linera-views: add local variants of store traits

linera-sdk/src/views/system_api.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 //! Functions and types to interface with the system API available to application views.
 
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use linera_base::ensure;
 use linera_views::{
     batch::{Batch, WriteOperation},
@@ -40,7 +39,6 @@ impl AppStateStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl ReadableKeyValueStore<ViewError> for AppStateStore {
     // The AppStateStore of the system_api does not have limits
     // on the size of its values.
@@ -101,7 +99,6 @@ impl ReadableKeyValueStore<ViewError> for AppStateStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl WritableKeyValueStore<ViewError> for AppStateStore {
     const MAX_VALUE_SIZE: usize = usize::MAX;
 
@@ -135,7 +132,6 @@ impl WritableKeyValueStore<ViewError> for AppStateStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl KeyValueStore for AppStateStore {
     type Error = ViewError;
 }

linera-storage-service/Cargo.toml

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ path = "src/server.rs"
 [dependencies]
 anyhow.workspace = true
 async-lock.workspace = true
-async-trait.workspace = true
 bcs.workspace = true
 clap.workspace = true
 linera-base.workspace = true

linera-storage-service/src/client.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 use std::{mem, sync::Arc};
 
 use async_lock::{RwLock, RwLockWriteGuard, Semaphore, SemaphoreGuard};
-use async_trait::async_trait;
 use linera_base::ensure;
 #[cfg(with_testing)]
 use linera_views::test_utils::generate_test_namespace;
@@ -58,7 +57,6 @@ pub struct ServiceStoreClient {
     namespace: Vec<u8>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl ReadableKeyValueStore<ServiceContextError> for ServiceStoreClient {
     const MAX_KEY_SIZE: usize = MAX_KEY_SIZE;
     type Keys = Vec<Vec<u8>>;
@@ -199,14 +197,10 @@ impl ReadableKeyValueStore<ServiceContextError> for ServiceStoreClient {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl WritableKeyValueStore<ServiceContextError> for ServiceStoreClient {
     const MAX_VALUE_SIZE: usize = usize::MAX;
 
     async fn write_batch(&self, batch: Batch, _base_key: &[u8]) -> Result<(), ServiceContextError> {
-        use linera_views::batch::WriteOperation;
-
-        use crate::client::Operation;
         let mut statements = Vec::new();
         let mut chunk_size = 0;
         for operation in batch.operations {
@@ -345,7 +339,6 @@ impl ServiceStoreClient {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl AdminKeyValueStore for ServiceStoreClient {
     type Error = ServiceContextError;
     type Config = ServiceStoreConfig;

linera-views/Cargo.toml

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ tempfile.workspace = true
 thiserror.workspace = true
 tokio = { workspace = true, features = ["rt", "sync"] }
 tracing.workspace = true
+trait-variant.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 linera-views = { path = ".", features = ["test"] }

linera-views/src/batch.rs

@@ -348,8 +348,8 @@ impl Batch {
 /// Certain databases (e.g. DynamoDB) do not support the deletion by prefix.
 /// Thus we need to access the databases in order to replace a `DeletePrefix`
 /// by a vector of the keys to be removed.
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait DeletePrefixExpander {
+#[trait_variant::make(DeletePrefixExpander: Send)]
+pub trait LocalDeletePrefixExpander {
     /// The error type that can happen when expanding the key_prefix.
     type Error: Debug;
 

linera-views/src/common.rs

@@ -295,8 +295,8 @@ pub trait KeyValueIterable<Error> {
 }
 
 /// Low-level, asynchronous read key-value operations. Useful for storage APIs not based on views.
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait ReadableKeyValueStore<E> {
+#[trait_variant::make(ReadableKeyValueStore: Send)]
+pub trait LocalReadableKeyValueStore<E> {
     /// The maximal size of keys that can be stored.
     const MAX_KEY_SIZE: usize;
 
@@ -324,33 +324,44 @@ pub trait ReadableKeyValueStore<E> {
     /// Finds the `(key,value)` pairs matching the prefix. The prefix is not included in the returned keys.
     async fn find_key_values_by_prefix(&self, key_prefix: &[u8]) -> Result<Self::KeyValues, E>;
 
+    // We can't use `async fn` here in the below implementations due to
+    // https://github.com/rust-lang/impl-trait-utils/issues/17, but once that bug is fixed
+    // we can revert them to `async fn` syntax, which is neater.
+
     /// Reads a single `key` and deserializes the result if present.
-    async fn read_value<V: DeserializeOwned>(&self, key: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<V>, E>
+    fn read_value<V: DeserializeOwned>(
+        &self,
+        key: &[u8],
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Option<V>, E>>
     where
+        Self: Sync,
         E: From<bcs::Error>,
     {
-        from_bytes_opt(&self.read_value_bytes(key).await?)
+        async { from_bytes_opt(&self.read_value_bytes(key).await?) }
     }
 
     /// Reads multiple `keys` and deserializes the results if present.
-    async fn read_multi_values<V: DeserializeOwned + Send>(
+    fn read_multi_values<V: DeserializeOwned + Send>(
         &self,
         keys: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<Option<V>>, E>
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Vec<Option<V>>, E>>
     where
+        Self: Sync,
         E: From<bcs::Error>,
     {
-        let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(keys.len());
-        for entry in self.read_multi_values_bytes(keys).await? {
-            values.push(from_bytes_opt(&entry)?);
+        async {
+            let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(keys.len());
+            for entry in self.read_multi_values_bytes(keys).await? {
+                values.push(from_bytes_opt(&entry)?);
+            }
+            Ok(values)
         }
-        Ok(values)
     }
 }
 
 /// Low-level, asynchronous write key-value operations. Useful for storage APIs not based on views.
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait WritableKeyValueStore<E> {
+#[trait_variant::make(WritableKeyValueStore: Send)]
+pub trait LocalWritableKeyValueStore<E> {
     /// The maximal size of values that can be stored.
     const MAX_VALUE_SIZE: usize;
 
@@ -363,10 +374,10 @@ pub trait WritableKeyValueStore<E> {
 }
 
 /// Low-level trait for the administration of stores and their namespaces.
-#[async_trait]
-pub trait AdminKeyValueStore: Sized {
+#[trait_variant::make(AdminKeyValueStore: Send)]
+pub trait LocalAdminKeyValueStore: Sized {
     /// The error type returned by the store's methods.
-    type Error: Send;
+    type Error;
 
     /// The configuration needed to interact with a new store.
     type Config: Send + Sync;
@@ -378,11 +389,14 @@ pub trait AdminKeyValueStore: Sized {
     async fn list_all(config: &Self::Config) -> Result<Vec<String>, Self::Error>;
 
     /// Deletes all the existing namespaces.
-    async fn delete_all(config: &Self::Config) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
-        for namespace in Self::list_all(config).await? {
-            Self::delete(config, &namespace).await?;
+    fn delete_all(config: &Self::Config) -> impl Future<Output = Result<(), Self::Error>> {
+        async {
+            let namespaces = Self::list_all(config).await?;
+            for namespace in namespaces {
+                Self::delete(config, &namespace).await?;
+            }
+            Ok(())
         }
-        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Tests if a given namespace exists.
@@ -395,26 +409,30 @@ pub trait AdminKeyValueStore: Sized {
     async fn delete(config: &Self::Config, namespace: &str) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
 
     /// Initializes a storage if missing and provides it.
-    async fn maybe_create_and_connect(
+    fn maybe_create_and_connect(
         config: &Self::Config,
         namespace: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if !Self::exists(config, namespace).await? {
-            Self::create(config, namespace).await?;
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self, Self::Error>> {
+        async {
+            if !Self::exists(config, namespace).await? {
+                Self::create(config, namespace).await?;
+            }
+            Self::connect(config, namespace).await
         }
-        Self::connect(config, namespace).await
     }
 
