api.go

// Package common implements all the things that an IPFS Cluster API component
// must do, except the actual routes that it handles.
//
// This is meant for re-use when implementing actual REST APIs by saving most
// of the efforts and automatically getting a lot of the setup and things like
// authentication handled.
//
// The API exposes the routes in two ways: the first is through a regular
// HTTP(s) listener. The second is by tunneling HTTP through a libp2p stream
// (thus getting an encrypted channel without the need to setup TLS). Both
// ways can be used at the same time, or disabled.
//
// This is used by rest and pinsvc packages.
package common

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	jwt "github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4"
	types "github.com/lubanproj/ipfs-cluster/api"
	state "github.com/lubanproj/ipfs-cluster/state"
	logging "github.com/ipfs/go-log/v2"
	gopath "github.com/ipfs/go-path"
	libp2p "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p"
	host "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-core/host"
	peer "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-core/peer"
	rpc "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-gorpc"
	gostream "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-gostream"
	p2phttp "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p-http"
	noise "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/p2p/security/noise"
	libp2ptls "github.com/libp2p/go-libp2p/p2p/security/tls"
	manet "github.com/multiformats/go-multiaddr/net"

	handlers "github.com/gorilla/handlers"
	mux "github.com/gorilla/mux"
	"github.com/rs/cors"
	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ochttp"
	"go.opencensus.io/plugin/ochttp/propagation/tracecontext"
	"go.opencensus.io/trace"
)

func init() {
	rand.Seed(time.Now().UnixNano())
}

// StreamChannelSize is used to define buffer sizes for channels.
const StreamChannelSize = 1024

// Common errors
var (
	// ErrNoEndpointEnabled is returned when the API is created but
	// no HTTPListenAddr, nor libp2p configuration fields, nor a libp2p
	// Host are provided.
	ErrNoEndpointsEnabled = errors.New("neither the libp2p nor the HTTP endpoints are enabled")

	// ErrHTTPEndpointNotEnabled is returned when trying to perform
	// operations that rely on the HTTPEndpoint but it is disabled.
	ErrHTTPEndpointNotEnabled = errors.New("the HTTP endpoint is not enabled")
)

// SetStatusAutomatically can be passed to SendResponse(), so that it will
// figure out which http status to set by itself.
const SetStatusAutomatically = -1

// API implements an API and aims to provides
// a RESTful HTTP API for Cluster.
type API struct {
	ctx    context.Context
	cancel func()

	config *Config

	rpcClient *rpc.Client
	rpcReady  chan struct{}
	router    *mux.Router
	routes    func(*rpc.Client) []Route

	server *http.Server
	host   host.Host

	httpListeners  []net.Listener
	libp2pListener net.Listener

	shutdownLock sync.Mutex
	shutdown     bool
	wg           sync.WaitGroup
}

// Route defines a REST endpoint supported by this API.
type Route struct {
	Name        string
	Method      string
	Pattern     string
	HandlerFunc http.HandlerFunc
}

type jwtToken struct {
	Token string `json:"token"`
}

type logWriter struct {
	logger *logging.ZapEventLogger
}

func (lw logWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
	lw.logger.Info(string(b))
	return len(b), nil
}

// NewAPI creates a new common API component with the given configuration.
func NewAPI(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config, routes func(*rpc.Client) []Route) (*API, error) {
	return NewAPIWithHost(ctx, cfg, nil, routes)
}

// NewAPIWithHost creates a new common API component and enables
// the libp2p-http endpoint using the given Host, if not nil.
func NewAPIWithHost(ctx context.Context, cfg *Config, h host.Host, routes func(*rpc.Client) []Route) (*API, error) {
	err := cfg.Validate()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)

	api := &API{
		ctx:      ctx,
		cancel:   cancel,
		config:   cfg,
		host:     h,
		routes:   routes,
		rpcReady: make(chan struct{}, 2),
	}

