A study of global economic indicators, focusing on G8 countries with the inclusion of Australia and the OECD as a whole.
This investigation analysed a range of key global economic indicators, including:
* Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The total monetary or market value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country’s borders in a specific time period.
* Inflation (CPI)
The decline of purchasing power of a given currency over time.
* General Government Deficit
The total monetary expenditure/revenue of a country's central bank over time.
* Financial Corporations Debt-to-Equity
The measure of a corporation's financial leverage, and shows to which degree companies finance their activities with equity or with debt.
* Household Debt
The total liabilities of households (including non-profit institutions serving households) that require payments of interest or principal by households to the creditors at a fixed dates in the future.
* Composite Leading Indicator (CLI)
Designed to provide early signals of turning points in business cycles showing fluctuation of the economic activity around its long term potential level.
* Business Confidence Index (BCI)
Provides information on future developments, based upon opinion surveys on developments in production, orders and stocks of finished goods in the industry sector.
* Banking Sector Leverage (BSL)/Equity Multiplier Ratio (EMR)
Presents the ratio between selected financial assets of the banking sector and their total equity; it is also known as the equity multiplier ratio (or financial leverage).
* Exchange Rates
The value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone.
* Short-term Interest Rates
The rate at which short-term borrowings are effected between financial institutions or the rate at which short-term government paper is issued or traded in the market.
* Long-term Interest Rates
The rate at which long-term borrowings are effected between financial institutions or the rate at which long-term government paper is issued or traded in the market.
* Consumer Confidence Index (CCI)
Provides an indication of future developments of households’ consumption and saving, based upon answers regarding their expected financial situation, their sentiment about the general economic situation, unemployment and capability of savings.
* Household Disposable Income
Income available to households such as wages and salaries, income from self-employment and unincorporated enterprises, income from pensions and other social benefits, and income from financial investments (less any payments of tax, social insurance contributions and interest on financial liabilities).
* Unemployment Rate
The percentage of people in the labour force who are unemployed.
* Part-time Employment Rate
Defined as people in employment (whether employees or self-employed) who usually work less than 30 hours per week in their main job.
- Business Confidence over Consumer Confidence (Australia)
- Inflation (CPI) over Unemployment (Australia)
- Part-Time Employment over Unemployment (Australia)
The countries investigated included:
- Australia
- Canada
- France
- Germany
- Great Britain
- Italy
- Japan
- OECD
- Russia
- USA
- 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2015–2020 Brexit
- 2010–2014 European Debt Crisis
- 2008 Global Financial Crisis
- 1990 Recession
- 1987 'Black Friday' Stock Market Crash
- 1973 Oil Crisis and Stock Market Crash
The following figure outlines Australia's GDP performance over the period of 1970–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines GDP performances for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Inflation (CPI) performance over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Inflation (CPI) performances for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's General Government Deficit over the period of 1970–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines General Government Deficits for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Financial Corporations Debt-to-Equity over the period of 1970–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Financial Corporations Debt-to-Equity for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Household Debt over the period of 1995–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Household Debt for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Composite Leading Indicator (CLI) over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Composite Leading Indicator for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Business Confidence over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Business Confidence for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Banking Sector Leverage/Equity Multiplier Ratio over the period of 1970–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Banking Sector Leverage/Equity Multiplier Ratio for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Exchange Rate (compared to USD) over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Exchange Rates for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Short-term Interest Rate over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Short-term Interest Rates for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Long-term Interest Rate over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Long-term Interest Rates for each country over the same period.
The following figure compares Australia's Short-term Interest Rate with Long-term Interest Rate over the same time period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Consumer Confidence over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Consumer Confidence for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Household Disposable Income over the period of 2008–2020, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Household Disposable Income for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Unemployment rate over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Unemployment rates for each country over the same period.
The following figure outlines Australia's Part-Time Employment rate over the period of 2001–2019, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure outlines Part-Time Employment rates for each country over the period of 1976–2020.
The following figure compares Australia's Business Confidence Index with Consumer Confidence over the period of 1975–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure compares Australia's Inflation (CPI) rate with Unemployment over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
The following figure compares Australia's Part-Time Employment rate with Unemployment over the period of 1970–2022, with significant global economic events highlighted for reference.
Data OECD, 2022, Banking Sector Leverage, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/corporate/banking-sector-leverage.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Business Confidence Index, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/leadind/business-confidence-index-bci.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Composite Leading Indicator, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/leadind/composite-leading-indicator-cli.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Consumer Confidence Index, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/leadind/consumer-confidence-index-cci.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Exchange Rates, data, https://data.oecd.org/interest/exchange_rates.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Financial Corporations Debt-to-Equity, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/corporate/financial-corporations-debt-to-equity-ratio.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Household Debt, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-debt.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Household Disposable Income, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/hha/household-disposable-income.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Long-term Interest Rate, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/interest/long-term-interest-rates.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Part-Time Employment Rate, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/emp/part-time-employment-rate.htm
Data OECD, 2022, Short-term Interest Rate, data and definition, https://data.oecd.org/interest/short-term-interest-rates.htm
Investopedia, 2022, Budget Deficit definition, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/budget-deficit.asp
Investopedia, 2022, Exchange Rate definition, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/exchangerate.asp
Investopedia, 2022, GDP, data and definition, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gdp.asp
Investopedia, 2022, Inflation, data and definition, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/inflation.asp
RBA, 2022, Unemployment definition, https://www.rba.gov.au/education/resources/explainers/unemployment-its-measurement-and-types.html