apacheGH-37770: [MATLAB] Add CSV TableReader and TableWriter MATL…

…AB classes (apache#37773)

### Rationale for this change

To enable initial CSV I/O support, this PR adds `arrow.io.csv.TableReader` and `arrow.io.csv.TableWriter` MATLAB classes to the MATLAB interface.

### What changes are included in this PR?

1. Added a new `arrow.io.csv.TableReader` class
2. Added a new `arrow.io.csv.TableWriter` class

**Example**
```matlab
>> matlabTableWrite = array2table(rand(3))

matlabTableWrite =

  3×3 table

     Var1        Var2       Var3  
    _______    ________    _______

    0.91131    0.091595    0.24594
    0.51315     0.27368    0.62119
    0.42942     0.88665    0.49501

>> arrowTableWrite = arrow.table(matlabTableWrite)

arrowTableWrite = 

Var1: double
Var2: double
Var3: double
----
Var1:
  [
    [
      0.9113083542736461,
      0.5131490075412158,
      0.42942202968065213
    ]
  ]
Var2:
  [
    [
      0.09159480217154525,
      0.27367730380496647,
      0.8866478145458545
    ]
  ]
Var3:
  [
    [
      0.2459443412735529,
      0.6211893868708748,
      0.49500739584280073
    ]
  ]

>> writer = arrow.io.csv.TableWriter("example.csv")

writer = 

  TableWriter with properties:

    Filename: "example.csv"

>> writer.write(arrowTableWrite)

>> reader = arrow.io.csv.TableReader("example.csv")

reader = 

  TableReader with properties:

    Filename: "example.csv"

>> arrowTableRead = reader.read()

arrowTableRead = 

Var1: double
Var2: double
Var3: double
----
Var1:
  [
    [
      0.9113083542736461,
      0.5131490075412158,
      0.42942202968065213
    ]
  ]
Var2:
  [
    [
      0.09159480217154525,
      0.27367730380496647,
      0.8866478145458545
    ]
  ]
Var3:
  [
    [
      0.2459443412735529,
      0.6211893868708748,
      0.49500739584280073
    ]
  ]

>> matlabTableRead = table(arrowTableRead)

matlabTableRead =

  3×3 table

     Var1        Var2       Var3  
    _______    ________    _______

    0.91131    0.091595    0.24594
    0.51315     0.27368    0.62119
    0.42942     0.88665    0.49501

>> isequal(arrowTableRead, arrowTableWrite)

ans =

  logical

   1

>> isequal(matlabTableRead, matlabTableWrite)

ans =

  logical

   1
```

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

1. Added new CSV I/O tests including `test/arrow/io/csv/tRoundTrip.m` and `test/arrow/io/csv/tError.m`.
2. Both of these test classes inherit from a `CSVTest` superclass.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

1. Users can now read and write CSV files using `arrow.io.csv.TableReader` and `arrow.io.csv.TableWriter`.

### Future Directions

1. Expose [options](https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/main/cpp/src/arrow/csv/options.h) for controlling CSV reading and writing in MATLAB.
2. Add more read/write tests for null value handling and other datatypes beyond numeric and string values.
4. Add a `RecordBatchReader` and `RecordBatchWriter` for CSV.
5. Add support for more I/O formats like Parquet, JSON, ORC, Arrow IPC, etc.

### Notes

1. Thank you @ sgilmore10 for your help with this pull request!
2. I chose to add both the `TableReader` and `TableWriter` in one pull request because it simplified testing. My apologies for the slightly lengthy pull request.
* Closes: apache#37770

Lead-authored-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>
Co-authored-by: Sarah Gilmore <sgilmore@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>

matlab/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -34,8 +34,9 @@ function(build_arrow)
 
   set(ARROW_PREFIX "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/arrow_ep-prefix")
   set(ARROW_BINARY_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/arrow_ep-build")
-  set(ARROW_CMAKE_ARGS "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${ARROW_PREFIX}"
-                       "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib" "-DARROW_BUILD_STATIC=OFF")
+  set(ARROW_CMAKE_ARGS
+      "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${ARROW_PREFIX}" "-DCMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR=lib"
+      "-DARROW_BUILD_STATIC=OFF" "-DARROW_CSV=ON")
 
   add_library(arrow_shared SHARED IMPORTED)
   set(ARROW_LIBRARY_TARGET arrow_shared)

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/error/error.h

@@ -182,6 +182,9 @@ namespace arrow::matlab::error {
     static const char* TABLE_INVALID_NUMERIC_COLUMN_INDEX = "arrow:tabular:table:InvalidNumericColumnIndex";
     static const char* FAILED_TO_OPEN_FILE_FOR_WRITE = "arrow:io:FailedToOpenFileForWrite";
     static const char* FAILED_TO_OPEN_FILE_FOR_READ = "arrow:io:FailedToOpenFileForRead";
+    static const char* CSV_FAILED_TO_WRITE_TABLE = "arrow:io:csv:FailedToWriteTable";
+    static const char* CSV_FAILED_TO_CREATE_TABLE_READER = "arrow:io:csv:FailedToCreateTableReader";
+    static const char* CSV_FAILED_TO_READ_TABLE = "arrow:io:csv:FailedToReadTable";
     static const char* FEATHER_FAILED_TO_WRITE_TABLE = "arrow:io:feather:FailedToWriteTable";
     static const char* TABLE_FROM_RECORD_BATCH = "arrow:table:FromRecordBatch";
     static const char* FEATHER_FAILED_TO_CREATE_READER = "arrow:io:feather:FailedToCreateReader";

