumeSource{
						Driver:       "e2e-driver-" + string(uuid.NewUUID()),
						VolumeHandle: "e2e-status-conformance",
					},
				},
			}

			pvcConfig := e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig{
				StorageClassName: &ns,
			}

			numPVs, numPVCs := 1, 1
			pvols, claims, err = e2epv.CreatePVsPVCs(ctx, numPVs, numPVCs, c, f.Timeouts, ns, pvHostPathConfig, pvcConfig)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to create the requested storage resources")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Listing all PVs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String()))
			pvList, err := pvClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{LabelSelector: volLabel.AsSelector().String()})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to list PVs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String())
			gomega.Expect(pvList.Items).To(gomega.HaveLen(1))
			initialPV := pvList.Items[0]

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Listing PVCs in namespace %q", ns))
			pvcList, err := pvcClient.List(ctx, metav1.ListOptions{})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to list PVCs with the labelSelector: %q", volLabel.AsSelector().String())
			gomega.Expect(pvcList.Items).To(gomega.HaveLen(1))
			initialPVC := pvcList.Items[0]

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Reading %q Status", initialPVC.Name))
			pvcResource := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "", Version: "v1", Resource: "persistentvolumeclaims"}
			pvcUnstructured, err := f.DynamicClient.Resource(pvcResource).Namespace(ns).Get(ctx, initialPVC.Name, metav1.GetOptions{}, "status")
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to fetch the status of PVC %s in namespace %s", initialPVC.Name, ns)
			retrievedPVC := &v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{}
			err = runtime.DefaultUnstructuredConverter.FromUnstructured(pvcUnstructured.UnstructuredContent(), &retrievedPVC)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to retrieve %q status.", initialPV.Name)
			gomega.Expect(string(retrievedPVC.Status.Phase)).To(gomega.Or(gomega.Equal("Pending"), gomega.Equal("Bound")), "Checking that the PVC status has been read")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Reading %q Status", initialPV.Name))
			pvResource := schema.GroupVersionResource{Group: "", Version: "v1", Resource: "persistentvolumes"}
			pvUnstructured, err := f.DynamicClient.Resource(pvResource).Get(ctx, initialPV.Name, metav1.GetOptions{}, "status")
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to fetch the status of PV %s in namespace %s", initialPV.Name, ns)
			retrievedPV := &v1.PersistentVolume{}
			err = runtime.DefaultUnstructuredConverter.FromUnstructured(pvUnstructured.UnstructuredContent(), &retrievedPV)
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to retrieve %q status.", initialPV.Name)
			gomega.Expect(string(retrievedPV.Status.Phase)).To(gomega.Or(gomega.Equal("Available"), gomega.Equal("Bound"), gomega.Equal("Pending")), "Checking that the PV status has been read")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Patching %q Status", initialPVC.Name))
			payload := []byte(`{"status":{"conditions":[{"type":"StatusPatched","status":"True", "reason":"E2E patchedStatus", "message":"Set from e2e test"}]}}`)

			patchedPVC, err := pvcClient.Patch(ctx, initialPVC.Name, types.MergePatchType, payload, metav1.PatchOptions{}, "status")
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to patch status.")

			gomega.Expect(patchedPVC.Status.Conditions).To(gstruct.MatchElements(conditionType, gstruct.IgnoreExtras, gstruct.Elements{
				"StatusPatched": gstruct.MatchFields(gstruct.IgnoreExtras, gstruct.Fields{
					"Message": gomega.ContainSubstring("Set from e2e test"),
					"Reason":  gomega.ContainSubstring("E2E patchedStatus"),
				}),
			}), "Checking that patched status has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Patching %q Status", retrievedPV.Name))
			payload = []byte(`{"status":{"message": "StatusPatched", "reason": "E2E patchStatus"}}`)

			patchedPV, err := pvClient.Patch(ctx, retrievedPV.Name, types.MergePatchType, payload, metav1.PatchOptions{}, "status")
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to patch %q status.", retrievedPV.Name)
			gomega.Expect(patchedPV.Status.Reason).To(gomega.Equal("E2E patchStatus"), "Checking that patched status has been applied")
			gomega.Expect(patchedPV.Status.Message).To(gomega.Equal("StatusPatched"), "Checking that patched status has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Updating %q Status", patchedPVC.Name))
			var statusToUpdate, updatedPVC *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim

			err = retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
				statusToUpdate, err = pvcClient.Get(ctx, patchedPVC.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Unable to retrieve pvc %s", patchedPVC.Name)

				statusToUpdate.Status.Conditions = append(statusToUpdate.Status.Conditions, v1.PersistentVolumeClaimCondition{
					Type:    "StatusUpdated",
					Status:  "True",
					Reason:  "E2E updateStatus",
					Message: "Set from e2e test",
				})

				updatedPVC, err = pvcClient.UpdateStatus(ctx, statusToUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
				return err
			})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to update status.")
			gomega.Expect(updatedPVC.Status.Conditions).To(gstruct.MatchElements(conditionType, gstruct.IgnoreExtras, gstruct.Elements{
				"StatusUpdated": gstruct.MatchFields(gstruct.IgnoreExtras, gstruct.Fields{
					"Message": gomega.ContainSubstring("Set from e2e test"),
					"Reason":  gomega.ContainSubstring("E2E updateStatus"),
				}),
			}), "Checking that updated status has been applied")

			ginkgo.By(fmt.Sprintf("Updating %q Status", patchedPV.Name))
			var pvToUpdate, updatedPV *v1.PersistentVolume

			err = retry.RetryOnConflict(retry.DefaultRetry, func() error {
				pvToUpdate, err = pvClient.Get(ctx, patchedPV.Name, metav1.GetOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Unable to retrieve pv %s", patchedPV.Name)

				pvToUpdate.Status.Reason = "E2E updateStatus"
				pvToUpdate.Status.Message = "StatusUpdated"
				updatedPV, err = pvClient.UpdateStatus(ctx, pvToUpdate, metav1.UpdateOptions{})
				return err
			})
			framework.ExpectNoError(err, "Failed to update status.")
			gomega.Expect(updatedPV.Status.Reason).To(gomega.Equal("E2E updateStatus"), "Checking that updated status has been applied")
			gomega.Expect(updatedPV.Status.Message).To(gomega.Equal("StatusUpdated"), "Checking that updated status has been applied")
		})
	})

	// testsuites/multivolume tests can now run with windows nodes
	// This test is not compatible with windows because the default StorageClass
	// doesn't have the ntfs parameter, we can't change the status of the cluster
	// to add a StorageClass that's compatible with windows which is also the
	// default StorageClass
	ginkgo.Describe("Default StorageClass [LinuxOnly]", func() {
		ginkgo.Context("pods that use multiple volumes", func() {

			ginkgo.AfterEach(func(ctx context.Context) {
				e2estatefulset.DeleteAllStatefulSets(ctx, c, ns)
			})

			f.It("should be reschedulable", f.WithSlow(), func(ctx context.Context) {
				// Only run on providers with default storageclass
				e2epv.SkipIfNoDefaultStorageClass(ctx, c)

				numVols := 4

				ginkgo.By("Creating a StatefulSet pod to initialize data")
				writeCmd := "true"
				for i := 0; i < numVols; i++ {
					writeCmd += fmt.Sprintf("&& touch %v", getVolumeFile(i))
				}
				writeCmd += "&& sleep 10000"

				probe := &v1.Probe{
					ProbeHandler: v1.ProbeHandler{
						Exec: &v1.ExecAction{
							// Check that the last file got created
							Command: []string{"test", "-f", getVolumeFile(numVols - 1)},
						},
					},
					InitialDelaySeconds: 1,
					PeriodSeconds:       1,
				}

				mounts := []v1.VolumeMount{}
				claims := []v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{}

				for i := 0; i < numVols; i++ {
					pvc := e2epv.MakePersistentVolumeClaim(e2epv.PersistentVolumeClaimConfig{}, ns)
					pvc.Name = getVolName(i)
					mounts = append(mounts, v1.VolumeMount{Name: pvc.Name, MountPath: getMountPath(i)})
					claims = append(claims, *pvc)
				}

				spec := makeStatefulSetWithPVCs(ns, writeCmd, mounts, claims, probe)
				ss, err := c.AppsV1().StatefulSets(ns).Create(ctx, spec, metav1.CreateOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				e2estatefulset.WaitForRunningAndReady(ctx, c, 1, ss)

