sessions.go

/*
Copyright 2015 Gravitational, Inc.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package web

import (
	"context"
	"crypto/tls"
	"crypto/x509"
	"io"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/gravitational/teleport"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/auth"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/client"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/defaults"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/reversetunnel"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/services"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/session"
	"github.com/gravitational/teleport/lib/utils"

	"github.com/gravitational/trace"
	"github.com/gravitational/ttlmap"
	"github.com/jonboulle/clockwork"
	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"github.com/tstranex/u2f"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh"
	"golang.org/x/crypto/ssh/agent"
)

// SessionContext is a context associated with users'
// web session, it stores connected client that persists
// between requests for example to avoid connecting
// to the auth server on every page hit
type SessionContext struct {
	sync.Mutex
	*log.Entry
	sess      services.WebSession
	user      string
	clt       auth.ClientI
	remoteClt map[string]auth.ClientI
	parent    *sessionCache
	closers   []io.Closer
}

// getTerminal finds and returns an active web terminal for a given session:
func (c *SessionContext) getTerminal(sessionID session.ID) (*TerminalHandler, error) {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()

	for _, closer := range c.closers {
		term, ok := closer.(*TerminalHandler)
		if ok && term.params.SessionID == sessionID {
			return term, nil
		}
	}
	return nil, trace.NotFound("no connected streams")
}

// UpdateSessionTerminal is called when a browser window is resized and
// we need to update PTY on the server side
func (c *SessionContext) UpdateSessionTerminal(
	siteAPI auth.ClientI, namespace string, sessionID session.ID, params session.TerminalParams) error {

	// update the session size on the auth server's side
	err := siteAPI.UpdateSession(session.UpdateRequest{
		ID:             sessionID,
		TerminalParams: &params,
		Namespace:      namespace,
	})
	if err != nil {
		log.Error(err)
	}
	// update the server-side PTY to match the browser window size
	term, err := c.getTerminal(sessionID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Error(err)
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return trace.Wrap(term.resizePTYWindow(params))
}

func (c *SessionContext) AddClosers(closers ...io.Closer) {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()
	c.closers = append(c.closers, closers...)
}

func (c *SessionContext) RemoveCloser(closer io.Closer) {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()
	for i := range c.closers {
		if c.closers[i] == closer {
			c.closers = append(c.closers[:i], c.closers[i+1:]...)
			return
		}
	}
}

func (c *SessionContext) TransferClosers() []io.Closer {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()
	closers := c.closers
	c.closers = nil
	return closers
}

func (c *SessionContext) Invalidate() error {
	return c.parent.InvalidateSession(c)
}

func (c *SessionContext) addRemoteClient(siteName string, remoteClient auth.ClientI) {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()

	c.remoteClt[siteName] = remoteClient
}

func (c *SessionContext) getRemoteClient(siteName string) (auth.ClientI, bool) {
	c.Lock()
	defer c.Unlock()

	remoteClt, ok := c.remoteClt[siteName]
	return remoteClt, ok
}

// GetClient returns the client connected to the auth server
func (c *SessionContext) GetClient() (auth.ClientI, error) {
	return c.clt, nil
}

// GetUserClient will return an auth.ClientI with the role of the user at
// the requested site. If the site is local a client with the users local role
// is returned. If the site is remote a client with the users remote role is
// returned.
func (c *SessionContext) GetUserClient(site reversetunnel.RemoteSite) (auth.ClientI, error) {
	// get the name of the current cluster
	clt, err := c.GetClient()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	cn, err := clt.GetClusterName()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	// if we're trying to access the local cluster, pass back the local client.
	if cn.GetClusterName() == site.GetName() {
		return clt, nil
	}

	// look to see if we already have a connection to this cluster
	remoteClt, ok := c.getRemoteClient(site.GetName())
	if !ok {
		rClt, rConn, err := c.newRemoteClient(site)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}

		// add a closer for the underlying connection
		if rConn != nil {
			c.AddClosers(rConn)
		}

		// we'll save the remote client in our session context so we don't have to
		// build a new connection next time. all remote clients will be closed when
		// the session context is closed.
		c.addRemoteClient(site.GetName(), rClt)

		return rClt, nil
	}

	return remoteClt, nil
}

// newRemoteClient returns a client to a remote cluster with the role of
// the logged in user.
func (c *SessionContext) newRemoteClient(cluster reversetunnel.RemoteSite) (auth.ClientI, net.Conn, error) {
	clt, err := c.tryRemoteTLSClient(cluster)
	if err == nil {
		return clt, nil, nil
	}
	log.Debugf("could not use TLS client to %v, error: %v", cluster.GetName(), err)
	return c.newRemoteTunClient(cluster)
}