     /// Creates a new storage. Overwrites it if this namespace already exists.
-    async fn recreate_and_connect(
+    fn recreate_and_connect(
         config: &Self::Config,
         namespace: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        if Self::exists(config, namespace).await? {
-            Self::delete(config, namespace).await?;
+    ) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Self, Self::Error>> {
+        async {
+            if Self::exists(config, namespace).await? {
+                Self::delete(config, namespace).await?;
+            }
+            Self::create(config, namespace).await?;
+            Self::connect(config, namespace).await
         }
-        Self::create(config, namespace).await?;
-        Self::connect(config, namespace).await
     }
 }
 
@@ -426,6 +444,18 @@ pub trait KeyValueStore:
     type Error: Debug;
 }
 
+/// Low-level, asynchronous write and read key-value operations, without a `Send` bound. Useful for storage APIs not based on views.
+pub trait LocalKeyValueStore:
+    LocalReadableKeyValueStore<Self::Error> + LocalWritableKeyValueStore<Self::Error>
+{
+    /// The error type.
+    type Error: Debug;
+}
+
+impl<S: KeyValueStore> LocalKeyValueStore for S {
+    type Error = <Self as KeyValueStore>::Error;
+}
+
 #[doc(hidden)]
 /// Iterates keys by reference in a vector of keys.
 /// Inspired by https://depth-first.com/articles/2020/06/22/returning-rust-iterators/

linera-views/src/dynamo_db.rs

@@ -324,7 +324,6 @@ pub struct DynamoDbStoreConfig {
     pub common_config: CommonStoreConfig,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl AdminKeyValueStore for DynamoDbStoreInternal {
     type Error = DynamoDbContextError;
     type Config = DynamoDbStoreConfig;
@@ -785,7 +784,6 @@ impl KeyValueIterable<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbKeyValues {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl ReadableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStoreInternal {
     const MAX_KEY_SIZE: usize = MAX_KEY_SIZE;
     type Keys = DynamoDbKeys;
@@ -818,8 +816,10 @@ impl ReadableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStoreInternal {
             let handle = self.read_value_bytes_general(key_db);
             handles.push(handle);
         }
-        let result = join_all(handles).await;
-        Ok(result.into_iter().collect::<Result<_, _>>()?)
+        join_all(handles)
+            .await
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect::<Result<_, _>>()
     }
 
     async fn find_keys_by_prefix(
@@ -890,7 +890,6 @@ pub struct DynamoDbStore {
     store: LruCachingStore<ValueSplittingStore<JournalingKeyValueStore<DynamoDbStoreInternal>>>,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl ReadableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStore {
     const MAX_KEY_SIZE: usize = MAX_KEY_SIZE - 4;
     type Keys = Vec<Vec<u8>>;
@@ -930,7 +929,6 @@ impl ReadableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl WritableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStore {
     const MAX_VALUE_SIZE: usize = DynamoDbStoreInternal::MAX_VALUE_SIZE;
 
@@ -943,12 +941,10 @@ impl WritableKeyValueStore<DynamoDbContextError> for DynamoDbStore {
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl KeyValueStore for DynamoDbStore {
     type Error = DynamoDbContextError;
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl AdminKeyValueStore for DynamoDbStore {
     type Error = DynamoDbContextError;
     type Config = DynamoDbStoreConfig;

linera-views/src/journaling.rs

@@ -102,7 +102,6 @@ pub struct JournalingKeyValueStore<K> {
     pub store: K,
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl<K> DeletePrefixExpander for &JournalingKeyValueStore<K>
 where
     K: DirectKeyValueStore + Send + Sync,
@@ -117,7 +116,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl<K> ReadableKeyValueStore<K::Error> for JournalingKeyValueStore<K>
 where
     K: DirectKeyValueStore + Send + Sync,
@@ -161,7 +159,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl<K> AdminKeyValueStore for JournalingKeyValueStore<K>
 where
     K: AdminKeyValueStore + Send + Sync,
@@ -195,7 +192,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-#[async_trait]
 impl<K> WritableKeyValueStore<K::Error> for JournalingKeyValueStore<K>
 where
     K: DirectKeyValueStore + Send + Sync,