To build single pages application is seconds, not hours.
SPA infrastruction setup could be time consuming. It's typicall problem, to configure requirejs, intial routing and view manager, to prevent memory leaks. This project could be used as good start to build own single page application.
'TheMailer' - simple app for managing emails, contacts, tasks.
Clone github repository,
$ git clone git@github.com:alexanderbeletsky/backbone-express-spa.git
Install npm dependencies,
$ npm install
Install bower dependencies,
$ bower install
Run app (development mode),
$ node app.js
This project is complete and minimal setup for building single page applications running on Express.js framework as back-end and Backbone.js as front-end.
SPA itself is rather simple concept, but it requires some infrascture to have in place, before build up new application. This project already includes this infrastructure.
Express.js is used as back-end development framework. It's simple and easy to configure for SPA.
In API-oriented architecture back-end is responsible for 2 main purposes:
- Serving master page html
- Providing API end-points for web client
Master page is main (and typically one) html page returned from server. It includes all styles and javascript, provides very basic layout and placeholder for application.
<div class="container">
<div id="app" class="container"></div>
</div>After master page is served back to client the rest of UI and logic is build by Backbone.js.
To serve master pages application includes middleware component serveMaster.js. It would respond with master page html for any request, expect the requests for /api, /components, /css/ or /js.
API is HTTP, JSON based end-points. Sources are located at sourse/api. Each API module retunrs a function that takes app instance and setup HTTP verb handler for a route.
module.exports = function (app) {
app.get('/api/emails', function (req, res) {
res.json({status: 'GET /api/users'});
});
app.post('/api/emails', function (req, res) {
res.json({status: 'POST /api/users'});
});
app.put('/api/emails/:id', function (req, res) {
res.json({status: 'PUT /api/users/' + req.params.id});
});
app.del('/api/emails/:id', function (req, res) {
res.json({status: 'DELETE /api/users/' + req.params.id});
});
};To enable API end-point, you should modify app.js file, like
// api endpoinds
require('./source/api/emails')(app);
require('./source/api/contacts')(app);
require('./source/api/tasks')(app);Backbone.js is the one of most popular front-end development framework (library). It provides abstractions for models, views, collections and able to handle client-side routing.
Front-end architecture is build on modular structure and relying on AMD to allow build scallable applications.
RequireJS picked up as asynchronous javascript module loading. RequireJS uses it's own style for defining modules, specifying the dependency as array of strings.
define([
'/some/dep',
'another/dep',
'yet/another/dep',
'text!./templates/template.html,
jQuery,
Backbone'], function(SomeDep, AnotherDep, YetAnotherDep, template, $, Backbobe) {
// module implementation...
});With some time spent on Node.js programming, CommonJS style becomes more convenient to use. Fortunatelly RequireJS has CommonJS style implementation.
define(function (require) {
// dependencies
var SomeDep = require('/some/dep');
var AnotherDep = require('another/dep');
// export
return {};
});All routing logic is placed in /core/router.js. There are 3 routes defined in boilerplace.
Each route handler is responsible for starting up new application. Application run function takes ViewManager instance.
SPA application typical threat is memory leaks. Memory leaks might appear for a few reasons, one of the most famous reason for Backbone applications are, so called, zombie views.
/core/viewManager.js is responsible for disposing views during switch from one router to another.
Application is concept of grouping models, collections, views of unit in one place. The rule is, "one route - one application". Router matches the route, loading the application entry point and passes viewManager (or any other parameters, like id's or query strings) into application.
All applications are apps folder.
app.js is entry point of application and it's responsible for several things:
- Fetching intial application data
- Instantiating Main View of application
define(function(require) {
var MainView = require('./views/MainView');
return {
run: function (viewManager) {
var view = new MainView();
viewManager.show(view);
}
};
});Main view responsible for UI of application. It's quite typically that main view is only instantiating subviews and passing the models/collections further down.
MainView.js keeps track of subviews in this.subviews arrays. Each subview will be closed by ViewManager dispose function.
var MainView = Backbone.View.extend({
initialize: function () {
this.subviews = [];
},
render: function () {
var headerView = new HeaderView();
this.subviews.push(headerView);
this.$el.append(headerView.render().el);
var footerView = new FooterView();
this.subviews.push(footerView);
this.$el.append(footerView.render().el);
return this;
}
});Handlebars is picked up as templating engine, powered by require-handlebars-plugin. Templates are stored on application level in template folder. Handlebars plugin is configured to keep templates in .html files.
View is loading template throught !hbs plugin and uses that in render() function.
var HeaderView = Backbone.View.extend({
template: require('hbs!./../templates/HeaderView'),
render: function () {
this.$el.html(this.template({title: 'Backbone SPA boilerplate'}));
return this;
}
});Copyright (c) 2013 Alexander Beletsky
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.