// clusterDialer returns DialContext function using cluster's dial function
func clusterDialer(remoteCluster reversetunnel.RemoteSite) auth.DialContext {
	return func(in context.Context, network, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
		return remoteCluster.DialAuthServer()
	}
}

// tryRemoteTLSClient tries creating TLS client and using it (the client may not be available
// due to older clusters), returns client if it is working properly
func (c *SessionContext) tryRemoteTLSClient(cluster reversetunnel.RemoteSite) (auth.ClientI, error) {
	clt, err := c.newRemoteTLSClient(cluster)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	_, err = clt.GetDomainName()
	if err != nil {
		return clt, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return clt, nil
}

// ClientTLSConfig returns client TLS authentication associated
// with the web session context
func (c *SessionContext) ClientTLSConfig(clusterName ...string) (*tls.Config, error) {
	var certPool *x509.CertPool
	if len(clusterName) == 0 {
		certAuthorities, err := c.parent.proxyClient.GetCertAuthorities(services.HostCA, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		certPool, err = services.CertPoolFromCertAuthorities(certAuthorities)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
	} else {
		certAuthority, err := c.parent.proxyClient.GetCertAuthority(services.CertAuthID{
			Type:       services.HostCA,
			DomainName: clusterName[0],
		}, false)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		certPool, err = services.CertPool(certAuthority)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
	}

	tlsConfig := utils.TLSConfig()
	tlsCert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(c.sess.GetTLSCert(), c.sess.GetPriv())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err, "failed to parse TLS cert and key")
	}
	tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{tlsCert}
	tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
	return tlsConfig, nil
}

func (c *SessionContext) newRemoteTLSClient(cluster reversetunnel.RemoteSite) (auth.ClientI, error) {
	tlsConfig, err := c.ClientTLSConfig(cluster.GetName())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return auth.NewTLSClientWithDialer(clusterDialer(cluster), tlsConfig)
}

// newRemoteTunClient returns a client using legacy SSH tunnel authentication to a remote cluster with the role of
// the logged in user
func (c *SessionContext) newRemoteTunClient(site reversetunnel.RemoteSite) (auth.ClientI, net.Conn, error) {
	var err error
	var netConn net.Conn

	sshDialer := func(network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
		// first get a net.Conn (tcp connection) to the remote auth server. no
		// authentication has occurred.
		netConn, err = site.DialAuthServer()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		// get the principal and authMethods we will use to authenticate on the
		// remote cluster from our local cluster
		agent, cert, err := c.GetAgent()
		if err != nil {
			netConn.Close()
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		signers, err := agent.Signers()
		if err != nil {
			netConn.Close()
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		// build a ssh connection to the remote auth server
		config := &ssh.ClientConfig{
			User:    cert.ValidPrincipals[0],
			Auth:    []ssh.AuthMethod{ssh.PublicKeys(signers...)},
			Timeout: defaults.DefaultDialTimeout,
		}
		sshConn, sshChans, sshReqs, err := ssh.NewClientConn(netConn, reversetunnel.RemoteAuthServer, config)
		if err != nil {
			err = netConn.Close()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
			}
			return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
		}
		client := ssh.NewClient(sshConn, sshChans, sshReqs)

		// dial again to the HTTP server
		return client.Dial(network, addr)
	}

	clt, err := auth.NewClient("http://stub:0", sshDialer)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	return clt, netConn, nil
}

// GetUser returns the authenticated teleport user
func (c *SessionContext) GetUser() string {
	return c.user
}

// GetWebSession returns a web session
func (c *SessionContext) GetWebSession() services.WebSession {
	return c.sess
}

// ExtendWebSession creates a new web session for this user
// based on the previous session
func (c *SessionContext) ExtendWebSession() (services.WebSession, error) {
	sess, err := c.clt.ExtendWebSession(c.user, c.sess.GetName())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return sess, nil
}

// GetAgent returns agent that can be used to answer challenges
// for the web to ssh connection as well as certificate
func (c *SessionContext) GetAgent() (agent.Agent, *ssh.Certificate, error) {
	pub, _, _, _, err := ssh.ParseAuthorizedKey(c.sess.GetPub())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	cert, ok := pub.(*ssh.Certificate)
	if !ok {
		return nil, nil, trace.BadParameter("expected certificate, got %T", pub)
	}
	if len(cert.ValidPrincipals) == 0 {
		return nil, nil, trace.BadParameter("expected at least valid principal in certificate")
	}
	privateKey, err := ssh.ParseRawPrivateKey(c.sess.GetPriv())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, trace.Wrap(err, "failed to parse SSH private key")
	}

	keyring := agent.NewKeyring()
	err = keyring.Add(agent.AddedKey{
		PrivateKey:  privateKey,
		Certificate: cert,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return keyring, cert, nil
}

