Find Duplicates Benchmark

Benchmark showcasing 6 ways to check if a collection contains a duplicate element

BenchmarkDotNet=v0.13.2, OS=Windows 11 (10.0.22621.2283)
12th Gen Intel Core i7-12700H, 1 CPU, 20 logical and 14 physical cores
.NET SDK=8.0.100-preview.7.23376.3
  [Host]     : .NET 8.0.0 (8.0.23.37506), X64 RyuJIT AVX2
  DefaultJob : .NET 8.0.0 (8.0.23.37506), X64 RyuJIT AVX2

Method	Size	DuplicateLocation	CollectionType	Mean	Error	StdDev	Median	Ratio	RatioSD	Allocated	Alloc Ratio
Foreach	100	None	Array	509.29 ns	7.411 ns	6.188 ns	509.99 ns	1.00	0.00	1864 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	None	Array	630.51 ns	8.572 ns	7.599 ns	629.13 ns	1.24	0.03	1952 B	1.05
LinqAll	100	None	Array	560.42 ns	4.827 ns	4.031 ns	560.47 ns	1.10	0.02	1928 B	1.03
LinqDistinct	100	None	Array	525.37 ns	10.210 ns	10.485 ns	528.53 ns	1.03	0.03	1928 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	None	Array	2,544.85 ns	47.961 ns	53.308 ns	2,559.89 ns	4.96	0.13	11032 B	5.92
ToHashSet	100	None	Array	536.66 ns	6.946 ns	6.497 ns	537.17 ns	1.05	0.02	1864 B	1.00
Foreach	100	None	Enumerable	1,195.92 ns	23.780 ns	46.382 ns	1,176.30 ns	1.00	0.00	6112 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	None	Enumerable	1,237.36 ns	13.536 ns	11.999 ns	1,238.64 ns	0.98	0.02	6200 B	1.01
LinqAll	100	None	Enumerable	1,163.70 ns	16.393 ns	15.334 ns	1,161.57 ns	0.93	0.02	6176 B	1.01
LinqDistinct	100	None	Enumerable	1,531.50 ns	18.042 ns	15.994 ns	1,531.16 ns	1.21	0.02	6288 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	None	Enumerable	2,707.20 ns	29.221 ns	27.333 ns	2,702.41 ns	2.15	0.06	11112 B	1.82
ToHashSet	100	None	Enumerable	1,497.04 ns	14.213 ns	13.295 ns	1,494.99 ns	1.19	0.03	6224 B	1.02
Foreach	100	Beginning	Array	76.41 ns	1.600 ns	1.497 ns	76.96 ns	1.00	0.00	1864 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	Beginning	Array	83.10 ns	1.405 ns	1.314 ns	82.66 ns	1.09	0.03	1952 B	1.05
LinqAll	100	Beginning	Array	78.97 ns	1.577 ns	1.619 ns	79.02 ns	1.04	0.02	1928 B	1.03
LinqDistinct	100	Beginning	Array	499.30 ns	9.493 ns	8.880 ns	498.92 ns	6.54	0.17	1928 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	Beginning	Array	1,838.40 ns	31.122 ns	47.527 ns	1,821.41 ns	24.43	0.78	10976 B	5.89
ToHashSet	100	Beginning	Array	495.64 ns	4.430 ns	3.927 ns	495.16 ns	6.49	0.11	1864 B	1.00
Foreach	100	Beginning	Enumerable	41.34 ns	0.677 ns	0.633 ns	41.21 ns	1.00	0.00	280 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	Beginning	Enumerable	49.12 ns	0.482 ns	0.451 ns	49.30 ns	1.19	0.02	368 B	1.31
LinqAll	100	Beginning	Enumerable	45.40 ns	0.398 ns	0.352 ns	45.33 ns	1.10	0.02	344 B	1.23
LinqDistinct	100	Beginning	Enumerable	1,576.97 ns	31.569 ns	31.005 ns	1,578.58 ns	38.13	0.75	6288 B	22.46
LinqGroupBy	100	Beginning	Enumerable	2,049.56 ns	39.167 ns	41.908 ns	2,053.40 ns	49.51	1.44	11056 B	39.49
ToHashSet	100	Beginning	Enumerable	1,532.25 ns	14.659 ns	12.241 ns	1,532.09 ns	37.08	0.46	6224 B	22.23
Foreach	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	276.12 ns	5.458 ns	7.287 ns	275.99 ns	1.00	0.00	1864 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	305.24 ns	5.211 ns	4.875 ns	303.35 ns	1.11	0.05	1952 B	1.05
LinqAll	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	281.73 ns	5.446 ns	5.827 ns	282.57 ns	1.02	0.03	1928 B	1.03
LinqDistinct	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	518.60 ns	9.814 ns	10.078 ns	516.67 ns	1.87	0.06	1928 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	2,157.15 ns	22.612 ns	21.152 ns	2,157.48 ns	7.81	0.25	10976 B	5.89
ToHashSet	100	FortyOnePercent	Array	529.03 ns	6.473 ns	5.738 ns	529.83 ns	1.92	0.06	1864 B	1.00
Foreach	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	592.29 ns	7.031 ns	6.577 ns	592.38 ns	1.00	0.00	2904 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	606.11 ns	12.119 ns	15.327 ns	603.99 ns	1.02	0.03	2992 B	1.03
LinqAll	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	578.34 ns	6.970 ns	6.520 ns	576.95 ns	0.98	0.01	2968 B	1.02
LinqDistinct	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	1,612.72 ns	22.169 ns	20.737 ns	1,620.28 ns	2.72	0.06	6288 B	2.17
LinqGroupBy	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	2,385.22 ns	29.971 ns	26.568 ns	2,382.86 ns	4.03	0.05	11056 B	3.81
ToHashSet	100	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	1,549.72 ns	22.578 ns	21.120 ns	1,546.13 ns	2.62	0.04	6224 B	2.14
Foreach	100	End	Array	498.11 ns	5.510 ns	5.154 ns	498.17 ns	1.00	0.00	1864 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	End	Array	612.99 ns	6.269 ns	5.557 ns	614.90 ns	1.23	0.02	1952 B	1.05
LinqAll	100	End	Array	535.88 ns	9.518 ns	8.903 ns	534.57 ns	1.08	0.02	1928 B	1.03
LinqDistinct	100	End	Array	514.97 ns	9.633 ns	9.461 ns	512.04 ns	1.03	0.02	1928 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	End	Array	2,474.43 ns	41.298 ns	36.610 ns	2,481.73 ns	4.96	0.08	10976 B	5.89
ToHashSet	100	End	Array	513.28 ns	9.078 ns	10.455 ns	510.85 ns	1.03	0.02	1864 B	1.00
Foreach	100	End	Enumerable	1,282.55 ns	25.276 ns	27.045 ns	1,276.39 ns	1.00	0.00	6112 B	1.00
LinqAny	100	End	Enumerable	1,332.67 ns	17.776 ns	16.628 ns	1,334.75 ns	1.04	0.02	6200 B	1.01
LinqAll	100	End	Enumerable	1,228.58 ns	24.457 ns	28.164 ns	1,222.28 ns	0.96	0.03	6176 B	1.01
LinqDistinct	100	End	Enumerable	1,588.08 ns	30.178 ns	28.229 ns	1,588.76 ns	1.23	0.02	6288 B	1.03
LinqGroupBy	100	End	Enumerable	2,787.90 ns	47.981 ns	44.881 ns	2,779.52 ns	2.17	0.05	11056 B	1.81
ToHashSet	100	End	Enumerable	1,581.83 ns	16.809 ns	15.723 ns	1,582.29 ns	1.23	0.03	6224 B	1.02
Foreach	1000	None	Array	4,695.82 ns	71.926 ns	63.761 ns	4,713.15 ns	1.00	0.00	17800 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	None	Array	5,900.21 ns	44.162 ns	41.309 ns	5,897.83 ns	1.26	0.02	17888 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	None	Array	5,070.21 ns	63.098 ns	55.935 ns	5,086.93 ns	1.08	0.01	17864 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	None	Array	4,734.70 ns	77.549 ns	72.540 ns	4,723.59 ns	1.01	0.02	17864 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	None	Array	23,379.78 ns	247.116 ns	219.062 ns	23,452.48 ns	4.98	0.08	104616 B	5.88
ToHashSet	1000	None	Array	4,668.11 ns	90.684 ns	111.368 ns	4,681.69 ns	0.99	0.02	17800 B	1.00
Foreach	1000	None	Enumerable	10,369.32 ns	123.794 ns	115.797 ns	10,372.60 ns	1.00	0.00	58776 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	None	Enumerable	11,117.63 ns	143.456 ns	134.189 ns	11,168.39 ns	1.07	0.01	58864 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	None	Enumerable	10,363.67 ns	157.114 ns	146.965 ns	10,348.99 ns	1.00	0.02	58840 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	None	Enumerable	13,552.33 ns	199.926 ns	166.947 ns	13,580.69 ns	1.31	0.02	58952 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	None	Enumerable	24,873.57 ns	395.700 ns	370.138 ns	24,767.11 ns	2.40	0.04	104696 B	1.78
ToHashSet	1000	None	Enumerable	13,171.53 ns	135.057 ns	126.332 ns	13,141.87 ns	1.27	0.02	58888 B	1.00