	// Our handler is a gorilla router wrapped with:
	// - a custom strictSlashHandler that uses 307 redirects (#1415)
	// - the cors handler,
	// - the basic auth handler.
	//
	// Requests will need to have valid credentials first, except
	// cors-preflight requests (OPTIONS). Then requests are handled by
	// CORS and potentially need to comply with it. Then they may be
	// redirected if the path ends with a "/". Finally they hit one of our
	// routes and handlers.
	router := mux.NewRouter()
	handler := api.authHandler(
		cors.New(*cfg.CorsOptions()).
			Handler(
				strictSlashHandler(router),
			),
		cfg.Logger,
	)
	if cfg.Tracing {
		handler = &ochttp.Handler{
			IsPublicEndpoint: true,
			Propagation:      &tracecontext.HTTPFormat{},
			Handler:          handler,
			StartOptions:     trace.StartOptions{SpanKind: trace.SpanKindServer},
			FormatSpanName:   func(req *http.Request) string { return req.Host + ":" + req.URL.Path + ":" + req.Method },
		}
	}

	writer, err := cfg.LogWriter()
	if err != nil {
		cancel()
		return nil, err
	}

	s := &http.Server{
		ReadTimeout:       cfg.ReadTimeout,
		ReadHeaderTimeout: cfg.ReadHeaderTimeout,
		WriteTimeout:      cfg.WriteTimeout,
		IdleTimeout:       cfg.IdleTimeout,
		Handler:           handlers.LoggingHandler(writer, handler),
		MaxHeaderBytes:    cfg.MaxHeaderBytes,
	}

	// See: https://github.com/ipfs/go-ipfs/issues/5168
	// See: https://github.com/lubanproj/ipfs-cluster/issues/548
	// on why this is re-enabled.
	s.SetKeepAlivesEnabled(true)
	s.MaxHeaderBytes = cfg.MaxHeaderBytes

	api.server = s
	api.router = router

	// Set up api.httpListeners if enabled
	err = api.setupHTTP()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Set up api.libp2pListeners if enabled
	err = api.setupLibp2p()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if len(api.httpListeners) == 0 && api.libp2pListener == nil {
		return nil, ErrNoEndpointsEnabled
	}

	api.run(ctx)
	return api, nil
}

func (api *API) setupHTTP() error {
	if len(api.config.HTTPListenAddr) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	for _, listenMAddr := range api.config.HTTPListenAddr {
		n, addr, err := manet.DialArgs(listenMAddr)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		var l net.Listener
		if api.config.TLS != nil {
			l, err = tls.Listen(n, addr, api.config.TLS)
		} else {
			l, err = net.Listen(n, addr)
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		api.httpListeners = append(api.httpListeners, l)
	}
	return nil
}

func (api *API) setupLibp2p() error {
	// Make new host. Override any provided existing one
	// if we have config for a custom one.
	if len(api.config.Libp2pListenAddr) > 0 {
		// We use a new host context. We will call
		// Close() on shutdown(). Avoids things like:
		// https://github.com/lubanproj/ipfs-cluster/issues/853
		h, err := libp2p.New(
			libp2p.Identity(api.config.PrivateKey),
			libp2p.ListenAddrs(api.config.Libp2pListenAddr...),
			libp2p.Security(noise.ID, noise.New),
			libp2p.Security(libp2ptls.ID, libp2ptls.New),
		)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		api.host = h
	}

	if api.host == nil {
		return nil
	}

	l, err := gostream.Listen(api.host, p2phttp.DefaultP2PProtocol)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	api.libp2pListener = l
	return nil
}

func (api *API) addRoutes() {
	for _, route := range api.routes(api.rpcClient) {
		api.router.
			Methods(route.Method).
			Path(route.Pattern).
			Name(route.Name).
			Handler(
				ochttp.WithRouteTag(
					http.HandlerFunc(route.HandlerFunc),
					"/"+route.Name,
				),
			)
	}
	api.router.NotFoundHandler = ochttp.WithRouteTag(
		http.HandlerFunc(api.notFoundHandler),
		"/notfound",
	)
}

// authHandler takes care of authentication either using basicAuth or JWT bearer tokens.
func (api *API) authHandler(h http.Handler, lggr *logging.ZapEventLogger) http.Handler {

	credentials := api.config.BasicAuthCredentials

	// If no credentials are set, we do nothing.
	if credentials == nil {
		return h
	}

	wrap := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		// We let CORS preflight requests pass through the next
		// handler.
		if r.Method == http.MethodOptions {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		username, password, okBasic := r.BasicAuth()
		tokenString, okToken := parseBearerToken(r.Header.Get("Authorization"))

		switch {
		case okBasic:
			ok := verifyBasicAuth(credentials, username, password)
			if !ok {
				w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", wwwAuthenticate("Basic", "Restricted IPFS Cluster API", "", ""))
				api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized: access denied"), nil)
				return
			}
		case okToken:
			_, err := verifyToken(credentials, tokenString)
			if err != nil {
				lggr.Debug(err)

				w.Header().Set("WWW-Authenticate", wwwAuthenticate("Bearer", "Restricted IPFS Cluster API", "invalid_token", ""))
				api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized: invalid token"), nil)
				return
			}
		default:
			// No authentication provided, but needed
			w.Header().Add("WWW-Authenticate", wwwAuthenticate("Bearer", "Restricted IPFS Cluster API", "", ""))
			w.Header().Add("WWW-Authenticate", wwwAuthenticate("Basic", "Restricted IPFS Cluster API", "", ""))
			api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized: no auth provided"), nil)
			return
		}