// Close cleans up connections associated with requests
func (c *SessionContext) Close() error {
	closers := c.TransferClosers()
	for _, closer := range closers {
		c.Debugf("Closing %v.", closer)
		closer.Close()
	}
	if c.clt != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(c.clt.Close())
	}
	return nil
}

// newSessionCache returns new instance of the session cache
func newSessionCache(proxyClient auth.ClientI, clusterName string, servers []utils.NetAddr) (*sessionCache, error) {
	m, err := ttlmap.New(1024, ttlmap.CallOnExpire(closeContext))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	cache := &sessionCache{
		clusterName: clusterName,
		proxyClient: proxyClient,
		contexts:    m,
		authServers: servers,
		closer:      utils.NewCloseBroadcaster(),
	}
	// periodically close expired and unused sessions
	go cache.expireSessions()
	return cache, nil
}

// sessionCache handles web session authentication,
// and holds in memory contexts associated with each session
type sessionCache struct {
	sync.Mutex
	proxyClient auth.ClientI
	contexts    *ttlmap.TTLMap
	authServers []utils.NetAddr
	closer      *utils.CloseBroadcaster
	clusterName string
}

// Close closes all allocated resources and stops goroutines
func (s *sessionCache) Close() error {
	log.Infof("[WEB] closing session cache")
	return s.closer.Close()
}

// closeContext is called when session context expires from
// cache and will clean up connections
func closeContext(key string, val interface{}) {
	go func() {
		log.Infof("[WEB] closing context %v", key)
		ctx, ok := val.(*SessionContext)
		if !ok {
			log.Warningf("warning, not valid value type %T", val)
			return
		}
		if err := ctx.Close(); err != nil {
			log.Infof("failed to close context: %v", err)
		}
	}()
}

func (s *sessionCache) expireSessions() {
	ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-ticker.C:
			s.clearExpiredSessions()
		case <-s.closer.C:
			return
		}
	}
}

func (s *sessionCache) clearExpiredSessions() {
	s.Lock()
	defer s.Unlock()
	expired := s.contexts.RemoveExpired(10)
	if expired != 0 {
		log.Infof("[WEB] removed %v expired sessions", expired)
	}
}

func (s *sessionCache) AuthWithOTP(user, pass string, otpToken string) (services.WebSession, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateWebUser(auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
		Username: user,
		OTP: &auth.OTPCreds{
			Password: []byte(pass),
			Token:    otpToken,
		},
	})
}

func (s *sessionCache) AuthWithoutOTP(user, pass string) (services.WebSession, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateWebUser(auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
		Username: user,
		Pass: &auth.PassCreds{
			Password: []byte(pass),
		},
	})
}

func (s *sessionCache) GetU2FSignRequest(user, pass string) (*u2f.SignRequest, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.GetU2FSignRequest(user, []byte(pass))
}

func (s *sessionCache) AuthWithU2FSignResponse(user string, response *u2f.SignResponse) (services.WebSession, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateWebUser(auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
		Username: user,
		U2F: &auth.U2FSignResponseCreds{
			SignResponse: *response,
		},
	})
}

func (s *sessionCache) GetCertificateWithoutOTP(c client.CreateSSHCertReq) (*auth.SSHLoginResponse, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateSSHUser(auth.AuthenticateSSHRequest{
		AuthenticateUserRequest: auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
			Username: c.User,
			Pass: &auth.PassCreds{
				Password: []byte(c.Password),
			},
		},
		PublicKey:         c.PubKey,
		CompatibilityMode: c.Compatibility,
		TTL:               c.TTL,
	})
}

func (s *sessionCache) GetCertificateWithOTP(c client.CreateSSHCertReq) (*auth.SSHLoginResponse, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateSSHUser(auth.AuthenticateSSHRequest{
		AuthenticateUserRequest: auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
			Username: c.User,
			OTP: &auth.OTPCreds{
				Password: []byte(c.Password),
				Token:    c.OTPToken,
			},
		},
		PublicKey:         c.PubKey,
		CompatibilityMode: c.Compatibility,
		TTL:               c.TTL,
	})

}

func (s *sessionCache) GetCertificateWithU2F(c client.CreateSSHCertWithU2FReq) (*auth.SSHLoginResponse, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.AuthenticateSSHUser(auth.AuthenticateSSHRequest{
		AuthenticateUserRequest: auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
			Username: c.User,
			U2F: &auth.U2FSignResponseCreds{
				SignResponse: c.U2FSignResponse,
			},
		},
		PublicKey:         c.PubKey,
		CompatibilityMode: c.Compatibility,
		TTL:               c.TTL,
	})
}

func (s *sessionCache) GetUserInviteInfo(token string) (user string, otpQRCode []byte, err error) {
	return s.proxyClient.GetSignupTokenData(token)
}

func (s *sessionCache) GetUserInviteU2FRegisterRequest(token string) (*u2f.RegisterRequest, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.GetSignupU2FRegisterRequest(token)
}