Foreach	1000	Beginning	Array	521.27 ns	6.899 ns	6.453 ns	521.15 ns	1.00	0.00	17800 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	Beginning	Array	530.60 ns	8.946 ns	8.368 ns	531.77 ns	1.02	0.01	17888 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	Beginning	Array	530.03 ns	10.094 ns	9.442 ns	529.91 ns	1.02	0.02	17864 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	Beginning	Array	4,638.04 ns	20.007 ns	16.707 ns	4,646.49 ns	8.90	0.12	17864 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	Beginning	Array	17,444.32 ns	174.822 ns	163.528 ns	17,407.64 ns	33.47	0.43	104560 B	5.87
ToHashSet	1000	Beginning	Array	4,632.13 ns	38.545 ns	32.187 ns	4,639.58 ns	8.89	0.12	17800 B	1.00
Foreach	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	41.51 ns	0.762 ns	0.712 ns	41.73 ns	1.00	0.00	280 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	47.99 ns	0.945 ns	0.928 ns	48.00 ns	1.16	0.03	368 B	1.31
LinqAll	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	46.41 ns	0.446 ns	0.395 ns	46.44 ns	1.12	0.03	344 B	1.23
LinqDistinct	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	13,578.13 ns	106.116 ns	99.261 ns	13,565.01 ns	327.17	4.39	58952 B	210.54
LinqGroupBy	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	19,639.96 ns	223.485 ns	209.048 ns	19,635.02 ns	473.31	11.39	104640 B	373.71
ToHashSet	1000	Beginning	Enumerable	14,183.79 ns	212.563 ns	188.432 ns	14,244.92 ns	341.93	5.84	58888 B	210.31
Foreach	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	2,639.49 ns	52.208 ns	106.648 ns	2,644.74 ns	1.00	0.00	17800 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	2,871.67 ns	37.329 ns	33.091 ns	2,871.95 ns	1.11	0.07	17888 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	2,509.79 ns	41.744 ns	39.047 ns	2,498.08 ns	0.97	0.06	17864 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	5,078.23 ns	110.681 ns	322.860 ns	4,944.50 ns	2.01	0.14	17864 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	20,094.32 ns	206.098 ns	192.784 ns	20,043.43 ns	7.76	0.38	104560 B	5.87
ToHashSet	1000	FortyOnePercent	Array	4,760.18 ns	54.574 ns	51.049 ns	4,749.52 ns	1.84	0.11	17800 B	1.00
Foreach	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	3,739.15 ns	38.894 ns	36.381 ns	3,742.16 ns	1.00	0.00	13064 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	4,058.53 ns	41.469 ns	38.790 ns	4,045.93 ns	1.09	0.02	13152 B	1.01
LinqAll	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	3,768.74 ns	32.094 ns	30.021 ns	3,765.82 ns	1.01	0.01	13128 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	13,799.60 ns	133.805 ns	125.161 ns	13,800.78 ns	3.69	0.06	58952 B	4.51
LinqGroupBy	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	21,069.78 ns	184.656 ns	172.728 ns	21,103.02 ns	5.64	0.08	104640 B	8.01
ToHashSet	1000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	13,530.68 ns	72.890 ns	68.181 ns	13,523.89 ns	3.62	0.03	58888 B	4.51
Foreach	1000	End	Array	4,671.53 ns	57.754 ns	51.197 ns	4,673.27 ns	1.00	0.00	17800 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	End	Array	5,996.29 ns	76.885 ns	71.919 ns	6,003.00 ns	1.28	0.02	17888 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	End	Array	5,104.82 ns	75.458 ns	70.584 ns	5,095.29 ns	1.09	0.02	17864 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	End	Array	4,685.45 ns	89.351 ns	95.605 ns	4,674.33 ns	1.00	0.02	17864 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	End	Array	23,665.84 ns	329.299 ns	308.027 ns	23,651.97 ns	5.07	0.08	104560 B	5.87
ToHashSet	1000	End	Array	4,738.79 ns	51.363 ns	48.045 ns	4,736.95 ns	1.01	0.02	17800 B	1.00
Foreach	1000	End	Enumerable	10,395.77 ns	120.868 ns	113.060 ns	10,385.32 ns	1.00	0.00	58776 B	1.00
LinqAny	1000	End	Enumerable	11,207.78 ns	147.704 ns	130.936 ns	11,205.08 ns	1.08	0.01	58864 B	1.00
