Add client side checks on material and task IDs

[munrojm]

This PR adds formatting checks to all material_id and task_id values used in both single document and general search queries.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #589 (50aaedc) into main (a4933b5) will increase coverage by 0.01%.
The diff coverage is 87.50%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #589      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.17%   92.18%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          34       35       +1     
  Lines        1380     1395      +15     
==========================================
+ Hits         1272     1286      +14     
- Misses        108      109       +1     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/mp_api/routes/charge_density.py	86.56% <33.33%> (ø)
src/mp_api/routes/xas.py	92.85% <50.00%> (+0.26%)	⬆️
src/mp_api/routes/summary.py	98.11% <75.00%> (+0.03%)	⬆️
src/mp_api/core/utils.py	87.50% <87.50%> (ø)
src/mp_api/core/client.py	91.15% <95.65%> (+0.08%)	⬆️
src/mp_api/client.py	91.66% <100.00%> (ø)
src/mp_api/routes/grain_boundary.py	97.14% <100.00%> (+0.08%)	⬆️
src/mp_api/routes/materials.py	74.57% <100.00%> (ø)
src/mp_api/routes/thermo.py	97.22% <100.00%> (+0.07%)	⬆️

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