func (s *sessionCache) CreateNewUser(token, password, otpToken string) (services.WebSession, error) {
	cap, err := s.proxyClient.GetAuthPreference()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	var webSession services.WebSession

	switch cap.GetSecondFactor() {
	case teleport.OFF:
		webSession, err = s.proxyClient.CreateUserWithoutOTP(token, password)
	case teleport.OTP, teleport.TOTP, teleport.HOTP:
		webSession, err = s.proxyClient.CreateUserWithOTP(token, password, otpToken)
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	return webSession, nil
}

func (s *sessionCache) CreateNewU2FUser(token string, password string, u2fRegisterResponse u2f.RegisterResponse) (services.WebSession, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.CreateUserWithU2FToken(token, password, u2fRegisterResponse)
}

func (s *sessionCache) ValidateTrustedCluster(validateRequest *auth.ValidateTrustedClusterRequest) (*auth.ValidateTrustedClusterResponse, error) {
	return s.proxyClient.ValidateTrustedCluster(validateRequest)
}

func (s *sessionCache) InvalidateSession(ctx *SessionContext) error {
	defer ctx.Close()
	if err := s.resetContext(ctx.GetUser(), ctx.GetWebSession().GetName()); err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	clt, err := ctx.GetClient()
	if err != nil {
		return trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	err = clt.DeleteWebSession(ctx.GetUser(), ctx.GetWebSession().GetName())
	return trace.Wrap(err)
}

func (s *sessionCache) getContext(user, sid string) (*SessionContext, error) {
	s.Lock()
	defer s.Unlock()

	val, ok := s.contexts.Get(user + sid)
	if ok {
		return val.(*SessionContext), nil
	}
	return nil, trace.NotFound("sessionContext not found")
}

func (s *sessionCache) insertContext(user, sid string, ctx *SessionContext, ttl time.Duration) (*SessionContext, error) {
	s.Lock()
	defer s.Unlock()

	val, ok := s.contexts.Get(user + sid)
	if ok && val != nil { // nil means that we've just invalidated the context now and set it to nil in the cache
		return val.(*SessionContext), trace.AlreadyExists("exists")
	}
	if err := s.contexts.Set(user+sid, ctx, ttl); err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return ctx, nil
}

func (s *sessionCache) resetContext(user, sid string) error {
	s.Lock()
	defer s.Unlock()
	context, ok := s.contexts.Remove(user + sid)
	if ok {
		closeContext(user+sid, context)
	}
	return nil
}

func (s *sessionCache) ValidateSession(user, sid string) (*SessionContext, error) {
	ctx, err := s.getContext(user, sid)
	if err == nil {
		return ctx, nil
	}

	sess, err := s.proxyClient.AuthenticateWebUser(auth.AuthenticateUserRequest{
		Username: user,
		Session: &auth.SessionCreds{
			ID: sid,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	ca, err := s.proxyClient.GetCertAuthority(services.CertAuthID{
		Type:       services.HostCA,
		DomainName: s.clusterName,
	}, false)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	certPool, err := services.CertPool(ca)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	tlsConfig := utils.TLSConfig()
	tlsCert, err := tls.X509KeyPair(sess.GetTLSCert(), sess.GetPriv())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err, "failed to parse TLS cert and key")
	}
	tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{tlsCert}
	tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool

	userClient, err := auth.NewTLSClient(s.authServers, tlsConfig)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}

	c := &SessionContext{
		clt:       userClient,
		remoteClt: make(map[string]auth.ClientI),
		user:      user,
		sess:      sess,
		parent:    s,
	}
	c.Entry = log.WithFields(log.Fields{
		"user": user,
		"sess": sess.GetShortName(),
	})

	ttl := utils.ToTTL(clockwork.NewRealClock(), sess.GetBearerTokenExpiryTime())
	out, err := s.insertContext(user, sid, c, ttl)
	if err != nil {
		// this means that someone has just inserted the context, so
		// close our extra context and return
		if trace.IsAlreadyExists(err) {
			log.Infof("just created, returning the existing one")
			defer c.Close()
			return out, nil
		}
		return nil, trace.Wrap(err)
	}
	return out, nil
}

func (s *sessionCache) SetSession(w http.ResponseWriter, user, sid string) error {
	d, err := EncodeCookie(user, sid)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	c := &http.Cookie{
		Name:     "session",
		Value:    d,
		Path:     "/",
		HttpOnly: true,
		Secure:   true,
	}
	http.SetCookie(w, c)
	return nil
}

func (s *sessionCache) ClearSession(w http.ResponseWriter) {
	http.SetCookie(w, &http.Cookie{
		Name:     "session",
		Value:    "",
		Path:     "/",
		HttpOnly: true,
		Secure:   true,
	})
}