[qt5-base] patch CVE-2023-43114

[carsten-grimm]

Fix #34164

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

This PR applies the official patch for CVE-2023-43114 from the corresponding security advisory by Qt.

The second vunerability from the security advisory, CVE-2023-4863, needs to be applied to qt5-imageformats, separately.

[carsten-grimm]

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[carsten-grimm]

The pipeline for arm_neon_android fails. From the logs:

2023-09-29T20:21:04.2243168Z WARNING: The resource with name 'AndContainerRegistry' and type 'Microsoft.ContainerRegistry/registries' could not be found in subscription 'CPP_GITHUB (7fcb00fa-a761-49de-8a2f-d67190e62882)'.
2023-09-29T20:21:04.2244029Z Using 'andcontainerregistry.azurecr.io' as the default registry login server.
2023-09-29T20:21:04.2386118Z ERROR: Could not connect to the registry login server 'andcontainerregistry.azurecr.io'. Please verify that the registry exists and the URL 'https://andcontainerregistry.azurecr.io/v2/' is reachable from your environment.
2023-09-29T20:21:04.2387569Z Try running 'az acr check-health -n AndContainerRegistry --yes' to diagnose this issue.
2023-09-29T20:21:04.3655515Z ##[error]Bash exited with code '1'.

I suspect that this is an issue with the pipeline itself.

[dg0yt]

Add an empty commit to trigger CI without invalidating the cache.

git commit --allow-empty -m CI
git push

[BillyONeal]

Thanks!