[libc++] Fix error flags and exceptions propagated from input stream …

…operations

Summary:
This is a re-application of r357533 and r357531. They had been reverted
because we thought the commits broke the LLDB data formatters, but it
turns out this was because only r357531 had been included in the CI
run.

Before this patch, we would only ever throw an exception if the badbit
was set on the stream. The Standard is currently very unclear on how
exceptions should be propagated and what error flags should be set by
the input stream operations. This commit changes libc++ to behave under
a different (but valid) interpretation of the Standard. This interpretation
of the Standard matches what other implementations are doing.

This effectively implements the wording in p1264r0. It hasn't been voted
into the Standard yet, however there is wide agreement that the fix is
correct and it's just a matter of time before the fix is standardized.

PR21586
PR15949
rdar://problem/15347558

Reviewers: mclow.lists, EricWF

Subscribers: christof, dexonsmith, cfe-commits

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D49863

llvm-svn: 357775

libcxx/include/ios

@@ -330,6 +330,15 @@ public:
     void __set_badbit_and_consider_rethrow();
     void __set_failbit_and_consider_rethrow();
 
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void __setstate_nothrow(iostate __state)
+    {
+        if (__rdbuf_)
+            __rdstate_ |= __state;
+        else
+            __rdstate_ |= __state | ios_base::badbit;
+    }
+
 protected:
     _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
     ios_base() {// purposefully does no initialization