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_reader.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "libmexclass/proxy/ProxyManager.h"
+
+#include "arrow/matlab/error/error.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_reader.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/tabular/proxy/table.h"
+
+#include "arrow/util/utf8.h"
+
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+
+#include "arrow/io/file.h"
+#include "arrow/io/interfaces.h"
+#include "arrow/csv/reader.h"
+#include "arrow/table.h"
+
+namespace arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy {
+
+    TableReader::TableReader(const std::string& filename) : filename{filename} {
+        REGISTER_METHOD(TableReader, read);
+        REGISTER_METHOD(TableReader, getFilename);
+    }
+
+    libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult TableReader::make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments) {
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        using TableReaderProxy = arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy::TableReader;
+
+        mda::StructArray args = constructor_arguments[0];
+        const mda::StringArray filename_utf16_mda = args[0]["Filename"];
+        const auto filename_utf16 = std::u16string(filename_utf16_mda[0]);
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR(const auto filename, arrow::util::UTF16StringToUTF8(filename_utf16), error::UNICODE_CONVERSION_ERROR_ID);
+
+        return std::make_shared<TableReaderProxy>(filename);
+    }
+
+    void TableReader::read(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context) {
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        using namespace libmexclass::proxy;
+        namespace csv = ::arrow::csv;
+        using TableProxy = arrow::matlab::tabular::proxy::Table;
+
+        mda::ArrayFactory factory;
+
+        // Create a file input stream.
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(auto source, arrow::io::ReadableFile::Open(filename, arrow::default_memory_pool()), context, error::FAILED_TO_OPEN_FILE_FOR_READ);
+
+        const ::arrow::io::IOContext io_context;
+        const auto read_options = csv::ReadOptions::Defaults();
+        const auto parse_options = csv::ParseOptions::Defaults();
+        const auto convert_options = csv::ConvertOptions::Defaults();
+
+        // Create a TableReader from the file input stream.
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(auto table_reader,
+                                            csv::TableReader::Make(io_context, source, read_options, parse_options, convert_options),
+                                            context,
+                                            error::CSV_FAILED_TO_CREATE_TABLE_READER);
+
+        // Read a Table from the file.
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(const auto table, table_reader->Read(), context, error::CSV_FAILED_TO_READ_TABLE);
+
+        auto table_proxy = std::make_shared<TableProxy>(table);
+        const auto table_proxy_id = ProxyManager::manageProxy(table_proxy);
+
+        const auto table_proxy_id_mda = factory.createScalar(table_proxy_id);
+
+        context.outputs[0] = table_proxy_id_mda;
+    }
+
+    void TableReader::getFilename(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context) {
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        mda::ArrayFactory factory;
+
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(const auto filename_utf16, arrow::util::UTF8StringToUTF16(filename), context, error::UNICODE_CONVERSION_ERROR_ID);
+        auto filename_utf16_mda = factory.createScalar(filename_utf16);
+        context.outputs[0] = filename_utf16_mda;
+    }
+
+}

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_reader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "libmexclass/proxy/Proxy.h"
+
+namespace arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy {
+
+    class TableReader : public libmexclass::proxy::Proxy {
+        public:
+            TableReader(const std::string& filename);
+            ~TableReader() {}
+            static libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments);
+
+        protected:
+            void read(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context);
+            void getFilename(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context);
+
+        private:
+            const std::string filename;
+    };
+
+}

