DM-38412: Improve schema version handling in Registry

[andy-slac]

This commit enables support of multiple schema versions by a single manager. Managers now have an access to the exact schema version as defined by the registry. Added unit test to check new functionality.

Checklist

• ran Jenkins
• added a release note for user-visible changes to doc/changes

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage: 94.80% and project coverage change: +2.02 🎉

Comparison is base (8cb2e88) 85.61% compared to head (25369b4) 87.63%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #810      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   85.61%   87.63%   +2.02%     
==========================================
  Files         266      267       +1     
  Lines       35314    34700     -614     
  Branches     7433     7290     -143     
==========================================
+ Hits        30234    30411     +177     
+ Misses       3749     3136     -613     
+ Partials     1331     1153     -178     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
python/lsst/daf/butler/tests/_dummyRegistry.py	87.77% <60.00%> (+0.13%)	⬆️
python/lsst/daf/butler/registry/managers.py	86.39% <86.48%> (-0.73%)	⬇️
python/lsst/daf/butler/registry/versions.py	83.33% <92.50%> (+13.85%)	⬆️
...lsst/daf/butler/registry/interfaces/_versioning.py	91.07% <97.05%> (+9.58%)	⬆️
tests/test_versioning.py	98.23% <98.23%> (ø)
python/lsst/daf/butler/registry/attributes.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...thon/lsst/daf/butler/registry/bridge/monolithic.py	90.81% <100.00%> (+3.56%)	⬆️
...thon/lsst/daf/butler/registry/collections/_base.py	90.60% <100.00%> (+1.47%)	⬆️
...on/lsst/daf/butler/registry/collections/nameKey.py	97.61% <100.00%> (+4.43%)	⬆️
...sst/daf/butler/registry/collections/synthIntKey.py	98.27% <100.00%> (+3.27%)	⬆️
... and 12 more

... and 151 files with indirect coverage changes

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[timj]

Looks good