DM-34887: Transfer dimension records with butler.transfer_from()

[timj]

This allows completely unrelated datasets to be copied into
a new butler.

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #708 (9693f7f) into main (07e057c) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #708      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   84.56%   84.58%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         243      243              
  Lines       31854    31875      +21     
  Branches     5972     5982      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits        26937    26961      +24     
+ Misses       3745     3744       -1     
+ Partials     1172     1170       -2     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
python/lsst/daf/butler/script/transferDatasets.py	41.17% <ø> (ø)
python/lsst/daf/butler/_butler.py	80.14% <100.00%> (+0.56%)	⬆️
python/lsst/daf/butler/cli/cmd/commands.py	91.36% <100.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
...ython/lsst/daf/butler/registry/dimensions/table.py	86.01% <100.00%> (+0.11%)	⬆️
tests/test_butler.py	97.61% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
...ython/lsst/daf/butler/registry/databases/sqlite.py	85.81% <0.00%> (+1.41%)	⬆️

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