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introduction.txt
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introduction.txt
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=======================
Introduction to MongoDB
=======================
.. default-domain:: mongodb
.. contents:: On this page
:local:
:backlinks: none
:depth: 1
:class: singlecol
MongoDB is an open-source document database that provides high
performance, high availability, and automatic scaling.
Document Database
-----------------
A record in MongoDB is a document, which is a data structure composed
of field and value pairs. MongoDB documents are similar to JSON
objects. The values of fields may include other documents, arrays,
and arrays of documents.
.. include:: /images/crud-annotated-document.rst
The advantages of using documents are:
- Documents (i.e. objects) correspond to native data types in
many programming languages.
- Embedded documents and arrays reduce need for expensive joins.
- Dynamic schema supports fluent polymorphism.
Key Features
------------
High Performance
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MongoDB provides high performance data persistence. In particular,
- Support for embedded data models reduces I/O activity on database
system.
- Indexes support faster queries and can include keys from embedded
documents and arrays.
Rich Query Language
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MongoDB supports a rich query language to support :doc:`read and write
operations </core/crud-introduction>` as well as:
- :doc:`data aggregation </core/aggregation-pipeline>`
- :query:`Text Search <$text>` and :doc:`Geospatial Queries
</tutorial/geospatial-tutorial>`.
High Availability
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MongoDB's replication facility, called :ref:`replica set
<replication-introduction>`, provides:
- *automatic* failover and
- data redundancy.
A :ref:`replica set <replication-introduction>` is a group of
MongoDB servers that maintain the same data set, providing redundancy
and increasing data availability.
Horizontal Scalability
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MongoDB provides horizontal scalability as part of its *core*
functionality:
- :ref:`Sharding <sharding-introduction>` distributes data across a
cluster of machines.
- Tag aware sharding allows for directing data to specific shards, such
as to take into consideration geographic distribution of the shards.
Support for Multiple Storage Engine
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
MongoDB supports :doc:`multiple storage engines
</storage>`:
- :doc:`/core/wiredtiger` and
- :doc:`/core/mmapv1`.
In addition, MongoDB provides pluggable storage engine API that allows
third parties to develop storage engines for MongoDB.
.. class:: hidden
.. toctree::
:titlesonly:
/core/databases-and-collections
/core/document
/reference/bson-types
/reference/mongodb-extended-json