bpo-44322: Document more SyntaxError details. (pythonGH-26562)

1. SyntaxError args have a tuple of other attributes.
2. Attributes are adjusted for errors in f-string field expressions.
3. Compile() can raise SyntaxErrors.
(cherry picked from commit 67dfa6f)

Co-authored-by: Terry Jan Reedy <tjreedy@udel.edu>

Doc/library/exceptions.rst

@@ -409,14 +409,16 @@ The following exceptions are the exceptions that are usually raised.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
-.. exception:: SyntaxError
+.. exception:: SyntaxError(message, details)
 
    Raised when the parser encounters a syntax error.  This may occur in an
-   :keyword:`import` statement, in a call to the built-in functions :func:`exec`
+   :keyword:`import` statement, in a call to the built-in functions
+   :func:`compile`, :func:`exec`,
    or :func:`eval`, or when reading the initial script or standard input
    (also interactively).
 
    The :func:`str` of the exception instance returns only the error message.
+   Details is a tuple whose members are also available as separate attributes.
 
    .. attribute:: filename
 
@@ -446,6 +448,11 @@ The following exceptions are the exceptions that are usually raised.
       The column in the end line where the error occurred finishes. This is
       1-indexed: the first character in the line has an ``offset`` of 1.
 
+   For errors in f-string fields, the message is prefixed by "f-string: "
+   and the offsets are offsets in a text constructed from the replacement
+   expression.  For example, compiling f'Bad {a b} field' results in this
+   args attribute: ('f-string: ...', ('', 1, 2, '(a b)\n', 1, 5)).
+
    .. versionchanged:: 3.10
       Added the :attr:`end_lineno` and :attr:`end_offset` attributes.
 

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Documentation/2021-06-06-14-12-00.bpo-44322.K0PHfE.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Document that SyntaxError args have a details tuple and that details are
+adjusted for errors in f-string field replacement expressions.