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XML syntax correction in EP-0505085-B2
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ebenaissa committed Sep 7, 2017
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<p>Embodiments are now described specifically, by way of example.</p>
<p>Table 1 shows the chemical composition of various specimen steels. A <measure type="value"><num>20</num><measure type="MASS" unit="kg">kg</measure></measure> ingot is made in a high frequency induction melting furnace and forged to <measure type="value"><num>30</num><measure type="LENGTH" unit="mm">mm</measure></measure> in thickness and <measure type="value"><num>90</num><measure type="LENGTH" unit="mm">mm</measure></measure> in width at <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="850">850</num> to <num atMost="1150">1,150</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure>. Specimens No.2 to 4, 6 and 15 are materials embodying the invention. Others are for comparison. No.1 is a material equivalent to ASTM standard A469-88 class 8 for generator rotor shaft material. No. 5 is a material containing relatively high Al content. These specimens underwent heat treatment by simulating the conditions for the large size rotor shaft centre of a large capacity generator. First, it was heated to <measure type="value"><num>840</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> to form austenite structure <!-- issue #46 --><!--and cooled at the speed of <measure type="value"><num>100</num><measure type="?" unit="celsius/hour">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure> to harden-->. Then, the specimen was heated and held at <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="575">575</num> to <num atMost="590">590</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>32</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure> <!-- issue #46 --><!--and cooled at a speed of <measure type="value"><num>15</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="celsius/hour">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>-->. Tempering was done at such a temperature to secure tensile strength in the range of <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="100">100</num> to <num atMost="105">105</num><measure type="PRESSURE" unit="kg/mm^2">kg/mm2</measure></measure> for each specimen.</p>
<p>No. 7 to 12 are also steels for comparison. They were heated and held at <measure type="value"><num>820</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="16">16</num> to <num atMost="34">34</num> <measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure><!-- issue #46 --><!--, quenched at a speed of <measure type="value"><num>100</num><measure type="?" unit="celsius/hour">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>-->, then heated and held at <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="625">625</num> to <num atMost="635">635</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="40">40</num> to <num atMost="50">50</num> <measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure> for tempering<!-- issue #46 --><!--, and cooled in the furnace at a speed of <measure type="value"><num>15</num><measure type="?" unit="celsius/hour">&#xB0;C/h</measure></measure>-->.</p>
<p>No.13 and 14 are further steels for comparison. After homogenizing annealing at <measure type="value"><num>900</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>2</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, they were austenitized at <measure type="value"><num>850</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>2</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, <!--hardened by cooling at the speed of <measure type="value"><num>120</num> <measure type="UNKNOWN" unit="°C/h">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>-->, further tempered at <measure type="value"><num>575</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>60</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, <!-- and cooled at a speed of <measure type="value"><num>40</num><measure type="UNKNOWN" unit="°C/h">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>.</p> -->
<p>No.13 and 14 are further steels for comparison. After homogenizing annealing at <measure type="value"><num>900</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>2</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, they were austenitized at <measure type="value"><num>850</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>2</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, <!--hardened by cooling at the speed of <measure type="value"><num>120</num> <measure type="UNKNOWN" unit="°C/h">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>-->, further tempered at <measure type="value"><num>575</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> for <measure type="value"><num>60</num><measure type="TIME" unit="h">hours</measure></measure>, <!-- and cooled at a speed of <measure type="value"><num>40</num><measure type="UNKNOWN" unit="°C/h">&#xB0;C/hour</measure></measure>.--></p>
<p>None of No. 2 to 6 and 15 of the Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel contains proeutectoid ferrite. They possess uniform tempered bainite structure. Every crystal grain size No. of original austenite grains is <measure type="value"><num>7</num></measure>. No.1, 5 and 14 of other alloy also have uniform tempered bainite structure. In No.13, about <measure type="value"><num>5</num><measure type="FRACTION" unit="%">%</measure></measure> proeutectoid ferrite is found.</p>
<p>Table 2 shows the results of tensile tests, impact tests, magnetic characteristic and electric characteristic tests. The magnetic field strengths in the Table were obtained under <measure type="value"><num>20</num> <measure type="MAGNETIC_INDUCTION" unit="kG">kG</measure></measure> and <measure type="value"><num>21</num> <measure type="MAGNETIC_INDUCTION" unit="kG">kG</measure></measure>. The data shown in the Table are those under <measure type="value"><num>21</num> <measure type="MAGNETIC_INDUCTION" unit="kG">kG</measure></measure>.</p>
<p>As shown in Table, the low alloy steels No.2 to 4, 6 and 15 have a high strength and toughness while the tensile strength is more than <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="100">100</num><measure type="PRESSURE" unit="kg/mm^2">kg/mm2</measure></measure>, <measure type="value"><num>0.02</num><measure type="FRACTION" unit="%">%</measure></measure> yield strength is more than <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="78">78</num><measure type="PRESSURE" unit="kg/mm^2">kg/mm2</measure></measure> and <measure type="value"><num>50</num><measure type="FRACTION" unit="%">%</measure></measure> fracture appearance transition temperature is far below <measure type="interval"><num atMost="0">0</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure> or below <measure type="interval"><num atMost="-50">-50</num><measure type="TEMPERATURE" unit="°C">&#xB0;C</measure></measure>. Further, the magnetic field strength satisfies the requirement of less than <measure type="interval"><num atMost="990">990</num><measure type="MAGNETIC_FIELD_STRENGTH" unit="AT/cm">AT/cm</measure></measure> as the magnetic field strength at <measure type="value"><num>21</num> <measure type="MAGNETIC_INDUCTION" unit="kG">kG</measure></measure> requested for generator rotor shaft over <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="900">900</num><measure type="POWER" unit="MVA">MVA</measure></measure>, and the electric resistance is over <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="30">30</num><measure type="UNKNOWN" unit="µ-Ωcm">&#xB5;-&#x3A9;cm</measure></measure> because of high Cr content, so that this material is very useful as the rotor shaft material of a large capacity generator over <measure type="interval"><num atLeast="900">900</num><measure type="POWER" unit="MVA">MVA</measure></measure>.</p>
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