[flang] Fix assert on bad character kind

When we report an error for a bad character kind, don't keep it in the
`DeclTypeSpec`. Otherwise there could be further problems. In this case,
`ComputeOffsets()` got an assertion error because we didn't recognize
`CHARACTER(*,8)` as needing a descriptor because of the bad kind.

Fixes https://bugs.llvm.org/show_bug.cgi?id=47173

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86357

flang/lib/Semantics/resolve-names.cpp

@@ -3461,6 +3461,7 @@ void DeclarationVisitor::Post(const parser::CharSelector::LengthAndKind &x) {
           TypeCategory::Character, *intKind)) { // C715, C719
     Say(currStmtSource().value(),
         "KIND value (%jd) not valid for CHARACTER"_err_en_US, *intKind);
+    charInfo_.kind = std::nullopt; // prevent further errors
   }
   if (x.length) {
     charInfo_.length = GetParamValue(*x.length, common::TypeParamAttr::Len);

flang/test/Semantics/kinds02.f90

@@ -83,3 +83,9 @@
 !ERROR: CHARACTER(KIND=8) is not a supported type
 character(len=*), parameter :: cvar11 = 8_"abcd"
 end program
+
+subroutine s(a, b)
+  character(*,2) :: a
+  !ERROR: KIND value (8) not valid for CHARACTER
+  character(*,8) :: b
+end