LinqAll	1000	End	Enumerable	10,450.92 ns	168.406 ns	157.527 ns	10,453.84 ns	1.01	0.02	58840 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	1000	End	Enumerable	13,662.70 ns	151.984 ns	142.166 ns	13,634.60 ns	1.31	0.02	58952 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	1000	End	Enumerable	24,826.40 ns	129.864 ns	115.121 ns	24,819.26 ns	2.39	0.03	104640 B	1.78
ToHashSet	1000	End	Enumerable	13,672.79 ns	87.873 ns	82.196 ns	13,679.70 ns	1.32	0.01	58888 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	None	Array	69,390.25 ns	656.529 ns	614.118 ns	69,438.68 ns	1.00	0.00	161813 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	None	Array	80,424.97 ns	851.736 ns	711.238 ns	80,545.40 ns	1.16	0.01	161901 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	None	Array	73,589.33 ns	1,130.815 ns	1,057.765 ns	73,731.71 ns	1.06	0.02	161877 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	None	Array	71,028.81 ns	829.147 ns	775.584 ns	71,029.02 ns	1.02	0.01	161877 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	None	Array	565,841.67 ns	11,291.415 ns	22,550.175 ns	557,524.61 ns	8.29	0.41	1142454 B	7.06
ToHashSet	10000	None	Array	72,665.45 ns	757.276 ns	708.357 ns	72,711.22 ns	1.05	0.01	161813 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	None	Enumerable	145,382.52 ns	1,077.163 ns	1,007.579 ns	145,194.97 ns	1.00	0.00	538768 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	None	Enumerable	152,204.07 ns	1,865.139 ns	1,744.652 ns	152,304.44 ns	1.05	0.01	538856 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	None	Enumerable	146,130.62 ns	1,444.017 ns	1,280.084 ns	146,274.48 ns	1.00	0.01	538832 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	None	Enumerable	177,543.27 ns	2,483.727 ns	2,323.280 ns	177,703.15 ns	1.22	0.02	538944 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	None	Enumerable	578,089.15 ns	10,332.773 ns	10,148.164 ns	574,785.84 ns	3.98	0.08	1142534 B	2.12
ToHashSet	10000	None	Enumerable	176,401.25 ns	1,596.310 ns	1,493.189 ns	176,638.67 ns	1.21	0.01	538880 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	Beginning	Array	5,911.94 ns	67.344 ns	62.993 ns	5,911.37 ns	1.00	0.00	161813 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	Beginning	Array	5,944.57 ns	70.752 ns	66.182 ns	5,957.92 ns	1.01	0.01	161901 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	Beginning	Array	5,961.54 ns	81.933 ns	76.640 ns	5,978.02 ns	1.01	0.01	161877 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	Beginning	Array	70,611.90 ns	1,139.780 ns	1,066.151 ns	70,673.90 ns	11.95	0.22	161877 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	Beginning	Array	536,250.27 ns	10,577.696 ns	19,867.477 ns	539,511.47 ns	91.32	3.41	1142398 B	7.06
ToHashSet	10000	Beginning	Array	71,104.55 ns	462.128 ns	432.274 ns	71,082.69 ns	12.03	0.16	161813 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	41.70 ns	0.336 ns	0.315 ns	41.73 ns	1.00	0.00	280 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	48.77 ns	0.364 ns	0.323 ns	48.76 ns	1.17	0.01	368 B	1.31
LinqAll	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	46.39 ns	0.422 ns	0.374 ns	46.32 ns	1.11	0.01	344 B	1.23
LinqDistinct	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	173,348.45 ns	1,639.076 ns	1,533.193 ns	173,348.83 ns	4,156.89	43.39	538944 B	1,924.80
LinqGroupBy	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	516,625.19 ns	9,973.466 ns	9,795.277 ns	515,386.87 ns	12,391.24	291.35	1142478 B	4,080.28
ToHashSet	10000	Beginning	Enumerable	179,468.29 ns	3,498.011 ns	3,888.030 ns	179,204.98 ns	4,322.45	114.36	538880 B	1,924.57
