Antisemitism |
---|
|
Category |
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism.
Antisemitism may be manifested in many ways, ranging from expressions of hatred of or discrimination against individual Jews to organized pogroms by mobs, state police, or even military attacks on entire Jewish communities. Although the term did not come into common usage until the 19th century, it is now also applied to historic anti-Jewish incidents. Notable instances of persecution include the Rhineland massacres preceding the First Crusade in 1096, the Edict of Expulsion from England in 1290, the massacres of Spanish Jews in 1391, the persecutions of the Spanish Inquisition, the expulsion from Spain in 1492, the Cossack massacres in Ukraine from 1648 to 1657, various anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire between 1821 and 1906, the 1894–1906 Dreyfus affair in France, the Holocaust in German-occupied Europe during World War II, Soviet anti-Jewish policies, and Arab and Muslim involvement in the Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries.
The root word Semite gives the false impression that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic people, e.g., including Arabs and Assyrians. The compound word Antisemitismus ("antisemitism") was first used in print in Germany in 1879[6] as a scientific-sounding term for Judenhass ("Jew-hatred"), and this has been its common use since then.
- A Convenient Hatred: The History of Antisemitism
- A History of Catholic Antisemitism: The Dark Side of the Church
- A Rumor About the Jews: Reflections on Antisemitism and The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion
- Antisemitism: A Historical Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution
- Antisemitism and Islamophobia in Europe
- Anti-Semitism and the Jewish Question
- Antisemitism in America
- Antisemitism: A Very Short Introduction
- Antisemitism: Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present
- Notes on the Role of Antisemitism in Early Christianity
- Antisemitism and Immigration in Western Europe Today - Is there a connection?
- Antisemitism: Its History and Causes
- Anti-Zionism and Antisemitism in the Contemporary World
- Are Racists Crazy? How Prejudice, Racism, and Antisemitism Became Markers of Insanity
- Beyond the Yellow Badge: Anti-Judaism and Antisemitism in Medieval and Early Modern Visual Culture
- Church, nation and race: Catholics and antisemitism in Germany and England, 1918–1945
- Colonialism, Antisemitism, and Germans of Jewish Descent in Imperial Germany
- Deciphering the New Antisemitism
- Denial and Repression of Antisemitism
- Enemies for a Day: Antisemitism and Anti-Jewish Violence in Lithuania under the Tsars
- European Muslim Antisemitism: Why Young Urban Males Say They Don't Like Jews
- Inside the Antisemitic Mind: The Language of Jew-Hatred in Contemporary Germany
- Inventing the Jew
- Jean-Paul Sartre and the Jewish Question
- Jews and Leftist Politics: Judaism, Israel, Antisemitism, and Gender
- Jews, Antisemitism, and the Middle East
- Laboratory for World Destruction: Germans and Jews in Central Europe
- Law, Antisemitism and the Holocaust
- Nationalist Ideology and Anti-Semitism: the Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s
- Old and Dirty Gods: Religion, Antisemitism, and the Origins of Psychoanalysis
- On Antisemitism: Solidarity and the Struggle for Justice
- Peasant Violence and Antisemitism in Early Twentieth-Century Eastern Europe
- Globalizing Race: Antisemitism and Empire in French and European Culture
- Reflections on Anti-Semitism
- Jews, Citizenship, and Antisemitism in French Colonial Algeria, 1870-1943
- Studying the Jew: Scholarly Antisemitism in Nazi Germany
- The Accommodated Jew: English Antisemitism from Bede to Milton
- The Aesthetics Of Hate
- The Frankfurt School, Jewish Lives, and Antisemitism
- The German Right in the Weimar Republic: Studies in the History of German Conservatism, Nationalism, and Antisemitism
- The Holocaust and Antisemitism: A Short History
- The Jew as Legitimation: Jewish-Gentile Relations Beyond Antisemitism and Philosemitism
- The Jews of Moscow, Kiev and Minsk: Identity, Antisemitism, Emigration
- The Politics of Unreason: The Frankfurt School and the Origins of Modern Antisemitism
- The Socialist Response to Antisemitism in Imperial Germany
- The State, the Nation, and the Jews: Liberalism and the Antisemitism Dispute in Bismarck's Germany
- Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
- Jewish Perceptions of Antisemitism
- Antisemitism Historically And Critically Examined
- Antisemitism: A Reference Handbook
- Shylock in Germany: Antisemitism and the German Theatre from The Enlightenment to the Nazis
- The Catholic Church and the Jews Argentina, 1933–1945
- Antisemitism and Xenophobia in Germany after Unification
- Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust