MAX can also work with videos. For this purpose it provides a new family of objects called Jitter. You can identify them as their names are starting with jit. .... For an easier learning experience, they have also been packaged into modules, named Vizzie. Both Jitter objects and Vizzie modules are an integral part of MAX, so you can combine them with MAX objects to control everything and MSP or BEAP modules to add sound.
These sessions are designed around the four introductory videos from the Cycling'74 website. Links to the videos can be found in the sections below. In most cases, you can assemble your patch just following the screenshots and instructions. Some of the patches are ready to download from the folder patches in this repository or in compressed format to be copied and pasted into an empty patcher.
Happy Patching!
The session is derived of the video A Brief Introduction to Vizzie
First, we create a simple patch with a video source and some effects. In order to easily access the modules, click v at the left panel of the Patcher window and then find the module by category or type its name in the Search on top.
Follow along sections 1.1 to 1.3 to build your first Vizzie patch. Each step provides a running patch, try it out to make sure that you have patched everything correctly. Further hints on what to look for can be found in the video link above.
- INPUT/
PLAYR- Module allows changing the speed, select a part of the video to be played and set a loop. - OUTPUT/
PROJECTR
You find it also on the left side of the screen.
- EFFECT/
BRCOSRAllows modifying the brightness, contrast and saturation of videos. - EFFECTS/
DELAYR- Delay, apply feedback to the delay and crossfade/mix original and delayed signals.
- GENERATE/ATTRACTR
This session is taking inspiration from
Follow along sections 2.1 to 2.5 to build more Vizzie patches. Each step provides a running patch, try it out to make sure that you have patched everything correctly. Further hints on what to look for can be found in the video link above.
This patch introduces different signals and ranges/amplitudes for those signals that MAX objects use to communicate between each other. Often they are derived from existing standards in the analogue hardware based world. All values are digitized inside the computer.
As a first orientation, you can always refer to the colouring of the patchcords, each type only allows one particular family of signal to go through.
- MAX patch cords are grey and transfer bangs, integers, floats, and lists.
- MSP (BEAP) patch cords are black-yellow stripped and transfer sound data.
- Jitter (Vizzie) patch cords green-black stripped and transfer video textures or matrices.
In the menu under Debug you can activate/deactivate probes (Event, Signal and Matrix) that allow you to see the data inside the patch cords by hovering over them.
When using objects, always make sure that they understand the type of data you want to patch them to. Furthermore, even within one family of patch cords, you need to assure that the range of values matches the expectations of the receiving object. Here is a short summary for the ranges expected for various types of data:
- Vizzie Data - Floating Point Numbers between 0.0V .. 1.0V
- Audio Signals (MSP) -1.0 .. 1.0
- BEAP “Control Voltage” CV -5V .. 5V, used for analogue modular synthesizers
- Ramp (special signal here: 0V .. 5V)
The following lists allow you to rebuild the patches in order. Each step is a running patch, try it out to make sure that you have patched everything correctly. Further hints on what to look for can be found in the video.
- INPUT/
PLAYR - TRANSFORM/
PIXL8R - OUTPUT/
VIEWR - CONTROL/
FADR
- In BEAP get LFO/
CV LFO - Enable Audio with the ON button on the lower right of the patch window.
- In Vizzie get UTILITY/
BEAPCONVERTR - Set in the converter the range to 0..5V.
- Add audio player
nplaylist~ - add new object
nlive.gain~ - add new object
nezdac~ - Change range of
BEAPCONVERTRto -1V to 1V (audio signal range).
- Reconnect the CV LFO from step 2
- GENERATE/
ATTRACTR - UTILITY/
VIZZIECONVERTR
The image shows (red arrow) what you see with an activated Signal Probe when you hover with the mouse over the signal patch cord, assuming you play audio.
Compressed Copy
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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------
Copy and past the Compressed Copy File to a new patcher. This patch contains two parts.
First, change the three sliders and see what happens. Try to create different colours and see how the values in the three boxes displaying the RGB values change, depending on your choice.
Next, reset the sliders to zero by clicking on the button and connect one of the three outlets of ANALYSR to one of the three inlets of PRIMR. Pay attention to the labels of both modules when patching. Predict what will happen when you are choosing different scenarios to patch the two modules.
The slider and scale objects at the right are used to select colour content. While the slider provides integers in the range of 0 to 127 (typical for MAX objects), the inlets of the PRIMR object require a signal in the range between 0.0 and 1.0. The scale object is doing the transformation.
The three sliders allow synthesizing (mix) the three colour components red, green and blue to get whatever colour you like to get. The result can be seen on VIEWR if there is no signal coming from the ANALYSR module. Reset the sliders and the PRIMR module by banging the button before starting to change the values of the sliders.
The ANALYSR module is extracting / analysing the red, green and blue components of the video and giving values between 0.0 (no colour) to 1.0 (fat red/green/blue) . The number stream coming from its outlets, one for each colour, can be fed into the PRIMR module.
The MAX Documentation has a Tutorial about ARGB Colours (Alpha or Intensity, Red, Green, Blue). Check it out if you want to know more about the subject.
Attention: When you have connected the ANALYSR module to the PRIMR, it will immediately overwrite the settings of the sliders.
2.3. Recombinant Patching
Some Vizzie effects are only available as Abstractions (separate patches), they look like normal objects and are not shown on the Vizzie menu. They are implemented as ordinary objects, and are accessible by creating an object placeholder with n and then entering their name. You recognize them by the prefix vz.. Each of these effects has a Control Panel that can be opened by double-clicking on the object.
These Vizzie abstractions are also helpful, if you want to use many effects with fixed values and only control whether you apply them or not. For that purpose, you can use the PATCHROUTR module.
The patch 221206_Vid4.maxpatcan be found in the repository. You can also copy and paste the compressed file from below into an empty new patcher.
Compressed Copy
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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------
This is an example for such an abstraction.
MAX will show you available options once you have typed vz. into an object placeholder.
The video shows you how to get these abstractions and use a matrix PATCHROUTR to define a chain of abstractions, one executed after the other, in an order you describe.
The router is arranged in the form of a 5x5 matrix, it determines the daisy chaining of your effect modules. First, you determine the input signal with the row, then you determine the output signal with the column. Select the check box at the intersection of both to route the video signal accordingly.
Here are two examples.
The first example connects the input and output directly, there are no effects applied. The cell at the junction of IN line and OUT line is selected.
The second example includes one effect. First, the signal is routed from Video In to 4, then from 4 to Video Output. The process of finding the correct cell is similar to identifying (x,y) coordinates, the first value is where the signal is coming from moving along the x axis, the second value where the signal is going to moving along the y axis.
- INPUT/
PLAYR - CONTROL/
PATCHROUTR - OUTPUT/
VIEWR - The abstractions (Vizzie objects without permanent user interface) are created by making a new object and then typing the name of the abstraction, see explanations above.
- Get more different effects and patch them using the 'PATCHROUTR` module. This website introduces you to 20 different effects with samples and description.
- Record one particular exciting video you have created with your choice of effects.
This project is actually a remix of project 3, we replace the PLAYR module by the GRABBR module. This object gets a feed from your webcam and we add a second video signal from a PLAYR. An effect (Kaleidoscope) is applied to the signal from the player. We are using a fader (CONTROL/FADR) to mix the two video signals. You can preview the signal “live” on a VIEWR module, record it with the RECORDR module.
Before you start, find some free to use photo and video clips. You may have a look at Pexels, this website offers free to use photos and videos. Whenever you have a choice, download the media files with a smaller resolution. Then save your media files in a folder on your desktop for easier access, maybe in a subfolder to your MAX patches collection.
This project takes inspiration from SMC Video Synthesis Workshop 3/4: Intro to Vizzie in Max/MSP
Use other effects, maybe try again the PATCHROUTR to generate your own unique video. Here is the starter code as a Compressed Copy
Compressed Copy
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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------
Jitter operates with matrices. They can be of many dimensions (Ex. x, y), number of planes (Ex. 4,ARGB) or data type (Ex. char -> 0..255). The object declaration of a matrix we can use for a colour video with ARGB values, 320 x 240 pixels is as follows:
jit.matrix 4 char 320 240
Here, we have
- four planes (three of them containing the RGB colour coding, the forth a parameter called alpha value determining the transparency or opacity of the colour)
- char is a data type using whole numbers in the range from 0 to 255 (8bit, 1 Byte)
- 320 x 240 is the number of pixels horizontally x vertically being used.
The attached basic patch contains a colour random generator and a black and white pixel controller that allow you to explore Jitter. You can change each element of the matrix by addressing it with its index, (0,0) is the first element on the left of the first line. You need to bang the patch for changes to become effective. It is important to The patch is also available as Compressed Copy below.
Compressed Copy
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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------
In this session I encourage you to try out the examples of previous sessions, have a look at the documentation and get a better grip on Jitter, MSP and MAX.
The best way to explore is to check out the tutorials inside MAX. You can access them by first clicking on the File Browser icon on the left side of the MAX window and then click on the 74 item.
There are tutorials for may different topics covering Jitter. There is a basic series to give an overview called Video and Graphic, the Tutorial series covers more details.
Each tutorial comes with patches to try out the features explained. After opening a tutorial, click on the Open Tutorial button on the top left, this will open the patch.
The MAX Cookbook is a further source of easy and more complex sample patches that you can try out to better understand how Jitter works.
Chromakeying allows to set a delimited object coming from one video source to be set in front of another video source. In order for the algorithm to work, the object has be be placed in front of a uniform green or blue background. These two colours are preferential as the object (in this example the profile of a head) do not contain these colours, therefore the Chromakeying object can just identify all pixels of this colour and replace them with the pixel from the second video source having the same coordinates.
We use two videos, they are loaded by clicking on the messages read oh.mov and read traffiic.mov. The Start/Stop toggle starts the patch, the start and stop messages allow you to pause and resume the videos.
The patch also allows to play the audio tracks of the media files using the jit.movie object, the volume is adjusted by the attribute vol, it having a non-zero value will play the sound. If you do not hear the audio, check in Options/Audio Status.
The loadbang object at the right will initialize the available attributes with suitable values. If you have messed up the attribute values, you can always come back here to find the original settings.
There are four attributes that determine the quality of the keying: tol, fade, minkey, and maxkey.
Before you start using these attributes, set the key colour by clicking on it using the left window (i.e. the blue background).
tol determines a variance around the chosen colour to be used for the keying in %, expressed as a floatnum in the range of 0.0 to 1.0. Changing the value of the fade attribute will allow you to determine what happens at the border between your chosen image (i.e. face) and the background image (video 2). The maxkey attribute sets the strength of the righthand matrix in the output, while the minkey attribute sets the strength of the lefthand matrix. The values have a range between 0.0 and 1.0..
For further details, please check the tutorial about Chromakeying on the MAX Documentation gives you more details on the patch.
The jit.lcd object allows to make simple 2D drawings, similar to what the turtle graphics library was doing in Python.
A good approach to learn about this object is opening the Search Bar at the right side of the MAX window and then click on jit.lcd to open the help file. Next, save that patch with Save As ... at a location of your choice with a name of your choice.
Please note that the help patch (andi its copy) also have Tabs at the top, the Tab more shapes contains interesting messages.
Drawing takes place by sending messages to the jit.lcd object. You get the full list of available messages by unlocking your patch, clicking on the jit.lcd object and then clicking on the right side of the MAX window on rhe Reference icon (red circled).
The messages normally contain either or both of location in (x,y) format and colour (RGB coded, range 0..255). Please bear in mind that the coordinate system starts with (0,0) at the top left corner, x values get bigger towards the right side of the panel, y values get bigger towards the bottom of the panel.
As an example, look at
framerect 40 80 80 120 draws a rectangle with the top left corner at coordinates (40, 80) and lower right coordinate at (80, 120). All this is and more is explained in the documentation.
Some objects (i.e. paintrect 60 60 190 190 204 0 0 contain three more arguments, they represent the colour of the object, RGB coded).
Some messages (frgb, brgb, pensize, ...) set default value that will be used until they are changed.
The below code may help you to change arguments quicker, it takes the values of four integer boxes, packs them into a list. When you change the value of the leftmost box, the values will be send to the jit.lcd object and the image will be updated with the new values. You can easily extend it to hold 7 values by adding more 0 values.
Beside the basic shapes (frameoval and paintoval) you also need a message to draw the mouth, have a look for framearc, you find an example in the help section under the Tab more shapes The message also includes two arguments that control the arc. The first argument is the angle to the starting position of the arc, 0 degree is at 12 o'clock, angles increase clockwise. The second argument is the length of the arc section in degree.
- MAX Documentation on jit.lcd
- Soundand.Design - Jitter basic lines shapes typography
- Jit.lcd - Max MSP Tutorial - Intro to Jitter by Andrew Robinson, YouTube
All works (books, music, videos) are protected by law, and another person can only use it if agreed by the creator of said work. When you buy a book, you typically find some limitations on what you can do with it at its beginning. If there is no reference to any rights, the work may still be protected by copyright laws, so you need to get the approval if you want to use it.
Works in the Public Domain can be used by whomever as they like. Many of the classics (Shakespeare) are in the Public Domain. Here you find more about it.
Under the Creative Commons License, the creator keeps the rights (control) on his work, but makes it easier for others to use his work without the need to get directly in touch with him/her. There are different types of sublicenses under this licensing system. The simplest license is a CC-BY license where the person using someone elses work only has to mention/credit/appreciate the original creator of the work. It is important that the creator publishes the proper license he/she wants to grant to others.
This is no right/license to use for a work by itself. Many countries allow the use of copyrighted work in very restricted ways for educational purposes, that's called Fair Use. This document describes the situation in Hong Kong (2007). Q3 tries to describe the limits of a Fair Use, copyrighted materials cannot be used for commercial purposes, furthermore, it should be clearly restricted in its quality and quantity to be used for education only.
When you search images on Google, enter your search terms, select Images and then click on Tools, select
Usage Rights.
When on Youtube, enter your search terms, open the Filters section and find the licence link. This video by the Langara Library CC-BY shows you how to find content under the Creative Commons license in more detail.
When on Vimeo, enter your search terms, open the Filters section and find the licence link. This video by the Langara Library CC-BY shows you how to find content under the Creative Commons licence in more detail.
Some patches here are provided as Compressed Copy. Just open a new patcher on MAX, then click on the Copy icon at the left top of the panel. Then, when your mouse hovers over your empty patch, right-click your mouse and Paste the content on your patch. After a short while, the patch will become visible. The first thing to do may be saving it, then start to remix it. Please note that the patch only contains the code, you will need to add the media files by yourself.