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mochiweb_cookies.erl
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mochiweb_cookies.erl
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%% @author Emad El-Haraty <emad@mochimedia.com>
%% @copyright 2007 Mochi Media, Inc.
%% @doc HTTP Cookie parsing and generating (RFC 2109, RFC 2965).
-module(mochiweb_cookies).
-export([parse_cookie/1, cookie/3, cookie/2, test/0]).
-define(QUOTE, $\").
-define(IS_WHITESPACE(C),
(C =:= $\s orelse C =:= $\t orelse C =:= $\r orelse C =:= $\n)).
%% RFC 2616 separators (called tspecials in RFC 2068)
-define(IS_SEPARATOR(C),
(C < 32 orelse
C =:= $\s orelse C =:= $\t orelse
C =:= $( orelse C =:= $) orelse C =:= $< orelse C =:= $> orelse
C =:= $@ orelse C =:= $, orelse C =:= $; orelse C =:= $: orelse
C =:= $\\ orelse C =:= $\" orelse C =:= $/ orelse
C =:= $[ orelse C =:= $] orelse C =:= $? orelse C =:= $= orelse
C =:= ${ orelse C =:= $})).
%% @type proplist() = [{Key::string(), Value::string()}].
%% @type header() = {Name::string(), Value::string()}.
%% @spec cookie(Key::string(), Value::string()) -> header()
%% @doc Short-hand for <code>cookie(Key, Value, [])</code>.
cookie(Key, Value) ->
cookie(Key, Value, []).
%% @spec cookie(Key::string(), Value::string(), Options::[Option]) -> header()
%% where Option = {max_age, integer()} | {local_time, {date(), time()}}
%% | {domain, string()} | {path, string()}
%% | {secure, true | false}
%%
%% @doc Generate a Set-Cookie header field tuple.
cookie(Key, Value, Options) ->
Cookie = [any_to_list(Key), "=", quote(Value), "; Version=1"],
%% Set-Cookie:
%% Comment, Domain, Max-Age, Path, Secure, Version
%% Set-Cookie2:
%% Comment, CommentURL, Discard, Domain, Max-Age, Path, Port, Secure,
%% Version
ExpiresPart =
case proplists:get_value(max_age, Options) of
undefined ->
"";
RawAge ->
When = case proplists:get_value(local_time, Options) of
undefined ->
calendar:local_time();
LocalTime ->
LocalTime
end,
Age = case RawAge < 0 of
true ->
0;
false ->
RawAge
end,
["; Expires=", age_to_cookie_date(Age, When),
"; Max-Age=", quote(Age)]
end,
SecurePart =
case proplists:get_value(secure, Options) of
true ->
"; Secure";
_ ->
""
end,
DomainPart =
case proplists:get_value(domain, Options) of
undefined ->
"";
Domain ->
["; Domain=", quote(Domain)]
end,
PathPart =
case proplists:get_value(path, Options) of
undefined ->
"";
Path ->
["; Path=", quote(Path)]
end,
CookieParts = [Cookie, ExpiresPart, SecurePart, DomainPart, PathPart],
{"Set-Cookie", lists:flatten(CookieParts)}.
%% Every major browser incorrectly handles quoted strings in a
%% different and (worse) incompatible manner. Instead of wasting time
%% writing redundant code for each browser, we restrict cookies to
%% only contain characters that browsers handle compatibly.
%%
%% By replacing the definition of quote with this, we generate
%% RFC-compliant cookies:
%%
%% quote(V) ->
%% Fun = fun(?QUOTE, Acc) -> [$\\, ?QUOTE | Acc];
%% (Ch, Acc) -> [Ch | Acc]
%% end,
%% [?QUOTE | lists:foldr(Fun, [?QUOTE], V)].
%% Convert to a string and raise an error if quoting is required.
quote(V0) ->
V = any_to_list(V0),
lists:all(fun(Ch) -> Ch =:= $/ orelse not ?IS_SEPARATOR(Ch) end, V)
orelse erlang:error({cookie_quoting_required, V}),
V.
add_seconds(Secs, LocalTime) ->
Greg = calendar:datetime_to_gregorian_seconds(LocalTime),
calendar:gregorian_seconds_to_datetime(Greg + Secs).
age_to_cookie_date(Age, LocalTime) ->
httpd_util:rfc1123_date(add_seconds(Age, LocalTime)).
%% @spec parse_cookie(string()) -> [{K::string(), V::string()}]
%% @doc Parse the contents of a Cookie header field, ignoring cookie
%% attributes, and return a simple property list.
parse_cookie("") ->
[];
parse_cookie(Cookie) ->
parse_cookie(Cookie, []).