Foreach	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	33,703.80 ns	460.392 ns	430.651 ns	33,657.34 ns	1.00	0.00	161813 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	37,602.12 ns	468.775 ns	415.557 ns	37,451.57 ns	1.11	0.02	161901 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	35,521.96 ns	305.069 ns	254.746 ns	35,584.62 ns	1.05	0.01	161877 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	71,606.63 ns	1,150.281 ns	1,075.973 ns	71,640.28 ns	2.13	0.05	161877 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	548,037.20 ns	10,954.127 ns	21,876.575 ns	548,118.65 ns	16.32	0.77	1142398 B	7.06
ToHashSet	10000	FortyOnePercent	Array	71,015.45 ns	1,150.894 ns	1,076.547 ns	71,230.09 ns	2.11	0.04	161813 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	59,400.63 ns	790.747 ns	700.976 ns	59,405.87 ns	1.00	0.00	258386 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	63,467.14 ns	1,199.230 ns	1,121.761 ns	63,164.76 ns	1.07	0.02	258474 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	59,756.61 ns	793.628 ns	742.360 ns	59,802.70 ns	1.01	0.02	258450 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	175,129.57 ns	2,220.572 ns	2,077.124 ns	174,798.17 ns	2.95	0.05	538944 B	2.09
LinqGroupBy	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	540,895.51 ns	10,404.570 ns	13,158.450 ns	540,236.72 ns	9.12	0.28	1142478 B	4.42
ToHashSet	10000	FortyOnePercent	Enumerable	178,194.95 ns	3,440.222 ns	3,049.667 ns	177,109.66 ns	3.00	0.06	538880 B	2.09
Foreach	10000	End	Array	70,900.92 ns	639.482 ns	566.884 ns	71,098.77 ns	1.00	0.00	161813 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	End	Array	80,729.85 ns	759.182 ns	710.139 ns	80,874.63 ns	1.14	0.01	161901 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	End	Array	73,956.99 ns	1,395.174 ns	1,305.047 ns	74,063.27 ns	1.04	0.02	161877 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	End	Array	71,398.06 ns	1,286.936 ns	1,203.801 ns	71,178.30 ns	1.01	0.02	161877 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	End	Array	588,249.86 ns	11,717.346 ns	17,537.972 ns	587,790.14 ns	8.24	0.26	1142398 B	7.06
ToHashSet	10000	End	Array	70,745.33 ns	716.313 ns	670.039 ns	70,782.15 ns	1.00	0.01	161813 B	1.00
Foreach	10000	End	Enumerable	144,571.47 ns	2,324.323 ns	2,174.173 ns	144,759.16 ns	1.00	0.00	538768 B	1.00
LinqAny	10000	End	Enumerable	150,326.75 ns	2,437.770 ns	2,280.292 ns	150,122.05 ns	1.04	0.02	538856 B	1.00
LinqAll	10000	End	Enumerable	144,987.69 ns	1,858.720 ns	1,738.648 ns	145,466.09 ns	1.00	0.02	538832 B	1.00
LinqDistinct	10000	End	Enumerable	177,692.33 ns	3,300.151 ns	3,086.964 ns	178,458.30 ns	1.23	0.03	538944 B	1.00
LinqGroupBy	10000	End	Enumerable	583,122.53 ns	10,231.521 ns	19,217.276 ns	580,200.44 ns	4.04	0.16	1142478 B	2.12
ToHashSet	10000	End	Enumerable	174,950.47 ns	2,303.043 ns	2,154.268 ns	175,203.49 ns	1.21	0.02	538880 B	1.00

Notes

TryGetNonEnumeratedCount

Calling the constructor overload for HashSet with the collection size can improve performance and memory efficiency by avoiding unnecessary resizing of the collection at runtime. Resizing a collection involves allocating a new array with a larger capacity and copying the existing elements to the new array. This can be costly in terms of time and space.

CA1851: Possible multiple enumerations of IEnumerable collection

To detect a duplicate, we compare the distinct count to the enumerable count, which may cause multiple enumerations of the collection.

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fundamentals/code-analysis/quality-rules/ca1851

Contributors

• @darren-clark
• @GeorgeTsiokos
• @rchoffardet