MDL-73827 lib: Fix URL blocked error for userinfo endpoint

When the oAuth2 issuer hasn't any userinfo endpoint, a call to
$this->get(false) was done, which was returning "The URL is
blocked".
This is a regression from MDL-70649, which added some cURL security
checks.

lib/classes/oauth2/client.php

@@ -487,9 +487,14 @@ public function upgrade_refresh_token(system_account $systemaccount) {
      * the fields back into moodle fields.
      *
      * @return array|false Moodle user fields for the logged in user (or false if request failed)
+     * @throws moodle_exception if the response is empty after decoding it.
      */
     public function get_userinfo() {
         $url = $this->get_issuer()->get_endpoint_url('userinfo');
+        if (empty($url)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         $response = $this->get($url);
         if (!$response) {
             return false;
@@ -501,6 +506,11 @@ public function get_userinfo() {
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (is_null($userinfo)) {
+            // Throw an exception displaying the original response, because, at this point, $userinfo shouldn't be empty.
+            throw new moodle_exception($response);
+        }
+
         return $this->map_userinfo_to_fields($userinfo);
     }