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1. Application Layer (lib/app/): The Application layer represents the user interface, user interactions, and application-specific logic. It contains pages or screens, along with custom widgets and utility functions specific to the application.
// lib/app/pages/login/login_controller.dart
class LoginController extends Controller {
// Controller implementation for login page
}
// lib/app/pages/login/login_presenter.dart
class LoginPresenter extends Presenter {
// Presenter implementation for login page
}
// lib/app/pages/login/login_view.dart
import 'package:my_note_app/app/view.dart';
class LoginView extends View<LoginController, LoginPresenter> {
// View implementation for login page
}
// lib/app/widgets/custom_button.dart
class CustomButton extends StatelessWidget {
// Custom widget for a reusable button
}
// lib/app/utils/authentication_util.dart
class AuthenticationUtil {
// Utility class for handling authentication-related tasks
}
// lib/app/navigator.dart
class AppNavigator {
// Optional application navigator for handling navigation
}
2. Data Layer (lib/data/): The Data layer is responsible for managing data retrieval and communication with external data sources. It includes repositories that provide an abstraction over data sources and handle the communication between the app and the data sources.
// lib/data/repositories/data_auth_repo.dart
class DataAuthRepository {
// Implementation of authentication-related data operations
}
// lib/data/helpers/http_helper.dart
class HttpHelper {
// Utility class for handling HTTP requests
}
// lib/data/constants.dart
class DataConstants {
// Constants such as API keys, routes, URLs, etc.
}
3. Device Layer (lib/device/): The Device layer handles interactions with platform-specific features and services. It includes repositories that communicate with device-specific functionalities.
// lib/device/repositories/gps_repository.dart
class GPSRepository {
// Implementation for interacting with the device's GPS
}
// lib/device/utils/device_util.dart
class DeviceUtil {
// Utility class for handling device-specific tasks
}
4. Domain Layer (lib/domain/): The Domain layer contains the core business logic of the application. It includes entities, use cases, and repositories abstracting the functionality for data and device layers.
// lib/domain/entities/user.dart
class User {
// Example entity representing a user
}
// lib/domain/entities/manager.dart
class Manager {
// Example entity representing a manager
}
// lib/domain/usecases/login_usecase.dart
class LoginUseCase extends UseCase {
// Example use case for login functionality
}
// lib/domain/repositories/auth_repository.dart
abstract class AuthRepository {
// Abstract class defining the expected functionality for authentication
}
5. Entry Point (lib/main.dart):
The main.dart
serves as the entry point of the application and is responsible for initializing the app and showing the initial screen.
// lib/main.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
void main() {
runApp(MyApp());
}
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
home: Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text('My Note App'),
),
body: Center(
child: Text('Welcome to My Note App!'),
),
),
);
}
}
With this directory structure and example, we have a clear separation of concerns in the application, making it easier to maintain and test the code. Each layer has its specific responsibilities, and the dependencies flow inward, following the Dependency Rule of Clean Architecture.
The difference between "Utils" and "Repositories" lies in their purposes and responsibilities in the context of the Clean Architecture. Let's clarify the distinction between these two layers:
Utils:
- Purpose: The "Utils" directory holds utility classes or functions that provide common functionalities, helper methods, or constants that are used throughout the application.
- Responsibilities: Utility classes in this directory are generally platform-independent and not tied to any specific business logic. They focus on providing generic functionalities that can be used across different layers of the application.
-
Example (authentication_util.dart): In the provided directory structure,
authentication_util.dart
is a utility class that may contain methods likesignInWithGoogle()
,signInWithEmailPassword()
,signOut()
, etc. These methods handle authentication tasks (e.g., login, logout) but do not directly interact with the data layer or have any knowledge of specific repositories.
Repositories:
- Purpose: The "Repositories" directory is responsible for handling data retrieval and communication with external data sources or services.
- Responsibilities: Repositories abstract the data sources and provide an interface or contract for data operations to the use cases in the domain layer. They encapsulate the logic for fetching, saving, and updating data, allowing the domain layer to interact with data without being aware of the underlying implementation details.
-
Example (data_auth_repo.dart): In the provided directory structure,
data_auth_repo.dart
is a repository that implements authentication-related data operations. It may contain methods likesignIn()
,signUp()
, andfetchUserData()
. These methods interact directly with the external data sources (e.g., a remote API, a local database) to handle authentication-related data operations.
Summary: In short, "Utils" contains platform-independent utility classes or functions that provide generic functionalities and are used across the application. On the other hand, "Repositories" handle data operations, act as an interface to the data layer, and abstract the interaction with external data sources for the domain layer.
By organizing functionalities into these distinct layers, Clean Architecture promotes a clear separation of concerns, making the codebase easier to maintain, test, and adapt to changes in the application's requirements.