		// If we are here, authentication worked.
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	}
	return http.HandlerFunc(wrap)
}

func parseBearerToken(authHeader string) (string, bool) {
	const prefix = "Bearer "
	if len(authHeader) < len(prefix) || !strings.EqualFold(authHeader[:len(prefix)], prefix) {
		return "", false
	}

	return authHeader[len(prefix):], true
}

func wwwAuthenticate(auth, realm, error, description string) string {
	str := auth + ` realm="` + realm + `"`
	if len(error) > 0 {
		str += `, error="` + error + `"`
	}
	if len(description) > 0 {
		str += `, error_description="` + description + `"`
	}
	return str
}

func verifyBasicAuth(credentials map[string]string, username, password string) bool {
	if username == "" || password == "" {
		return false
	}
	for u, p := range credentials {
		if u == username && p == password {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// verify that a Bearer JWT token is valid.
func verifyToken(credentials map[string]string, tokenString string) (*jwt.Token, error) {
	// The token should be signed with the basic auth credential password
	// of the issuer, and should have valid standard claims otherwise.
	token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &jwt.RegisteredClaims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
		if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
			return nil, errors.New("unexpected token signing method (not HMAC)")
		}

		if claims, ok := token.Claims.(*jwt.RegisteredClaims); ok {
			key, ok := credentials[claims.Issuer]
			if !ok {
				return nil, errors.New("issuer not found")
			}
			return []byte(key), nil
		}
		return nil, errors.New("no issuer set")
	})

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if !token.Valid {
		return nil, errors.New("invalid token")
	}
	return token, nil
}

// The Gorilla muxer StrictSlash option uses a 301 permanent redirect, which
// results in POST requests becoming GET requests in most clients.  Thus we
// use our own middleware that performs a 307 redirect.  See issue #1415 for
// more details.
func strictSlashHandler(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	wrap := func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		path := r.URL.Path
		if strings.HasSuffix(path, "/") {
			u, _ := url.Parse(r.URL.String())
			u.Path = u.Path[:len(u.Path)-1]
			http.Redirect(w, r, u.String(), http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
			return
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	}

	return http.HandlerFunc(wrap)
}

func (api *API) run(ctx context.Context) {
	api.wg.Add(len(api.httpListeners))
	for _, l := range api.httpListeners {
		go func(l net.Listener) {
			defer api.wg.Done()
			api.runHTTPServer(ctx, l)
		}(l)
	}

	if api.libp2pListener != nil {
		api.wg.Add(1)
		go func() {
			defer api.wg.Done()
			api.runLibp2pServer(ctx)
		}()
	}
}

// runs in goroutine from run()
func (api *API) runHTTPServer(ctx context.Context, l net.Listener) {
	select {
	case <-api.rpcReady:
	case <-api.ctx.Done():
		return
	}

	maddr, err := manet.FromNetAddr(l.Addr())
	if err != nil {
		api.config.Logger.Error(err)
	}

	var authInfo string
	if api.config.BasicAuthCredentials != nil {
		authInfo = " - authenticated"
	}

	api.config.Logger.Infof(strings.ToUpper(api.config.ConfigKey)+" (HTTP"+authInfo+"): %s", maddr)
	err = api.server.Serve(l)
	if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "closed network connection") {
		api.config.Logger.Error(err)
	}
}

// runs in goroutine from run()
func (api *API) runLibp2pServer(ctx context.Context) {
	select {
	case <-api.rpcReady:
	case <-api.ctx.Done():
		return
	}

	listenMsg := ""
	for _, a := range api.host.Addrs() {
		listenMsg += fmt.Sprintf("        %s/p2p/%s\n", a, api.host.ID().Pretty())
	}

	api.config.Logger.Infof(strings.ToUpper(api.config.ConfigKey)+" (libp2p-http): ENABLED. Listening on:\n%s\n", listenMsg)

	err := api.server.Serve(api.libp2pListener)
	if err != nil && !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "context canceled") {
		api.config.Logger.Error(err)
	}
}

