[glm] fix clang compile

[moritz-h]

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

Current glm release has compiling issues with clang, see upstream issue: g-truc/glm#1269
This backports the already merged upstream solution to the latest release version: g-truc/glm#1286

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the backport!