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_writer.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#include "arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_writer.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/tabular/proxy/table.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/error/error.h"
+
+#include "arrow/result.h"
+#include "arrow/table.h"
+#include "arrow/util/utf8.h"
+
+#include "arrow/io/file.h"
+#include "arrow/csv/writer.h"
+#include "arrow/csv/options.h"
+
+#include "libmexclass/proxy/ProxyManager.h"
+
+namespace arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy {
+
+    TableWriter::TableWriter(const std::string& filename) : filename{filename} {
+        REGISTER_METHOD(TableWriter, getFilename);
+        REGISTER_METHOD(TableWriter, write);
+    }
+
+    libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult TableWriter::make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments) {
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        mda::StructArray opts = constructor_arguments[0];
+        const mda::StringArray filename_mda = opts[0]["Filename"];
+        using TableWriterProxy = ::arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy::TableWriter;
+
+        const auto filename_utf16 = std::u16string(filename_mda[0]);
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR(const auto filename_utf8,
+                               arrow::util::UTF16StringToUTF8(filename_utf16),
+                               error::UNICODE_CONVERSION_ERROR_ID);
+
+        return std::make_shared<TableWriterProxy>(filename_utf8);
+    }
+
+    void TableWriter::getFilename(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context) {
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(const auto utf16_filename,
+                                            arrow::util::UTF8StringToUTF16(filename),
+                                            context,
+                                            error::UNICODE_CONVERSION_ERROR_ID);
+        mda::ArrayFactory factory;
+        auto str_mda = factory.createScalar(utf16_filename);
+        context.outputs[0] = str_mda;
+    }
+
+    void TableWriter::write(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context) {
+        namespace csv = ::arrow::csv;
+        namespace mda = ::matlab::data;
+        using TableProxy = ::arrow::matlab::tabular::proxy::Table;
+
+        mda::StructArray opts = context.inputs[0];
+        const mda::TypedArray<uint64_t> table_proxy_id_mda = opts[0]["TableProxyID"];
+        const uint64_t table_proxy_id = table_proxy_id_mda[0];
+
+        auto proxy = libmexclass::proxy::ProxyManager::getProxy(table_proxy_id);
+        auto table_proxy = std::static_pointer_cast<TableProxy>(proxy);
+        auto table = table_proxy->unwrap();
+
+        MATLAB_ASSIGN_OR_ERROR_WITH_CONTEXT(const auto output_stream,
+                                            arrow::io::FileOutputStream::Open(filename),
+                                            context,
+                                            error::FAILED_TO_OPEN_FILE_FOR_WRITE);
+        const auto options = csv::WriteOptions::Defaults();
+        MATLAB_ERROR_IF_NOT_OK_WITH_CONTEXT(csv::WriteCSV(*table, options, output_stream.get()),
+                                            context,
+                                            error::CSV_FAILED_TO_WRITE_TABLE);
+    }
+}

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_writer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "libmexclass/proxy/Proxy.h"
+
+namespace arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy {
+
+    class TableWriter : public libmexclass::proxy::Proxy {
+        public:
+            TableWriter(const std::string& filename);
+            ~TableWriter() {}
+            static libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult make(const libmexclass::proxy::FunctionArguments& constructor_arguments);
+
+        protected:
+            void getFilename(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context);
+            void write(libmexclass::proxy::method::Context& context);
+
+        private:
+            const std::string filename;
+    };
+
+}

matlab/src/cpp/arrow/matlab/proxy/factory.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
 #include "arrow/matlab/type/proxy/field.h"
 #include "arrow/matlab/io/feather/proxy/writer.h"
 #include "arrow/matlab/io/feather/proxy/reader.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_writer.h"
+#include "arrow/matlab/io/csv/proxy/table_reader.h"
 
 #include "factory.h"
 
@@ -85,6 +87,8 @@ libmexclass::proxy::MakeResult Factory::make_proxy(const ClassName& class_name,
     REGISTER_PROXY(arrow.type.proxy.StructType     , arrow::matlab::type::proxy::StructType);
     REGISTER_PROXY(arrow.io.feather.proxy.Writer   , arrow::matlab::io::feather::proxy::Writer);
     REGISTER_PROXY(arrow.io.feather.proxy.Reader   , arrow::matlab::io::feather::proxy::Reader);
+    REGISTER_PROXY(arrow.io.csv.proxy.TableWriter  , arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy::TableWriter);
+    REGISTER_PROXY(arrow.io.csv.proxy.TableReader  , arrow::matlab::io::csv::proxy::TableReader);
 
     return libmexclass::error::Error{error::UNKNOWN_PROXY_ERROR_ID, "Did not find matching C++ proxy for " + class_name};
 };

matlab/src/matlab/+arrow/+io/+csv/TableReader.m

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+%TABLEREADER Reads tabular data from a CSV file into an arrow.tabular.Table.
+
+% Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+% contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+% this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+% The ASF licenses this file to you under the Apache License, Version
+% 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+% with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+%
+%   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+%
+% Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+% distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+% WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+% implied.  See the License for the specific language governing
+% permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+classdef TableReader
+
+    properties (GetAccess=public, SetAccess=private, Hidden)
+        Proxy
+    end
+
+    properties (Dependent, SetAccess=private, GetAccess=public)
+        Filename
+    end
+
+    methods
+
+        function obj = TableReader(filename)
+            arguments
+                filename (1, 1) string {mustBeNonmissing, mustBeNonzeroLengthText}
+            end
+
+            args = struct(Filename=filename);
+            obj.Proxy = arrow.internal.proxy.create("arrow.io.csv.proxy.TableReader", args);
+        end
+
+        function table = read(obj)
+            tableProxyID = obj.Proxy.read();
+            proxy = libmexclass.proxy.Proxy(Name="arrow.tabular.proxy.Table", ID=tableProxyID);
+            table = arrow.tabular.Table(proxy);
+        end
+
+        function filename = get.Filename(obj)
+            filename = obj.Proxy.getFilename();
+        end
+
+    end
+
+end