// Shutdown stops any API listeners.
func (api *API) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
	_, span := trace.StartSpan(ctx, "api/Shutdown")
	defer span.End()

	api.shutdownLock.Lock()
	defer api.shutdownLock.Unlock()

	if api.shutdown {
		api.config.Logger.Debug("already shutdown")
		return nil
	}

	api.config.Logger.Info("stopping Cluster API")

	api.cancel()
	close(api.rpcReady)

	// Cancel any outstanding ops
	api.server.SetKeepAlivesEnabled(false)

	for _, l := range api.httpListeners {
		l.Close()
	}

	if api.libp2pListener != nil {
		api.libp2pListener.Close()
	}

	api.wg.Wait()

	// This means we created the host
	if api.config.Libp2pListenAddr != nil {
		api.host.Close()
	}
	api.shutdown = true
	return nil
}

// SetClient makes the component ready to perform RPC
// requests.
func (api *API) SetClient(c *rpc.Client) {
	api.rpcClient = c
	api.addRoutes()

	// One notification for http server and one for libp2p server.
	api.rpcReady <- struct{}{}
	api.rpcReady <- struct{}{}
}

func (api *API) notFoundHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusNotFound, errors.New("not found"), nil)
}

// Context returns the API context
func (api *API) Context() context.Context {
	return api.ctx
}

// ParsePinPathOrFail parses a pin path and returns it or makes the request
// fail.
func (api *API) ParsePinPathOrFail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) types.PinPath {
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	urlpath := "/" + vars["keyType"] + "/" + strings.TrimSuffix(vars["path"], "/")

	path, err := gopath.ParsePath(urlpath)
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("error parsing path: "+err.Error()), nil)
		return types.PinPath{}
	}

	pinPath := types.PinPath{Path: path.String()}
	err = pinPath.PinOptions.FromQuery(r.URL.Query())
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err, nil)
	}
	return pinPath
}

// ParseCidOrFail parses a Cid and returns it or makes the request fail.
func (api *API) ParseCidOrFail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) types.Pin {
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	hash := vars["hash"]

	c, err := types.DecodeCid(hash)
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("error decoding Cid: "+err.Error()), nil)
		return types.Pin{}
	}

	opts := types.PinOptions{}
	err = opts.FromQuery(r.URL.Query())
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, err, nil)
	}
	pin := types.PinWithOpts(c, opts)
	pin.MaxDepth = -1 // For now, all pins are recursive
	return pin
}

// ParsePidOrFail parses a PID and returns it or makes the request fail.
func (api *API) ParsePidOrFail(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) peer.ID {
	vars := mux.Vars(r)
	idStr := vars["peer"]
	pid, err := peer.Decode(idStr)
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusBadRequest, errors.New("error decoding Peer ID: "+err.Error()), nil)
		return ""
	}
	return pid
}

// GenerateTokenHandler is a handle to obtain a new JWT token
func (api *API) GenerateTokenHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	if api.config.BasicAuthCredentials == nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized"), nil)
		return
	}

	var issuer string

	// We do not verify as we assume it is already done!
	user, _, okBasic := r.BasicAuth()
	tokenString, okToken := parseBearerToken(r.Header.Get("Authorization"))

	if okBasic {
		issuer = user
	} else if okToken {
		token, err := verifyToken(api.config.BasicAuthCredentials, tokenString)
		if err != nil { // I really hope not because it should be verified
			api.config.Logger.Error("verify token failed in GetTokenHandler!")
			api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized"), nil)
			return
		}
		if claims, ok := token.Claims.(*jwt.RegisteredClaims); ok {
			issuer = claims.Issuer
		} else {
			api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized"), nil)
			return
		}
	} else { // no issuer
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized"), nil)
		return
	}

	pass, okPass := api.config.BasicAuthCredentials[issuer]
	if !okPass { // another place that should never be reached
		api.SendResponse(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errors.New("unauthorized"), nil)
		return
	}

	ss, err := generateSignedTokenString(issuer, pass)
	if err != nil {
		api.SendResponse(w, SetStatusAutomatically, err, nil)
		return
	}
	tokenObj := jwtToken{Token: ss}

	api.SendResponse(w, SetStatusAutomatically, nil, tokenObj)
}

func generateSignedTokenString(issuer, pass string) (string, error) {
	key := []byte(pass)
	claims := jwt.RegisteredClaims{
		Issuer: issuer,
	}

