Reformat C++ codes with clang-format and introduce C++ linting via GitHub actions

[TaekyungHeo]

Summary

Implemented clang-format-11 for standardizing the C++ code formatting. This pull request includes the application of clang-format-11 to the existing codebase and the addition of a GitHub Action workflow to ensure ongoing code format consistency.

Test Plan

$ git clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:astra-sim/astra-sim.git
$ cd ./astra-sim/
$ docker build -t astra-sim .
$ docker run -it astra-sim
$ cd ./extern/graph_frontend/chakra
$ pip3 install .
$ python3 -m chakra.et_generator.et_generator --num_npus 64 --num_dims 1
$ cd -
$ ./build/astra_analytical/build.sh
$ ./build/astra_analytical/build/bin/AstraSim_Analytical_Congestion_Unaware \
  --workload-configuration=./extern/graph_frontend/chakra/one_comm_coll_node_allreduce \
  --system-configuration=./inputs/system/Switch.json \
  --network-configuration=./inputs/network/analytical/Switch.yml \
  --remote-memory-configuration=./inputs/remote_memory/analytical/no_memory_expansion.json
ring of node 0, id: 0 dimension: local total nodes in ring: 64 index in ring: 0 offset: 1total nodes in ring: 64
ring of node 0, id: 0 dimension: local total nodes in ring: 64 index in ring: 0 offset: 1total nodes in ring: 64
ring of node 0, id: 0 dimension: local total nodes in ring: 64 index in ring: 0 offset: 1total nodes in ring: 64
ring of node 0, id: 0 dimension: local total nodes in ring: 64 index in ring: 0 offset: 1total nodes in ring: 64
sys[0] finished, 39582 cycles
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[github-actions]

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[srinivas212]

lgtm.