%% @spec test() -> ok
%% @doc Run tests for mochiweb_cookies.
test() ->
parse_cookie_test(),
cookie_test(),
ok.
%% Internal API
parse_cookie([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
parse_cookie(String, Acc) ->
{{Token, Value}, Rest} = read_pair(String),
Acc1 = case Token of
"" ->
Acc;
"$" ++ _ ->
Acc;
_ ->
[{Token, Value} | Acc]
end,
parse_cookie(Rest, Acc1).
read_pair(String) ->
{Token, Rest} = read_token(skip_whitespace(String)),
{Value, Rest1} = read_value(skip_whitespace(Rest)),
{{Token, Value}, skip_past_separator(Rest1)}.
read_value([$= | Value]) ->
Value1 = skip_whitespace(Value),
case Value1 of
[?QUOTE | _] ->
read_quoted(Value1);
_ ->
read_token(Value1)
end;
read_value(String) ->
{"", String}.
read_quoted([?QUOTE | String]) ->
read_quoted(String, []).
read_quoted([], Acc) ->
{lists:reverse(Acc), []};
read_quoted([?QUOTE | Rest], Acc) ->
{lists:reverse(Acc), Rest};
read_quoted([$\\, Any | Rest], Acc) ->
read_quoted(Rest, [Any | Acc]);
read_quoted([C | Rest], Acc) ->
read_quoted(Rest, [C | Acc]).
skip_whitespace(String) ->
F = fun (C) -> ?IS_WHITESPACE(C) end,
lists:dropwhile(F, String).
read_token(String) ->
F = fun (C) -> not ?IS_SEPARATOR(C) end,
lists:splitwith(F, String).
skip_past_separator([]) ->
[];
skip_past_separator([$; | Rest]) ->
Rest;
skip_past_separator([$, | Rest]) ->
Rest;
skip_past_separator([_ | Rest]) ->
skip_past_separator(Rest).
parse_cookie_test() ->
%% RFC example
C1 = "$Version=\"1\"; Customer=\"WILE_E_COYOTE\"; $Path=\"/acme\";
Part_Number=\"Rocket_Launcher_0001\"; $Path=\"/acme\";
Shipping=\"FedEx\"; $Path=\"/acme\"",
[
{"Customer","WILE_E_COYOTE"},
{"Part_Number","Rocket_Launcher_0001"},
{"Shipping","FedEx"}
] = parse_cookie(C1),
%% Potential edge cases
[{"foo", "x"}] = parse_cookie("foo=\"\\x\""),
[] = parse_cookie("="),
[{"foo", ""}, {"bar", ""}] = parse_cookie(" foo ; bar "),
[{"foo", ""}, {"bar", ""}] = parse_cookie("foo=;bar="),
[{"foo", "\";"}, {"bar", ""}] = parse_cookie("foo = \"\\\";\";bar "),
[{"foo", "\";bar"}] = parse_cookie("foo=\"\\\";bar").
any_to_list(V) when is_list(V) ->
V;
any_to_list(V) when is_atom(V) ->
atom_to_list(V);
any_to_list(V) when is_binary(V) ->
binary_to_list(V);
any_to_list(V) when is_integer(V) ->
integer_to_list(V).
cookie_test() ->
C1 = {"Set-Cookie",
"Customer=WILE_E_COYOTE; "
"Version=1; "
"Path=/acme"},
C1 = cookie("Customer", "WILE_E_COYOTE", [{path, "/acme"}]),
C1 = cookie("Customer", "WILE_E_COYOTE",
[{path, "/acme"}, {badoption, "negatory"}]),
C1 = cookie('Customer', 'WILE_E_COYOTE', [{path, '/acme'}]),
C1 = cookie(<<"Customer">>, <<"WILE_E_COYOTE">>, [{path, <<"/acme">>}]),
{"Set-Cookie","=NoKey; Version=1"} = cookie("", "NoKey", []),
LocalTime = calendar:universal_time_to_local_time({{2007, 5, 15}, {13, 45, 33}}),
C2 = {"Set-Cookie",
"Customer=WILE_E_COYOTE; "
"Version=1; "
"Expires=Tue, 15 May 2007 13:45:33 GMT; "
"Max-Age=0"},
C2 = cookie("Customer", "WILE_E_COYOTE",
[{max_age, -111}, {local_time, LocalTime}]),
C3 = {"Set-Cookie",
"Customer=WILE_E_COYOTE; "
"Version=1; "
"Expires=Wed, 16 May 2007 13:45:50 GMT; "
"Max-Age=86417"},
C3 = cookie("Customer", "WILE_E_COYOTE",
[{max_age, 86417}, {local_time, LocalTime}]),
ok.