[libc++][chrono] Fix streaming for unsigned durations. (#97889)

This fixes formatting for durations using the unsigned types unsigned
short, unsigned, unsigned long, and unsigned long long. It does not
allow the unsigned char type. Since the formatting function uses
ostream::operator<< this type probably does not do what it should do.

Note that based on the standard all arithmetic types are allowed,
including bool, char, wchar_t. These types are not implemented either.
Allowing them seems like a defect in the Standard.

No effort is done to support user-defined types; the wording in the
Standard is unclear regarding the constrains for these types.

[LWG 4118](https://cplusplus.github.io/LWG/issue4118) discusses this
issue further.

Fixes #96820

libcxx/include/__chrono/formatter.h

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include <__memory/addressof.h>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <ctime>
+#include <limits>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string_view>
 
@@ -589,9 +590,16 @@ __format_chrono(const _Tp& __value,
     __sstr << __value;
   else {
     if constexpr (chrono::__is_duration<_Tp>::value) {
-      if (__value < __value.zero())
-        __sstr << _CharT('-');
-      __formatter::__format_chrono_using_chrono_specs(__sstr, chrono::abs(__value), __chrono_specs);
+      // A duration can be a user defined arithmetic type. Users may specialize
+      // numeric_limits, but they may not specialize is_signed.
+      if constexpr (numeric_limits<typename _Tp::rep>::is_signed) {
+        if (__value < __value.zero()) {
+          __sstr << _CharT('-');
+          __formatter::__format_chrono_using_chrono_specs(__sstr, -__value, __chrono_specs);
+        } else
+          __formatter::__format_chrono_using_chrono_specs(__sstr, __value, __chrono_specs);
+      } else
+        __formatter::__format_chrono_using_chrono_specs(__sstr, __value, __chrono_specs);
       // TODO FMT When keeping the precision it will truncate the string.
       // Note that the behaviour what the precision does isn't specified.
       __specs.__precision_ = -1;

libcxx/test/std/time/time.duration/time.duration.nonmember/ostream.pass.cpp

@@ -216,10 +216,35 @@ static void test_units() {
   assert(stream_ja_JP_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<int, std::ratio<11, 9>>(0)) == SV("0[11/9]s"));
 }
 
+template <class CharT>
+static void test_unsigned_types() {
+  // Reported in https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/96820
+  using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+
+  // C locale
+  assert(stream_c_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned short, std::atto>(0)) == SV("0as"));
+  assert(stream_c_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned, std::femto>(0)) == SV("0fs"));
+  assert(stream_c_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long, std::pico>(0)) == SV("0ps"));
+  assert(stream_c_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long long, std::nano>(0)) == SV("0ns"));
+
+  // fr_FR locale
+  assert(stream_fr_FR_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned short, std::atto>(0)) == SV("0as"));
+  assert(stream_fr_FR_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned, std::femto>(0)) == SV("0fs"));
+  assert(stream_fr_FR_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long, std::pico>(0)) == SV("0ps"));
+  assert(stream_fr_FR_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long long, std::nano>(0)) == SV("0ns"));
+
+  // ja_JP locale
+  assert(stream_ja_JP_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned short, std::atto>(0)) == SV("0as"));
+  assert(stream_ja_JP_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned, std::femto>(0)) == SV("0fs"));
+  assert(stream_ja_JP_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long, std::pico>(0)) == SV("0ps"));
+  assert(stream_ja_JP_locale<CharT>(std::chrono::duration<unsigned long long, std::nano>(0)) == SV("0ns"));
+}
+
 template <class CharT>
 static void test() {
   test_values<CharT>();
   test_units<CharT>();
+  test_unsigned_types<CharT>();
 }
 
 int main(int, char**) {

libcxx/test/std/time/time.syn/formatter.duration.pass.cpp

@@ -1157,12 +1157,24 @@ static void test_pr62082() {
   check(SV("00.111111"), SV("{:%S}"), std::chrono::duration<long double, std::ratio<1, 9>>{1});
 }
 
+template <class CharT>
+static void test_unsigned_duration() {
+  // Reported in https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/96820
+  using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+
+  check(SV("1as"), SV("{}"), std::chrono::duration<unsigned short, std::atto>(1));
+  check(SV("1fs"), SV("{}"), std::chrono::duration<unsigned, std::femto>(1));
+  check(SV("1ps"), SV("{}"), std::chrono::duration<unsigned long, std::pico>(1));
+  check(SV("1ns"), SV("{}"), std::chrono::duration<unsigned long long, std::nano>(1));
+}
+
 template <class CharT>
 static void test() {
   using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
 
   test_no_chrono_specs<CharT>();
   test_valid_values<CharT>();
+  test_unsigned_duration<CharT>();
   test_pr62082<CharT>();
 
   check_invalid_types<CharT>(