Properly diagnose constant evaluation issues at TU scope

We were not creating an evaluation context for the TU scope, so we
never popped an evaluation context for it. Popping the evaluation
context triggers a number of diagnostics, including warnings about
immediate invocations that we were previously missing.

Note: I think we have an additional issue that we should solve, but not
as part of this patch. I don't think Clang is properly modeling static
initialization as happening before constant expression evaluation. I
think structure members members are zero initialized per
http://eel.is/c++draft/basic.start.static#1,
https://eel.is/c++draft/basic.start.static#2.sentence-2, and
http://eel.is/c++draft/dcl.init#general-6.2 and the new test case
actually should be accepted. However, it's also worth noting that other
compilers behave the way this patch makes Clang behave:
https://godbolt.org/z/T7noqhdPr

clang/docs/ReleaseNotes.rst

@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ C++ Language Changes in Clang
 
 C++20 Feature Support
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+- Diagnose consteval and constexpr issues that happen at namespace scope. This
+  partially addresses `Issue 51593 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/51593>`_.
 
 C++2b Feature Support
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

clang/lib/Parse/ParseAST.cpp

@@ -155,6 +155,9 @@ void clang::ParseAST(Sema &S, bool PrintStats, bool SkipFunctionBodies) {
     P.Initialize();
     Parser::DeclGroupPtrTy ADecl;
     Sema::ModuleImportState ImportState;
+    EnterExpressionEvaluationContext PotentiallyEvaluated(
+        S, Sema::ExpressionEvaluationContext::PotentiallyEvaluated);
+
     for (bool AtEOF = P.ParseFirstTopLevelDecl(ADecl, ImportState); !AtEOF;
          AtEOF = P.ParseTopLevelDecl(ADecl, ImportState)) {
       // If we got a null return and something *was* parsed, ignore it.  This

clang/lib/Sema/Sema.cpp

@@ -233,6 +233,9 @@ Sema::Sema(Preprocessor &pp, ASTContext &ctxt, ASTConsumer &consumer,
   // Tell diagnostics how to render things from the AST library.
   Diags.SetArgToStringFn(&FormatASTNodeDiagnosticArgument, &Context);
 
+  // This evaluation context exists to ensure that there's always at least one
+  // valid evaluation context available. It is never removed from the
+  // evaluation stack.
   ExprEvalContexts.emplace_back(
       ExpressionEvaluationContext::PotentiallyEvaluated, 0, CleanupInfo{},
       nullptr, ExpressionEvaluationContextRecord::EK_Other);

clang/test/SemaCXX/cxx2a-consteval.cpp

@@ -689,3 +689,23 @@ struct A {
   }
 };
 } // PR48235
+
+namespace NamespaceScopeConsteval {
+struct S {
+  int Val; // expected-note {{subobject declared here}}
+  consteval S() {}
+};
+
+S s1; // expected-error {{call to consteval function 'NamespaceScopeConsteval::S::S' is not a constant expression}} \
+         expected-note {{subobject of type 'int' is not initialized}}
+
+template <typename Ty>
+struct T {
+  Ty Val; // expected-note {{subobject declared here}}
+  consteval T() {}
+};
+
+T<int> t; // expected-error {{call to consteval function 'NamespaceScopeConsteval::T<int>::T' is not a constant expression}} \
+             expected-note {{subobject of type 'int' is not initialized}}
+
+} // namespace NamespaceScopeConsteval