Improve target_clones support check

[kleisauke]

$ cat reduced.c
static int __attribute__((target_clones("default,avx")))
has_target_clones(void) {
    return 0;
}

int main(void) {
    int (*func)(void) = has_target_clones;
    return func();
}
$ clang -O0 -g reduced.c
$ clang -O0 -flto -g reduced.c
clang: error: unable to execute command: Segmentation fault (core dumped)
clang: error: linker command failed due to signal (use -v to see invocation)
$ clang --version
clang version 18.1.1 (Fedora 18.1.1-1.fc40)
Target: x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
Configuration file: /etc/clang/clang.cfg

Resolves: #3874

Targets the 8.15 branch.