				ginkgo.By("Deleting the StatefulSet but not the volumes")
				// Scale down to 0 first so that the Delete is quick
				ss, err = e2estatefulset.Scale(ctx, c, ss, 0)
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				e2estatefulset.WaitForStatusReplicas(ctx, c, ss, 0)
				err = c.AppsV1().StatefulSets(ns).Delete(ctx, ss.Name, metav1.DeleteOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)

				ginkgo.By("Creating a new Statefulset and validating the data")
				validateCmd := "true"
				for i := 0; i < numVols; i++ {
					validateCmd += fmt.Sprintf("&& test -f %v", getVolumeFile(i))
				}
				validateCmd += "&& sleep 10000"

				spec = makeStatefulSetWithPVCs(ns, validateCmd, mounts, claims, probe)
				ss, err = c.AppsV1().StatefulSets(ns).Create(ctx, spec, metav1.CreateOptions{})
				framework.ExpectNoError(err)
				e2estatefulset.WaitForRunningAndReady(ctx, c, 1, ss)
			})
		})
	})
})

func getVolName(i int) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("vol%v", i)
}

func getMountPath(i int) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("/mnt/%v", getVolName(i))
}

func getVolumeFile(i int) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%v/data%v", getMountPath(i), i)
}

func makeStatefulSetWithPVCs(ns, cmd string, mounts []v1.VolumeMount, claims []v1.PersistentVolumeClaim, readyProbe *v1.Probe) *appsv1.StatefulSet {
	ssReplicas := int32(1)

	labels := map[string]string{"app": "many-volumes-test"}
	return &appsv1.StatefulSet{
		ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
			Name:      "many-volumes-test",
			Namespace: ns,
		},
		Spec: appsv1.StatefulSetSpec{
			Selector: &metav1.LabelSelector{
				MatchLabels: map[string]string{"app": "many-volumes-test"},
			},
			Replicas: &ssReplicas,
			Template: v1.PodTemplateSpec{
				ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
					Labels: labels,
				},
				Spec: v1.PodSpec{
					Containers: []v1.Container{
						{
							Name:           "nginx",
							Image:          e2epod.GetTestImage(imageutils.Nginx),
							Command:        e2epod.GenerateScriptCmd(cmd),
							VolumeMounts:   mounts,
							ReadinessProbe: readyProbe,
						},
					},
				},
			},
			VolumeClaimTemplates: claims,
		},
	}
}

// createWaitAndDeletePod creates the test pod, wait for (hopefully) success, and then delete the pod.
// Note: need named return value so that the err assignment in the defer sets the returned error.
//
//	Has been shown to be necessary using Go 1.7.
func createWaitAndDeletePod(ctx context.Context, c clientset.Interface, t *framework.TimeoutContext, ns string, pvc *v1.PersistentVolumeClaim, command string) (err error) {
	framework.Logf("Creating nfs test pod")
	pod := e2epod.MakePod(ns, nil, []*v1.PersistentVolumeClaim{pvc}, admissionapi.LevelPrivileged, command)
	runPod, err := c.CoreV1().Pods(ns).Create(ctx, pod, metav1.CreateOptions{})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod Create API error: %w", err)
	}
	defer func() {
		delErr := e2epod.DeletePodWithWait(ctx, c, runPod)
		if err == nil { // don't override previous err value
			err = delErr // assign to returned err, can be nil
		}
	}()

	err = testPodSuccessOrFail(ctx, c, t, ns, runPod)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %q did not exit with Success: %w", runPod.Name, err)
	}
	return // note: named return value
}

// testPodSuccessOrFail tests whether the pod's exit code is zero.
func testPodSuccessOrFail(ctx context.Context, c clientset.Interface, t *framework.TimeoutContext, ns string, pod *v1.Pod) error {
	framework.Logf("Pod should terminate with exitcode 0 (success)")
	if err := e2epod.WaitForPodSuccessInNamespaceTimeout(ctx, c, pod.Name, ns, t.PodStart); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("pod %q failed to reach Success: %w", pod.Name, err)
	}
	framework.Logf("Pod %v succeeded ", pod.Name)
	return nil
}

func conditionType(condition interface{}) string {
	return string(condition.(v1.PersistentVolumeClaimCondition).Type)
}