Random Forests
Neural Network Classifier
Convolutional Neural Network
Bagged Decision Trees
Decision Trees for Classificaiton
Linear Regression (Lasso + Ridge Penalties)
K-Nearest Neighbors
K-Means Clustering (Lloyd's Algorithm)
K-Means++
Perceptron
Naive Bayes
Logistic Regression
These algorithms are written for educational purposes - optimized industry grade versions of these algorithms can be found in Scikit-Learn, Theano, PyLearn2, Statsmodels, PyMC, Shogon, Gensim, etc.