Add vivado development workflow docs

docs/dev/vivado.md

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+# Vivado
+
+Vivado is an interactive development environment (IDE) released by Xilinx (now
+AMD) that supports a wide variety of tools used to implement logic design.
+
+## Installation
+
+Instructions for installing Vivado and related tools can be found
+[here](https://docs.xilinx.com/r/en-US/ug973-vivado-release-notes-install-license/Download-and-Installation).
+
+## File Types
+
+- `.edn`, `.edf`, `.edif`: Electronic Design Interchange Format (EDIF) files
+  (netlist)
+- `.dcp`: design checkpoint file
+- `.jou`: journal file
+- `.xdc`: design constraints file
+- `.xpr`: project file
+
+## Design Elements
+
+The full list of design elements that can be found on 7 series FPGA's can be
+found
+[here](https://docs.xilinx.com/r/en-US/ug953-vivado-7series-libraries/Design-Elements).
+
+## Workflow
+
+Translating a Hardware Description Language (HDL) into a bitstream that can be
+programmed on an FPGA requires a number of steps. The sequence of these steps is
+referred to as the _design workflow_. A generic high-level view of FPGA design
+workflows can be found
+[here](https://f4pga.readthedocs.io/en/latest/flows/index.html).
+
+### RTL Analysis
+
+RTL analysis can take multiple forms, but typically involves some form of static
+evaluation of design source files written in an HDL, such as Verilog or VHDL.
+Running RTL analysis is a relatively inexpensive step that can catch syntax
+errors and other programmer mistakes that may cause later, more expensive stages
+to fail.
+
+### Synthesis
+
+This stage encompasses the process of translating RTL into a _netlist_. The
+netlist describes the design elements that are used to implement the logic
+described in the HDL. At this stage the netlist does not describe which specific
+physical elements are used on the FPGA and how they are connected to one
+another.
+
+### Implementation
+
+In this stage, the synthesized netlist is mapped onto the physical elements. The
+definition of the available elements is provided by the description of the FPGA
+that is being targeted. Implemetnation is also known as _Place and Route (PnR)_.
+
+### Bitstream Generation
+
+Bitstream generation consists of converting the routed netlist into a
+_bitstream_ that can be used to program the device. Bitstreams can be generated
+as `.bin` or `.bit` files, with the latter including an ASCII header with
+information about the bitstream. These files are written to
+`toolchain/vivado/boards/xc7a35ticsg324-1l/xc7a35ticsg324-1l.runs/impl_1/`.
+
+### Programming
+
+Once the bitstream is generated, it can be written either to flash memory or
+directly to the FPGA. This is typically accomplished using a JTAG interface.
+
+## Simulation
+
+Simulation can be run at multiple stages in the design workflow. However, some
+types of simulation are dependent on a given stage being executed. For a full
+description of the various types of simulation offered in Vivado, see the
+documentation
+[here](https://docs.xilinx.com/r/en-US/ug900-vivado-logic-simulation/Behavioral-Simulation-at-the-Register-Transfer-Level).
+
+- Behavioral Simulation (RTL Simulation)
+    - Earliest simulation that can be performed.
+    - Useful for identifying syntax issues as well as any mistakes in logic.
+    - Allows for simulating individual components of the design.
+- Post-Synthesis Functional Simulation
+    - Validates that the design elements used to implement the logic specified
+      in the HDL do so correctly.
+- Post-Synthesis Timing Simulation
+    - Opportunity to run timing simulation prior to routing with estimated
+      timing numbers.
+    - Results should be treated as basic estimates and timing simulation should
+      also be performed following implementation.
+- Post-Implementation Functional Simulation
+    - Validates that the placement and routing of physical elements on the
+      device results in accurate implementation of the specified logic.
+- Post-Implementation Timing Simulation
+    - The routed netlist provides the most accurate timing simulation as the
+      location and routing of physical elements is known.