PERF-#6976: Do not trigger unnecessary computations on ._propagate_index_objs()

[dchigarev]

What do these changes do?

Changes in this PR prevent materialization for axes that were not specified in ._propagate_index_objs()

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• passes flake8 modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• passes black --check modin/ asv_bench/benchmarks scripts/doc_checker.py
• signed commit with git commit -s
• Resolves Unnecessary row_lengths computation on ._propagate_index_objs(axis=1) #6976
• tests are passing
• module layout described at docs/development/architecture.rst is up-to-date

[anmyachev]

Do you mind adding copy_column_widths_cache function similar to copy_columns_cache?

[dchigarev]

This would require changing self._column_widths_cache -> self.copy_column_widths_cache() everywhere. Adding the method also doesn't seem to help here, as we're taking individual elements, rather than the whole list:

part.add_to_apply_calls(
    ...,
    width=self.copy_column_widths_cache()[i] if self.has_column_widths_cache() else None
)