	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, claims)
	return token.SignedString(key)
}

// SendResponse wraps all the logic for writing the response to a request:
// * Write configured headers
// * Write application/json content type
// * Write status: determined automatically if given "SetStatusAutomatically"
// * Write an error if there is or write the response if there is
func (api *API) SendResponse(
	w http.ResponseWriter,
	status int,
	err error,
	resp interface{},
) {

	api.SetHeaders(w)
	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)

	// Send an error
	if err != nil {
		if status == SetStatusAutomatically || status < 400 {
			if err.Error() == state.ErrNotFound.Error() {
				status = http.StatusNotFound
			} else {
				status = http.StatusInternalServerError
			}
		}
		w.WriteHeader(status)

		errorResp := api.config.APIErrorFunc(err, status)
		api.config.Logger.Errorf("sending error response: %d: %s", status, err.Error())

		if err := enc.Encode(errorResp); err != nil {
			api.config.Logger.Error(err)
		}
		return
	}

	// Send a body
	if resp != nil {
		if status == SetStatusAutomatically {
			status = http.StatusOK
		}

		w.WriteHeader(status)

		if err = enc.Encode(resp); err != nil {
			api.config.Logger.Error(err)
		}
		return
	}

	// Empty response
	if status == SetStatusAutomatically {
		status = http.StatusNoContent
	}

	w.WriteHeader(status)
}

// StreamIterator is a function that returns the next item. It is used in
// StreamResponse.
type StreamIterator func() (interface{}, bool, error)

// StreamResponse reads from an iterator and sends the response.
func (api *API) StreamResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, next StreamIterator, errCh chan error) {
	api.SetHeaders(w)
	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
	flusher, flush := w.(http.Flusher)
	w.Header().Set("Trailer", "X-Stream-Error")

	total := 0
	var err error
	var ok bool
	var item interface{}
	for {
		item, ok, err = next()
		if total == 0 {
			if err != nil {
				st := http.StatusInternalServerError
				w.WriteHeader(st)
				errorResp := api.config.APIErrorFunc(err, st)
				api.config.Logger.Errorf("sending error response: %d: %s", st, err.Error())

				if err := enc.Encode(errorResp); err != nil {
					api.config.Logger.Error(err)
				}
				return
			}
			if !ok { // but no error.
				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
				return
			}
			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
		}
		if err != nil {
			break
		}

		// finish just fine
		if !ok {
			break
		}

		// we have an item
		total++
		err = enc.Encode(item)
		if err != nil {
			api.config.Logger.Error(err)
			break
		}
		if flush {
			flusher.Flush()
		}
	}

	if err != nil {
		w.Header().Set("X-Stream-Error", err.Error())
	} else {
		// Due to some Javascript-browser-land stuff, we set the header
		// even when there is no error.
		w.Header().Set("X-Stream-Error", "")
	}
	// check for function errors
	for funcErr := range errCh {
		if funcErr != nil {
			w.Header().Add("X-Stream-Error", funcErr.Error())
		}
	}
}

// SetHeaders sets all the headers that are common to all responses
// from this API. Called automatically from SendResponse().
func (api *API) SetHeaders(w http.ResponseWriter) {
	for header, values := range api.config.Headers {
		for _, val := range values {
			w.Header().Add(header, val)
		}
	}

	w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "application/json")
}

// These functions below are mostly used in tests.

// HTTPAddresses returns the HTTP(s) listening address
// in host:port format. Useful when configured to start
// on a random port (0). Returns error when the HTTP endpoint
// is not enabled.
func (api *API) HTTPAddresses() ([]string, error) {
	if len(api.httpListeners) == 0 {
		return nil, ErrHTTPEndpointNotEnabled
	}
	var addrs []string
	for _, l := range api.httpListeners {
		addrs = append(addrs, l.Addr().String())
	}

	return addrs, nil
}

// Host returns the libp2p Host used by the API, if any.
// The result is either the host provided during initialization,
// a default Host created with options from the configuration object,
// or nil.
func (api *API) Host() host.Host {
	return api.host
}

// Headers returns the configured Headers.
// Useful for testing.
func (api *API) Headers() map[string][]string {
	return api.config.Headers
}

// SetKeepAlivesEnabled controls the HTTP server Keep Alive settings.  Useful
// for testing.
func (api *API) SetKeepAlivesEnabled(b bool) {
	api.server.SetKeepAlivesEnabled(b)
}