Adopt xterm.js link provider API

[Tyriar]

Added in xtermjs/xterm.js#2530

This is part of #21125, to add a setting to opt into link detection based on VS Code's shared system. To close out #21125 we would need to make sure it all works and then properly support the local link system (and spaces in paths) done by this:

vscode/src/vs/workbench/contrib/terminal/browser/terminalLinkHandler.ts

Lines 23 to 47 in 718331d

	const pathPrefix = '(\\.\\.?|\\~)';
	const pathSeparatorClause = '\\/';
	// '":; are allowed in paths but they are often separators so ignore them
	// Also disallow \\ to prevent a catastropic backtracking case #24798
	const excludedPathCharactersClause = '[^\\0\\s!$`&*()\\[\\]+\'":;\\\\]';
	/** A regex that matches paths in the form /foo, ~/foo, ./foo, ../foo, foo/bar */
	const unixLocalLinkClause = '((' + pathPrefix + '|(' + excludedPathCharactersClause + ')+)?(' + pathSeparatorClause + '(' + excludedPathCharactersClause + ')+)+)';
	const winDrivePrefix = '[a-zA-Z]:';
	const winPathPrefix = '(' + winDrivePrefix + '|\\.\\.?|\\~)';
	const winPathSeparatorClause = '(\\\\|\\/)';
	const winExcludedPathCharactersClause = '[^\\0<>\\?\\|\\/\\s!$`&*()\\[\\]+\'":;]';
	/** A regex that matches paths in the form c:\foo, ~\foo, .\foo, ..\foo, foo\bar */
	const winLocalLinkClause = '((' + winPathPrefix + '|(' + winExcludedPathCharactersClause + ')+)?(' + winPathSeparatorClause + '(' + winExcludedPathCharactersClause + ')+)+)';
	/** As xterm reads from DOM, space in that case is nonbreaking char ASCII code - 160,
	replacing space with nonBreakningSpace or space ASCII code - 32. */
	const lineAndColumnClause = [
	'((\\S*)", line ((\\d+)( column (\\d+))?))', // "(file path)", line 45 [see #40468]
	'((\\S*)",((\\d+)(:(\\d+))?))', // "(file path)",45 [see #78205]
	'((\\S*) on line ((\\d+)(, column (\\d+))?))', // (file path) on line 8, column 13
	'((\\S*):line ((\\d+)(, column (\\d+))?))', // (file path):line 8, column 13
	'(([^\\s\\(\\)]*)(\\s?[\\(\\[](\\d+)(,\\s?(\\d+))?)[\\)\\]])', // (file path)(45), (file path) (45), (file path)(45,18), (file path) (45,18), (file path)(45, 18), (file path) (45, 18), also with []
	'(([^:\\s\\(\\)<>\'\"\\[\\]]*)(:(\\d+))?(:(\\d+))?)' // (file path):336, (file path):336:9
	].join('|').replace(/ /g, `[${'\u00A0'} ]`);