[10.x] Add hasPackage method to Composer class

[emargareten]

This PR adds a hasPackage method as a continuation of #48096, such a method is also being used in the starter kits

[crynobone]

We can actually use Composer Runtime API which is required by Laravel Framework 10 and that's why it not added in the previous PR:
https://getcomposer.org/doc/07-runtime.md#knowing-whether-package-x-or-virtual-package-is-present

[emargareten]

@crynobone I copied this implemetation from breeze (same thing in jetstream), I think using the Composer Runtime API in this scenario might not return the expected results since it checks for all sub-dependecies while we need to check the top level dependencies only.

[crynobone]

this scenario might not return the expected results since it checks for all sub-dependecies while we need to check the top level dependencies only.

Have you confirm this claim?

[emargareten]

see https://github.com/laravel/breeze/blob/1.x/src/Console/InstallCommand.php#L76C1-L79C14

if ($this->option('pest') || $this->isUsingPest()) {
    if ($this->hasComposerPackage('phpunit/phpunit')) {
        $this->removeComposerPackages(['phpunit/phpunit'], true);
    }

    // ...
}

We are checking if phpunit exists in top level deps